1790-1825. economic growth essential question: what effects did the industrial revolution have on...
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GROWTH AND EXPANSION1790-1825
Economic Growth
Essential Question: What effects did the Industrial
Revolution have on the U.S. economy?
The Growth of Industry
Mid 1700s – the way goods were made in Great Britain began to change
Goods began to be made in mills and factories
People left home to earn money ***Industrial Revolution***
The Growth of Industry
Characteristics of New England that led to the Industrial Revolution Poor soil made farming difficult Had plenty of streams and rivers for
water power Close to natural resources (coal and iron
in Pennsylvania) Many ports for raw materials to be
shipped into
Water Power
New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution Individual
Eli Whitney Contribution
Cotton Gin (1793) Characteristics
Removed seeds from cotton quickly and efficiently Used interchangeable parts
Effects Interchangeable parts allowed for production on a
large scale Reduced the price of goods
New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution Individual
Samuel Slater Contribution
Duplicated British machines that made cotton thread
Characteristics Pawtuckett, RI Company made cotton thread that women in their
homes then sewed into cloth Effects
Marked an important step in the Industrial Revolution in the United States
New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution Individual
Francis Cabot Lowell Contribution
Factory System (1814) Characteristics
All stages of cloth making were performed under one roof
Effects Increases efficiency Lowers cost
Free Enterprise
Industrial growth requires an economic system that allows competition to flourish with little government interference Capitalism: Individuals put their capital
(money) into a business hoping the business will make a profit
Free enterprise: People are free to buy, sell and produce whatever they want Competition Profit Private Property Economic Freedom
Agriculture Expands
Agriculture is still the country’s leading economic activity
Small farms in the North, large plantations using slave labor in the South
Agriculture in west is expanding as well
Economic Independence
Growth of factories and trade led to development of corporations (large businesses)
Cities sprung up near waterways for easy transportation of goods Buildings made of wood or brick Unpaved streets with animals wandering No sewers = high risk of disease Fire Jobs and attractions outweigh risks of living
in the city
Reading in Text Book Page 310-311
Making Connections
How did inventions like the cotton gin and interchangeable parts revolutionize the textile industry?
Answer the Essential Question: What effects did the Industrial Revolution have on the United States economy?
Personal Writing
It is 1830, and you have just moved to New York City. Write a letter to your friends back on the farm describing what your new life is like. Be sure to make comparisons about the two different life styles within your letter. (Use at least 12 sentences).
Westward Bound
Essential Question: How did land and water transportation
affect Westward Expansion?
Moving West
Population explodes and people move west
Transportation routes such as roads improved as settlers moved west
Difficult journey – 363 mile trip from NYC to Buffalo could take three weeks
Road Travel
Turnpikes (toll roads) Base of crushed stone Muddy! One national road built from
Maryland to Illinois as a military necessity
River Travel
Boats could carry larger loads than wagons
Obstacles Needed goods to travel east to west
while most rivers run north to south Difficult to travel upstream
Steamboat developed: Powerful engine that could move goods upstream
Canal Travel (Erie Canal)
Wanted to link Albany to Buffalo, NY DeWitt Clinton 363 miles long Thousands of laborers (mainly Irish
immigrants) faced harsh conditions while building
Lock system provided a way to raise and lower boats at places where canal levels changed
The Erie Canal
***The success of the Erie Canal led to an explosion in canal building. By 1850, the United States had more than 3,600 miles of canals. Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods and brought prosperity to the towns along their routes. Perhaps most important, they linked regions of a growing country.***
The Erie Canal
Western Settlement
Americans continued to move westward, settling near rivers so they could ship their goods to markets
As population grew, new states were created 1791-1803 (Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee,
Ohio) 1816-1821 (Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi,
Alabama, Missouri) Life in the west did not include
conveniences of Eastern town life
Making Connections
What were the benefits of canal travel?
Answer the Essential Question: How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?
Unity and Sectionalism
Essential Question: What issues divided the country at the
end of the Era of Good Feelings?
The Era of Good Feelings
After the War of 1812, a new spirit of nationalism spread throughout the US
Federalist Party faded out Republican James Monroe wins
election of 1816 Extremely dignified and well liked
Nation was united and free of political strife
Sectionalism
Regional differences brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings
Americans thought of themselves as Northerners, Southerners and Westerners
Disagreed over issues of Slavery Tariffs National bank Internal improvements (roads and canals)
Sectionalism
John C. Calhoun Planter from South Carolina Opposed national programs Supported state sovereignty Opposed high tariffs (raised prices on
manufactured goods the South could not produce themselves)
Sectionalism
Daniel Webster Massachusetts Senator Favored Tariff of 1816 (Protected
American industry from foreign competition)
Defended the nation as a whole against sectional interests
Sectionalism
Henry Clay War Hawk during War of 1812 Speaker of the House of Representatives Represented interests of Western States Tried to resolve sectional disputes
The Missouri Compromise
Issue: Whether or not to allow slavery in new states that joined the union
Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise: States admitted to the Union north of the
36 30’ N parallel would be free states Also included the American System
Protective tariff A program of internal improvements National bank (Second National Bank of the United
States) Many Southerners did not approve of Clay’s
system
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) State of Maryland imposed a tax on
the Second National Bank of the US Issue goes to the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that
Maryland had no right to tax the bank
***Strengthened the power of the federal government***
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Established that states could not make laws that would interfere with Congressional power over interstate commerce (between states)
Increased federal power at the expense of state power
Making Connections
Describe the overall feeling in the U.S. after the War of 1812.
Essential Question: What issues divided the country at the end of the Era of Good Feelings?
Foreign Affairs
Essential Question: How did the United States define its role
in foreign affairs in the early 1800s?
Relations with Britain
1818 – Set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel
Each country agreed to maintain its border without armed forces
Relations with Spain
US claimed West Florida as part of the Louisiana Purchase Spain objected but took no actions
Andrew Jackson took two Spanish forts in East Florida to stop Seminole raids in America
Adams – Onis Treaty: US gains East Florida in 1819
Monroe Doctrine
Facing threat from European countries helping Spain to regain its North and South American holdings, James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine (1823) US would not interfere with any
existing European colonies in the Americas
Stated North and South American would not be considered as subjects for future colonization
Making Connections
Why was the Monroe Doctrine issued?
Answer the Essential Question: How did the US define its role in foreign affairs in the early 1800s?