Geographical Information System Based Landslide Probabilistic Geographical Information System Based Landslide Probabilistic Model with trivariate approachModel with trivariate approach--A case study in Sikkim A case study in Sikkim

Himalayas.Himalayas.

L.P.Sharma, Nilanchal Patel, M.K.Ghosh, P.DebnathL.P.Sharma, Nilanchal Patel, M.K.Ghosh, P.Debnath

Presentation By Presentation By L.P.Sharma(L.P.Sharma(lp.sharma@nic.inlp.sharma@nic.in))

ScientistScientist--D & Principal System AnalystD & Principal System AnalystNational Informatics Centre, IndiaNational Informatics Centre, India

1818thth United Nations RegionalUnited Nations RegionalCartographic ConferenceCartographic Conference

2626--29 October 200929 October 2009BangkokBangkok-- ThailandThailand

Investigators:Investigators:Shri L.P.SharmaShri L.P.Sharma, B.Tech (ECE), M.C.Sc., Ph.D. , B.Tech (ECE), M.C.Sc., Ph.D.

(Ongoing) (Ongoing) Principal System Analyst & Scientist InPrincipal System Analyst & Scientist In--charge charge

GeoGeo--Informatics Cell, National Informatics Centre, SikkimInformatics Cell, National Informatics Centre, Sikkim

Dr. Nilanchal PatelDr. Nilanchal Patel, , M.Tech. (Applied Geology ), Ph.D M.Tech. (Applied Geology ), Ph.D (Remote Sensing)(Remote Sensing)

Professor , Department of Remote Sensing, Birla Institute of TeProfessor , Department of Remote Sensing, Birla Institute of Technology, chnology, Mesra, Ranchi, IndiaMesra, Ranchi, India

Dr. M.K.GhoseDr. M.K.Ghose, , Senior Scientist/ISROW (Retd.)Senior Scientist/ISROW (Retd.)

Professor & HOD, Computer Science DepartmentProfessor & HOD, Computer Science DepartmentSikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Mazitar, Sikkim, IndiaSikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Mazitar, Sikkim, India

Dr. P .DebnathDr. P .Debnath, Bsc. (Agri),Msc (Agri),Ph.D.(Soil Science), Bsc. (Agri),Msc (Agri),Ph.D.(Soil Science)

Assistant ProfessorAssistant ProfessorCollege of Agriculture Engineering and Post Harvest TechnologyCollege of Agriculture Engineering and Post Harvest Technology

Ranipool, Sikkim, IndiaRanipool, Sikkim, India

Study Area..Study Area..

Sikkim Sikkim ––Land of Eternal BeautyLand of Eternal Beauty

Such Natural Beauties are often Such Natural Beauties are often disturbed by the Terror of disturbed by the Terror of

LandslidesLandslides

LandslidesLandslidesLandslide has been a disaster of Big Concern.Landslide has been a disaster of Big Concern.

In 1968 the state lost 3300 lives and properties worth In 1968 the state lost 3300 lives and properties worth rupees million when a prolonged monsoon triggered rupees million when a prolonged monsoon triggered landslides in many places .landslides in many places .

Since then the Landslide has been disturbing the civil Since then the Landslide has been disturbing the civil lives, public properties and private properties in many lives, public properties and private properties in many ways. ways.

Some times the infrastructure projects are washed Some times the infrastructure projects are washed away while at completion phases. away while at completion phases.

The local governments are finding it tough to make The local governments are finding it tough to make the development activities sustainable and ensure the development activities sustainable and ensure safety to public from landslide hazards.safety to public from landslide hazards.

Characteristics..Characteristics..Average Slope > 60%Average Slope > 60%Soil Texture is Mostly Coarse LoamySoil Texture is Mostly Coarse LoamyWeak Rocks like Chlorite, Phyllite/Sericite Weak Rocks like Chlorite, Phyllite/Sericite Mostly PrevailMostly PrevailAverage Rainfall up to 3000 mm per Annum.Average Rainfall up to 3000 mm per Annum.Lies in the boarder of Indian and Eurosian Plate Lies in the boarder of Indian and Eurosian Plate and has high Seismic Threat.and has high Seismic Threat.Civil Construction and Urbanization is rapid to Civil Construction and Urbanization is rapid to meet the demand of growing Population. meet the demand of growing Population.

The Scope of this StudyThe Scope of this StudyTo explore the possibility of GIS based To explore the possibility of GIS based Landslide Vulnerability Study and to Landslide Vulnerability Study and to measure its accuracy. measure its accuracy. To delineate the highly Vulnerable Area To delineate the highly Vulnerable Area within the Study Area for implementation within the Study Area for implementation of immediate precautionary measures.of immediate precautionary measures.An attempt to demonstrate the technology An attempt to demonstrate the technology driven Vulnerability Assessment as a driven Vulnerability Assessment as a replacement for Conventional Methods.replacement for Conventional Methods.An attempt to demonstrate the An attempt to demonstrate the importance of spatial data.importance of spatial data.

Data Used for StudyData Used for Study

Soil MapsSoil Maps-- Sang Revenue Circle Sang Revenue Circle

Methodology FlowchartMethodology Flowchart

Calculation of Landslide Information Value Calculation of Landslide Information Value for Polygonsfor Polygons

The Landslide Information Value for the jth polygon was The Landslide Information Value for the jth polygon was calculated as:calculated as:

Where Where W1, W2,W1, W2,………….Wn are the expert based weights .Wn are the expert based weights of the Nth identified parameters of the Nth identified parameters

Xij (Wn) is the variable value of Ith variable of Xij (Wn) is the variable value of Ith variable of the Wn parameter for Jth polygon.the Wn parameter for Jth polygon.

