19. the gothic novel
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The Gothic NovelJames Ward, Gordale Scar, 1814, London, Tate Gallery.
It came to popularity at the end of the 18th century
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The adjective “Gothic” three connotations
Medieval, linked to thearchitecture of the 12th-14th centuries
Irregular, barbarous, opposed to Classicism
Wild, supernatural,in the sense of
mysterious
1. The origin of the name
The Gothic novel
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The 18th-century society
Industrial exploitation
•Destruction of the single human being
•Man as a slave to forces he could not control
•Gothic symbols as denunciation of social problems
2. Influences
The Gothic novel
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2. Influences
The Gothic novel
• As a celebration of terror
• As a rejection of constraints and limits
• As exploration of forbidden areas
The “sublime”
• Great importance given to
terror, characterised by
obscurity and uncertainty,
and horror, caused by evil
and atrocity.
• Darkness necessary
ingredient for the mysterious,
gloomy atmosphere.
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The Gothic novel
3. The setting
Jonathan Barry, Udolpho Castle, 1993, private collection.
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The Gothic novel
3. The setting• Ancient settings isolated
castles and mysterious
abbeys with hidden passages,
underground cellars, secret
rooms.
• Catholic countries as the
setting for the most terrible
crimes, due to Protestant
prejudices against
Catholicism.A drawing depicting the Gothic staircase at
Strawberry Hill, near London.
Characters dominated by exaggerated reactions in front of mysterious situations or events.
Supernatural beings vampires, monsters and ghosts.
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The Gothic novel
4. The characters
Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli), The Nightmare, 1781, Goethe Museum, Frankfurt
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The Gothic novel
4. The characters
Sensitive heroes they save heroines.
Heroines stricken by unreal terrors and persecuted by the villains.
Satanic, terrifying male characters, victims of their negative impulses.
Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli), The Nightmare, 1781, Goethe Museum, Frankfurt
Semantic areas Words
Mystery enchantment, ghost, haunted, infernal, magic, secret, spectre, vision
Fear/ Terror/ Sorrow
agony, anguish, apprehensions, despair, dread, fearing, frightened, hopeless, horror, melancholy, miserable, panic, sadly, scared, shrieks, sorrow, tears, terror, unhappy, wretched
Haste anxious, breathless, frantic, hastily, impatient, running, suddenly
Anger anger, enraged, furious, rage, resentment, wrath
Largeness enormous, gigantic, large, tremendous, vast
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The Gothic novel
5. The language
• Horace Walpole The Castle of Otranto (1764)
• Ann Radcliffe The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794)
• Matthew Lewis The Monk (1796)
• Mary Shelley Frankenstein (1818)
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The Gothic novel
6. First Gothic authors
• Great interest during the 18th century common to all strata of society.
• The features of Gothic novels preserved in modern and contemporary descendents of this genre in the works of:
Charlotte Bronte
E. A. Poe
R. L. Stevenson
Bram Stoker
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The Gothic novel
7. Popularity