document17

2719

Provide three examples of convincing evidence that children

aren't simply “small adults,” and why separate diagnostic

categories are necessary for children.

2720

List and describe five child and adolescent concerns and

stressors.

2721

Discuss the DSM-5 criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder

and Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder. Then, discuss

the concerns and status regarding the diagnosis of Bipolar

Disorder in children and adolescents.

2722

What are important criteria for differentiating oppositional

defiant disorder and conduct disorder? Discuss three causes of

conduct disorder. Lastly, discuss two treatment options for

conduct disorder.

2723

Why has attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

received a great amount of attention in recent years? What are

the symptoms of ADHD that make it so troublesome?

Whatforms of therapy are most effective? Lastly, discuss the

Ritalin controversy in your answer.

2724

Discuss the features of both enuresis and encopresis. Then

explain why we should be concerned with childhood disorders

such as enuresis and encopresis? Provide data-backed reasons

why these disorders need to be treated in childhood.

2725

Discuss the two different types of childhood abuse.

Additionally, discuss three psychological effects from abuse.

Lastly, discuss the early detection program used to address the

psychological needs of the abused.

2726

What are the distinguishing characteristics of autism

spectrum disorder? Name and discuss three areas that offer

explanations for the cause of autism spectrum disorder.

Lastly, what forms of therapy are most effective?

2727

How are autism spectrum disorder and Asperger's disorder

similar and how are they different? Discuss the recent

revisions to DSM-5's diagnosis for Asperger's disorder.

2728

First, discuss how early assessment and treatment are

important for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Then,

discuss four ways to treat autism spectrum disorder?

2729

Describe four characteristics of a typical person for each of the

four levels of intellectual developmental disorder.

2730

The fact that rates of mild intellectual developmental disorder

vary considerably across socioeconomic groups (highest rates

in lowest socioeconomic groups), while rates of other levels of

intellectual developmental disorder do not, strongly implies

that factors other than biological ones are at work in the

development of mild intellectual developmental disorder.

Discuss three nonbiological factors. What should psychologists

suggest as appropriate interventions to lessen the incidence of

mild intellectual developmental disorder in lower

socioeconomic groups?

2731

What are the arguments for and against the

institutionalization of those with moderate, severe, and

profound levels of intellectual developmental disorder?

Include three treatment possibilities in your answer.

2732

Discuss the opportunities for personal, social, and

occupational growth for the mentally retarded, including work

and love issues.

2733

The pattern of conduct disorder in which individuals display

openly aggressive and confrontational behavior is called a(an)

______ pattern.

overt-destructive (True Answer )

*

2734

Fifteen-year-old Glen has broken the law several times. He has

even spent time in a juvenile detention center. The system is

likely to label him a ______.

juvenile delinquent, recidivist (True Answer )

*

2735

The disorder in which children attend very poorly to tasks,

behave impulsively, and are excessively overactive is known as

______.

attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (True Answer )

*

2736

A young boy cannot sit still in his first-grade class. He does not

seem to be able to follow what the teacher is doing, and his

academic performance is not at grade level. Most of his time is

spent in motion. He is displaying symptoms of ______.

attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (True Answer )

*

2737

The technical term for bed-wetting in children over the age of

5 is ______.

enuresis (True Answer )

*

2738

Your 8-year-old child wets the bed, accidentally, 20 times a

month. He suffers from the elimination disorder called ______.

enuresis (True Answer )

*

2739

Bed-wetting is more common than involuntary defecation,

otherwise known as ______.

encopresis (True Answer )

*

2740

Child abuse that includes severe rejection, excessive discipline,

ridicule, and isolation is called______ abuse.

psychological (True Answer )

*

2741

Ned's parents are always criticizing him and rarely pay any

attention to him at other times. This is an example of ______

abuse.

child or psychological (True Answer )

*

2742

When a child is used as an object of gratification for adult

sexual desires, it is known as ______ abuse.

child sexual (True Answer )

*

2743

One characteristic of autism is that the child is socially _____.

unresponsive, aloof, uncommunicative (True Answer )

*

2744

Children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder often

mirror sentences or phrases spoken by others while copying

the accent or inflection but not understanding the meaning.