LDij (Wn) is the Landslide Density due to Ith LDij (Wn) is the Landslide Density due to Ith variable of Wn Parameter for the Jth polygon.variable of Wn Parameter for the Jth polygon.

N1

Slide 13

N1 18th United Nations Regional Cartograpic Conference 26-29 october 2009NIC_LAPTOP, 17/10/2009

Classification of Parcels Classification of Parcels

Production of Zonation MapProduction of Zonation Map

Bar Chart with StatisticsBar Chart with StatisticsBar Chart Showing Area Falling in Diffferent

Vulnerability Zones

10.91

30%

14.7

41% 10.66

29%

02468

10121416

Least Vulnerable Moderately Vulnerable Most Vulnerable

Are

a In

Sq.

Km

.

Bar Char Showing No of Landslides in Different Vulnerability Zones

311%

9

32%

16

57%

0

5

10

15

20

Least Vulnerable Moderately Vulnerable Most Vulnerable

No

of L

ands

lides

The Study ConcludesThe Study ConcludesGeographical Information System is very Geographical Information System is very useful in assessing the vulnerability to useful in assessing the vulnerability to landslide hazards.landslide hazards.Using GIS accurate prediction of landslides Using GIS accurate prediction of landslides is possible using highly accurate spatial is possible using highly accurate spatial data.data.The method of triThe method of tri--variate approach is variate approach is simple and gives around 70%simple and gives around 70%--80% 80% accuracy in assessing the landslide accuracy in assessing the landslide vulnerability.vulnerability.The application of GIS will go a long way The application of GIS will go a long way in making our development activities in making our development activities sustainable.sustainable.

National GIS

NIC• Facilitator• Integrator• Standardization• Dissemination-

Enterprise

Stakeholders of National GIS

Enterprise Framework Architecture

Spatial Data

Non‐Spatial Data

Web Based GIS Application

Internet

Spatial Data

Web Services like WMS,WFS

Browser

LAN

Thick Client –GIS

LAN

Thick Client –open Source/Proprietary

Spatial Data

Application Server

Data Sharing / Access ModelsData Sharing / Access Models

Local Data

Mapping of 6,38,387 Villages of Mapping of 6,38,387 Villages of

India with other administrative units India with other administrative units

linked with Census 2001.linked with Census 2001.

Forms core data for eForms core data for e--governance governance

applications. applications.

SocioSocio--economic indicators and economic indicators and

Demographic Studies. Demographic Studies.

Verification, update, roll out plan in Verification, update, roll out plan in

progressprogress

Administrative Boundary DatabaseAdministrative Boundary Database

National GIS - Web based Dissemination System with GIS functions like navigation, query, analysis , print.

G2C ApplicationG2C Application

Web GIS for Village Level Mapping of Demography and Amenities

Thematic Atlas for the entire CountryThematic Atlas for the entire Country

Road NetworkRoad Network

Railway NetworkRailway Network

Countrywide mosaic of Topo-maps

Countrywide mosaic of Satellite images of various resolution upto 5m.

Quick Bird (60 Cm) images for disctrict Head Quarters.

Image Classification and Infrastructure Mapping

Standardization and Interoperability

Raster Data Services

Geography…a binding force

PAN with Topo Maps

Quick Bird Image for Rupnagar, Punjab

Visualization from maps/sat. images

Dissemination  using  Enterprise GIS Architecture

Planning of mobile services across the country.

Emergency Planning and Response system

Watershed Management System

Value Added services for operational MIS services.

GIS based Election Management

Key GIS Implementations Key GIS Implementations

Offsite emergency planning tool developed using Map Objects.

Chemicals modeling using ARCHIE/ ALOHA integrated with MO. Over 2000 footprints generated.

Implemented in 40 districts & hazardous Industries.

Response Inf. data sheets for 463 chemicals.

Offsite emergency planning tool developed using Map Objects.

Chemicals modeling using ARCHIE/ ALOHA integrated with MO. Over 2000 footprints generated.

Implemented in 40 districts & hazardous Industries.

Response Inf. data sheets for 463 chemicals.

Agricultural Marketing Network

Mapping of around 7000 agricultural Markets.

Daily Arrival of commodities.

Price Index

Market Profile

Demand Supply Chain

Agricultural Marketing Network

Mapping of around 7000 agricultural Markets.

Daily Arrival of commodities.

Price Index

Market Profile

Demand Supply Chain

Value Addition to MIS Value Addition to MIS

Better civic services to citizens at large through computer assisted mapping of utilities

Better civic services to citizens at large through computer assisted mapping of utilities

• Utility Mapping model implemented for Delhi.

• This model is further replicated in the six cities of Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

• Utility Mapping model implemented for Delhi.

• This model is further replicated in the six cities of Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

Utility Mapping Services

Integrated  Services Delivery  using GIS  is  a  essential component to e‐gov  process.

National GIS has  triggered  the process of  integration of data from various sources.

We  continue  to    provide  our  support  for  evolving common standards and policies, human resources and knowledge sharing.

Spatial Data  Infrastructure accomplishes  the delivery of  effective  and  efficient  implementation  of  e‐governance  programmes  through  GIS  at  grass  root level

To summarize To summarize

lp.sharma@nic.in

INDIA