17697 steering systems
DESCRIPTION
steeringTRANSCRIPT
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Steering systemsParts and function
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Steering systemcomponents Steering wheel, column and shaftdriver
inputs
Steering gearchanges directionrotating steering wheel into linear motion
Steering linkageconnects steering gearto steering arms
Ball jointsallows movement of steeringcomponents and suspension
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Steering
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Steering wheel Attaches to steering column and shaft by
1 or more fasteners, most single nut
Have an interference fit on the shaftvery tight fit, may need a puller
May contain an airbag assembly, radio
controls, cruise controls, etc
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Steering wheel
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Puller
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Steering column Contains and supports the steering shaft
May have a tilt mechanism
May have telescoping mechanism Also houses ignition switch
May be designed to collapse during front
impacthas plastic or soft metal rivetsthat are easily damaged or broken fromimproper use or removal
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Steering column
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Steering column
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Steering column coupler Steering column couplers allow pivot
points in the column
Like a universal joint
Loose or worn couplers will result in a
loose steering feel, vibration, noise, or
sticky steering feel
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Steering column coupler
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Impact If the vehicle is involved in a front impact,
always inspect the steering column and
wheel Squeaking, chirping or rubbing sounds
indicate damage
Catching, binding and play indicatedamage
Especially if the airbag deploys!
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Steering ratio Steering ratio is a measurement of how many turns of
the steering wheel it takes to go from a full lock to theother full lock
Basically how many turns from all the way left to all theway right
Also measured from the center (straight) to a full lockturn
Fast ratio is 3 turns lock to lock
Slow is about 4 or 5 times lock to lock
15:1 ratiowheels move 15deg for 1 deg of steeringwheel movement
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Variable ratio steering
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Steering gear systems Recirculating ball
Rack and pinion
Power assist
Electronic assist
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Steering
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Recirculating ball Recirculating ball is used on trucks in
modern vehicles
Used on most vehicles prior to 1980 andthe use of front wheel drive
Uses balls on a worm gear
Has a pitman arm
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Recirculating ball Balls inside the gear ride inside guide
paths
Move from one end of the ball nutthrough guides, back to the bottom of thehousing
Uses a Parallelogram Linkage steeringarm system
Pitman arm moves steering tie rods
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Recirculating ball
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Recirculating ball
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Rack and pinion steering Uses a rack and pinion gear
Pinion meshes with a gear on end of
steering shaft As gear rotates, pinion rotates and
moves rack left or right
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Rack and pinion
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Rack and pinion
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Steering linkage Steering linkage is anything connected to
the wheels and the steering gear
Tie rods Steering arms
Steering knuckles
Ball joints
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Steering linkage
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Tierods Tierods are attached to pivot points on
each front wheel
The other end is attached to the steeringgear or rack
Allows for suspension movement
Used to adjust TOE of the cartires facein / \ or out \ / when driving straight
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Tierods
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Tierods
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Steering arms Tierods attach to the front wheels at the
steering arms
The steering arm is attached to thesteering knuckle, which includes the
spindle
Used to get proper steering angle duringturns
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Steering arms
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Steering knuckle andspindle
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Steering knuckle andspindle
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Ball joints Allow suspension movement up and
down, as well as turning movement
Located in control armsin lower, aswell as upper control arm if so equipped
Wear itemsneed replacement
periodically
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Ball joints
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Ball joints
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Ball joints
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Steering designs Parallelogramused on cars with
recirculating ball gear steering
Rack and pinionused on cars with asteering rack and pinion gear
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Parallelogram Uses tierods connected to a center link
Uses a pitman arm to move steering
linkage Also uses an idler arm to support the
linkage on the passenger side
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Parallelogram steering
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Pitman arm
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Rack and pinion Fewer moving parts than the recirculating
ball
Smaller and more compact Can be a center link type as well
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Rack and pinion
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Rack and pinion
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Rack and pinion
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Power steering Used to aid in steering
Can be hydraulicuses a pump driven by the
engine, or an electric motor, to pump fluidthrough the power steering rack/box to aid
driver in turning the steering wheel
Can be electricuses electric motor mounted
on rack/box to help driver turn the steeringwheel
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Power steering
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Power steering
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Electronic power steering
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wheel steering Used by some manufacturers to aid
handling
Front wheels do most of the steering At low speeds, rear wheels steer
opposite front to tighten turning radius
At high speeds, rear wheels turn withfront to improve handling and cornering
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wheel steering Can be hydraulic or electric
Front steering is usually normal power
steering Rear wheel steering can be driven
hydraulically or by electric motor
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wheel steering 3000GT VR4 All Wheel Steering demo
YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Y