This phenomenon is called______.

echolalia (True Answer )

*

2745

Terry has autism spectrum disorder. When his teacher asks,

“Do you want candy?” Terry responds, “Do you want candy?”

This particular communication problem is referred to as

______.

echolalia (True Answer )

*

2746

A person with a diagnosis of ______ displays significantly

subaverage general functioning, concurrent deficits or

impairment in adaptive behavior, and develops these

symptoms before the age of 18.

intellectual developmental disorder (True Answer )

*

2747

A sixth-grade student reads slowly and has difficulty

understanding the meaning of what he reads. You have a

strong suspicion that he may suffer from ______.

disorder of written expression (True Answer )

*

2748

The learning disorder that affects reading and comprehension

is called ______.

dyslexia (True Answer )

*

2749

Children who have persistent difficulties acquiring, using, or

comprehending spoken or written language may receive a

diagnosis of ______.

language disorder, communication disorder (True Answer )

*

2750

Younger children who are clumsy and slow to master skills

such as tying shoelaces, buttoning shirts, and zipping pants,

may be given a diagnosis of ______.

developmental coordination disorder (True Answer )

*

2751

A development disorder that involves the impairment in a

child's ability to recognize words and comprehend written

language is called a developmental reading disorder, but the

more common name is ______.

dyslexia (True Answer )

*

2752

Children with ______ cannot metabolize phenylalanine

properly.

PKU,phenylketonuria (True Answer )

*

2753

The congenital disorder where there is progressive loss of

mental functioning and motor ability that is especially

common among those of Eastern European Jewish ancestry is

called ______.

Tay-Sachs disease (True Answer )

*

2754

Too little prenatal iodine results in ______ in the newborn.

cretinism (True Answer )

*

2755

When mothers drink excessive amounts of wine or beer during

pregnancy, their children may be born with serious problems

that include mental retardation, low birth weight, slow

development, and irregularities in the face or limbs. This

condition is called ______.

fetal alcohol syndrome (True Answer )

*

2756

A prolonged period without oxygen during birth is called

______.

anoxia (True Answer )

*

2757

The Scandinavian program of the 1960s and 1970s in which

individuals with intellectual development disorder were

offered living and working conditions similar to those found in

mainstream society, including flexible routines, personal

independence, and economic freedom, is called ______.

normalization (True Answer )

*

2758

In ______, children with intellectual developmental disorder

are grouped together in separate, specially designed learning

programs.

special education (True Answer )

*

2759

______ places children with intellectual developmental

disorder in regular classes with students from the general

population.

Mainstreaming, Inclusion (True Answer )

*

2760

_____ are designed to provide people with intellectual

developmental disorder opportunities to socialize with others

and normalize their romantic relationships.

Dating skills programs (True Answer )

*

2761

______ are protected and supervised workplaces that provide

training for people with intellectual developmental disorder.

Sheltered workshops (True Answer )

*

2762

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to

half of all children in the United States.

worry (True Answer )Correct

depression Incorrect

anxiety Incorrect

substance abuse Incorrect

2763

A large survey of parents and their children shows that

parents:

believe children are more concerned about school than

children are. Incorrect

believe the greatest worry children have is about their

physical appearance. Incorrect

generally underestimate how worried their children

are. (True Answer )Correct

are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's

worries. Incorrect

2764

A particular concern among children and adolescents would

be:

racism Incorrect

peer pressure to have sex Incorrect

bullying (True Answer )Correct

peer pressure to try alcohol Incorrect

2765

Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult

disorders are called:

disruptive disorders. Incorrect

anxiety disorders. Incorrect

intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect

elimination disorders. (True Answer )Correct

2766

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect

the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult

pattern?

