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The Eigthteenth Century

By: Jos Caballero

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The 18th century was the age of town life with its coffeehousesand clubs(Scriblerus Club),(Pope, Swift, and John Gay) (authorofThe Beggar's Opera).

The influence of this social life on literature was inevitable.

Letters were a popular form of polite literature.

The drama of the 18th century failed to match that of theRestoration.

In prose fiction, departures from social realism are evident inthe Gothic romances.

One of the most important figure of this period was AlexanderPope, he wortw, The Rape of the Lockis his most original andreadable work.

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EnlightenmentMovement

The Realistic andSentimentalist Fiction

Sentimentalist andRomatic poetry.

Neoclassicism

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Enlightenment Movement

The eighteenth century Europe has witnessed one of the

greatest events in human civilization (the Enlightenment).

The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive

intellectual movement that flourished in France andswept though the whole Western Europe at that time.

Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the

light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.

The enlighteners celebrated reason of rationality,

equality and science.( universal education)

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The Realistic and Sentimentalist

Fiction

The summit of eighteenth century English literature isfiction.

England produces three greatest realistic

novelists: Daniel Defoe, father of modern novel and the

author of Robinson Crusoe; Jonathan Swift, the greatest

English satirist and the author of Gullivers Travels; and

Henry Fielding, the author of Tom Jones.

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According Sentimentalist Fiction was engraved onpsychoanalysis of human mind.

The representative writers are: Samuel Richardson,

the author of Pamela and their novels were written in

epistole form, Laurence Stern, the author of Tristram

Shandyand Oliver Goldsmith, the author of The Vicar

of Wakefield.

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Sentimentalist and Romantic

poetry.

In the middle of the 18th

century, sentimentalism made itsappearance.

Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter

discontent among the enlightened people with social reality.

Dissatisfied with reason, sentimentalists appealed to sentiment,

"to the human heart.' Sentimentalism turned to the countryside

for its material.

It is in striking contrast to classicism, which had confined itself to

the clubs and drawing-rooms and to the social and political life of

London.

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Representative Authors: Thomas Gray was

the most widely read sentimentalist poet, whoseAn Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

William Cowper, Edward Young who wrote

Night Thoughts,William Collins and James

Thompson who wrote in The Seasons.

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During the eighteenth century also flourished

romatic authors such as:

William Blake and Robert Burns are the two

representative Romantic poets late 18th century.

Besides Blake and Burns, the other Romantic

poets that are worth mentioning are: Thomas

Percy, James Macpherson and ThomasChatterton.

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Neoclassicism

The Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in

the old classical works.

This tendency is known as neoclassicism.

According to neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to

be modeled after the works of ancient Greek and Romanwriters and those of contemporary French ones.

They believed that artistic ideals should be order, logic,

restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature

should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.

Neoclassicists had fixed laws and rules for almost every

genre of literature.

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Importants Authors

John Dryden was an advocate of Neoclassicism.

Alexander Pope was the representative poet ofneoclassical school in the early 18th century.

Samuel Johnson was the last advocate of Neoclassicism.

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