ch. 19 gothic to renaissance
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Chapter 19
From Gothic To Renaissance
Renaissance
• What does Renaissance Mean?
• Italy was divided into many city states – Venice, Florence, etc.
• Powerful city states- Naples & Milan
• Prosperity
• Guilds are very important
What happened after the middle ages?
• Black Death approx 25-50 % of European Population is gone
• Focus on Death – many hospitals are built
• The Great Schism - Who is the rightful owner of the church?– 40 years of fighting between French and Italian Pope
• Humanism will rise – Roman and Greek lit. and art are of great interest
Berlinghieri – St. Francis altarpiece1235
Pisano- pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery
Nicola Pisano- Left ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1259)
Giovanni Pisano – Right ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1297)
Cavallini –Seated Apostles – detail of the Last Judgment –Rome 1291
• Roman style of painting
• Abandoned Byzantine Style
• Great form • Light & 3d
Cimabue – Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets 1280
• Slender figure • Project Light• Throne is deep• Influenced by
Byzantine Examples• Gold embellishments
Bondone – Madonna Enthroned1310ce
• Naturalistic approach• Not sure where his influence is
from, possibly from Cavallini• Gaining insight on the world, new
way of seeing• Gothic throne, breaks away from
flatness
Arena Chapel - Giotto 1305
• Interior of the Arena Chapel –
• A private chapel• 1305-1306• Chronicled the lives of the
Virgin Mary and Christ• Barrel Vaulted / 6
windows• Flat surface• Chiaroscuro
Lamentation – Giotto - 1305• Hysterical Grief • Mary cradles her sons
body• Mary Magdalene looks
at the wounds of Christ’s feet, St. John throws his arms back dramatically
• Strong diagonal / rocky ledge
• Tree = good and evil
• Depth / light and shade – upper parts of the body have light
• Perspective and first signs of chiaroscuro
Republic of Siena & Florence
• 14 th Century city states – important for art
• People of Siena believed that the Virgin helped them with their victories
Duccio di Buoninsegna – Virgin and Child Enthroned( Altarpiece 1308)
From the Maesta Altarpiece
• In the Siena cathedral ( high altar)
• Queen of Heaven• Focus of worship• Illusion ( from Giotto
style)• Soften lines
compared to Byzantine style
The Silk Road
Duccio BuoninsegnaBetrayal of Jesus from Maesta Altarpiece1309ce
• False kiss of Judas• Disciples fleeing in
terror• Not flat• International style
Duccio started the Sienese School
• Simone Martini – pupil of Duccio
• Martini started the International Style- appealed to aristocratic taste because of bold colors and lavish costumes, ornamentation and themes
Martini – and Memmi(?)
Lorenzetti- The Birth of the Virgin 1342
• St. Anne laying• Built for Sienna
Cathedral• Divided• Illusion ( St. Anne)• Midwives wash child,
upper class Italian house
• Joachim –waits for delivery
Palazzo Pubblico –Siena 1288
• Admiration of Sienas citizens
• Lofty Tower• Lookout over the city• Bell rang as different
types of situations• Class struggle, feuds• High tower avoids
most missiles
Effects of Good Gov’t in the city and in the country – Ambrogio
Lorenzetti – Sienna 1338• Reminders of what a good city can be like when everyone gets along. Siena was
turbulent- fights, violent party struggle, • Panoramic view of the city palaces, markets, towers, churches, streets and walls. •
Florence
• Economic prosperity
• Dominant City State
• Banking operations
• Rich
• Church was planned to hold entire population
Florence Cathedral – Cambio 1296
• Old Tuscan style of decoration
• Marble encrusted geometric designs
• Simple geometric • Nave afterthought in
cathedral
Conclusion
• Giotto and Duccio – abandon some of the conventions of medieval art
• Greater illusionism
• Stronger emotional demonstrations
• Humanism starts