generalized anxiety disorder Incorrect

social anxiety disorder Incorrect

phobias (True Answer )Correct

obsessive-compulsive disorder Incorrect

2767

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs

of others are different from theirs, or be able to anticipate

future negative events. Therefore:

the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from

adult symptoms. (True Answer )Correct

children do not experience phobias. Incorrect

a child cannot fully experience an anxiety

disorder. Incorrect

anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence. Incorrect

2768

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep

difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are

MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

that are appropriately treated by psychotropic

medications. Incorrect

in adolescents rather than in children. Incorrect

in children rather than in adults. (True Answer )Correct

in children of former generations rather than of the present

generation. Incorrect

2769

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems

extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches

and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it

is MOST likely:

agoraphobia Incorrect

bipolar disorder. Incorrect

dependent personality disorder. Incorrect

separation anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2770

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those

with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and

often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these

diagnoses is that:

if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal

generally recover. Incorrect

separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school

refusal does not. Incorrect

in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. Incorrect

school refusal often involves fear of others at school,

academic fear, and separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct

2771

A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her

life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work

through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is

MOST likely receiving:

cognitive therapy Incorrect

classroom therapy. Incorrect

insight therapy. Incorrect

play therapy. (True Answer )Correct

2772

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are

all reasons to explain why:

postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than

postpubertal boys. (True Answer )Correct

children of all ages have higher rates of depression than

adults. Incorrect

younger children have higher rates of depression than older

children. Incorrect

depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in

children. Incorrect

2773

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS

(Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) about

treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major

surprises. Which of the following is NOT true about the

study's findings?

A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-

behavioral therapy was most effective. Incorrect

Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than

a placebo treatment. Incorrect

Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-

behavioral therapy alone. Incorrect

The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been

overemphasized and is not that significant. (True Answer

)Correct

2774

Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family

in order to be on the Internet. Which of the following about

Internet addiction disorder is FALSE?

There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction

disorder. (True Answer )Correct

Exposure to vivid but imaginary experiences might impact

brain development in children. Incorrect

When deprived of the Internet, some of these children

become anxious or depressed. Incorrect

The Internet does not represent reality nor equip children

for dealing with reality. Incorrect

2775

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with

Depression Study) BEST support which of the following

conclusions?

Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with

adolescents because the risk for harm is too high. Incorrect

Treatment that works for one category of people may not be

effective for another category of people. (True Answer

)Correct

Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for

adolescents. Incorrect

Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with

adolescents because of their cognitive limitations. Incorrect

2776

The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar

disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of

bipolar disorder in children is:

the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. Incorrect

the use of family therapy. Incorrect

the use of adult medications. (True Answer )Correct

the use of psychodynamic therapy. Incorrect

2777

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar

disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

children display depression while adults generally do

not. Incorrect

children display more symptoms of mania than adults

do. Incorrect

a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with

the disorder. Incorrect

children display rage and aggression rather than

mania. (True Answer )Correct

2778

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all

diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5

addressed this concern by:

eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar

disorder. Incorrect

creating a new disorder called disruptive mood

dysregulation. (True Answer )Correct

not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children

reach age 18. Incorrect

dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and

one without rage. Incorrect

2779

Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor

MOST likely to say?

“The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split

between boys and girls.” Incorrect

“The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are

different.” (True Answer )Correct

“Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is

declining.” Incorrect

“Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the

age of 13.” Incorrect

2780

A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with

them constantly and will not do anything they say. They

cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to

receive is:

conduct disorder. Incorrect

juvenile delinquency. Incorrect

oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Incorrect

2781

A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with

punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break

everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to

his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is

an example of:



childhood schizophrenia. Incorrect

oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2782

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being

diagnosed with:

oppositional defiant disorder if they are

prepubertal. Incorrect

oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal. (True

Answer )Correct

conduct disorder if they are prepubertal. Incorrect

conduct disorder if they are postpubertal. Incorrect

2783

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting

neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is

aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights.

The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Incorrect

conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct

antisocial personality disorder. Incorrect

2784

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her

peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the

truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct


passive-aggressive disorder. Incorrect


2785

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes

through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and

scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which

pattern of conduct disorder?

overt-destructive Incorrect

overt-nondestructive Incorrect

covert-destructive (True Answer )Correct

covert-nondestructive Incorrect

2786

“That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically

anything, even things that don't seem to matter much.” This

behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct

disorder?


overt-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct

covert-destructive Incorrect

covert-nondestructive Incorrect

2787

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are

astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for

school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to

get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern

of conduct disorder?


overt-nondestructive Incorrect

covert-destructive Incorrect

covert-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct

2788

“Relational aggression” is a term used to describe a pattern of

aggression MOST common among:

girls diagnosed with conduct disorder. (True Answer

)Correct

boys diagnosed with conduct disorder. Incorrect

boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant

disorder. Incorrect

girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant

disorder. Incorrect

2789

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly

takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way

or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for

vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST

likely be labeled as displaying:


juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct

passive-aggressive disorder. Incorrect


2790

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third

time for shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with:

juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct


anxiety disorder. Incorrect

mood disregulation. Incorrect

2791

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:

genetic or hormonal predisposition. Incorrect

a history of child abuse. Incorrect

troubled parent?child relationships. (True Answer )Correct

poverty. Incorrect

2792

An intervention in which parents and their children who have

been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy

targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called:

parent-interaction therapy. Incorrect

video modeling. Incorrect

parent management training. (True Answer )Correct

family-consequence sensitization. Incorrect

2793

“My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder.

What do you recommend?” Of the following alternatives, your

BEST answer is:

“Video modeling works especially well with elementary

school children.” Incorrect

“Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is

well established.” Incorrect

“Parent management training should work best.” (True

Answer )Correct

“Parent-child interaction therapy would be my

recommendation.” Incorrect

2794

Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of

the following EXCEPT:

helping parents set realistic goals for their child's

behavior. Incorrect

teaching the child better skills. Incorrect

encouraging parents to not change how they act with their

child. (True Answer )Correct

teaching the parents to use fairer discipline

practices. Incorrect

2795

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is:

prevention programs. Incorrect

teaching children how to deal with their anger. Incorrect

having children live in juvenile training centers. (True

Answer )Correct

through family intervention. Incorrect

2796

“Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things

about how kids act once they leave.” Based on research, the

person who said this would be MOST accurate if she or he

were expressing reservations about:

a juvenile training center. (True Answer )Correct

treatment foster care. Incorrect

problem-solving training. Incorrect

an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect

2797

Of the following, which is MOST likely to be successful as part

of a treatment foster care program?

family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy

with the original parents Incorrect

meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if

needed Incorrect

training and treatment that involves the child, the foster

parents, and the biological parents. (True Answer )Correct

individual treatment with the child, followed by family

therapy Incorrect

2798

If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could

be confident in providing all of the following treatments

EXCEPT:

juvenile training centers. (True Answer )Correct

treatment foster care. Incorrect

anger coping programs. Incorrect

problem-solving skills training. Incorrect

2799

Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who

try to deal with bullying is that:

so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is

hard to tell who is dangerous. (True Answer )Correct

they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual

occurrence in most schools. Incorrect

there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack

them, as well as their student victims. Incorrect

students really don't rate bullying as a serious

problem. Incorrect

2800

Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to

encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is

probably part of a program called:

Self-Defense is For Everyone. Incorrect

It Gets Better. (True Answer )Correct

How to Hide Your Orientation. Incorrect

What to Say to Your Parents. Incorrect

2801

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a

treatment for conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure

that:

stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is

recommended, but not required. Incorrect

the child is a preschooler. Incorrect

the child is female. Incorrect

the interventions used are cognitive behavioral. (True

Answer )Correct

2802

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis

participates in a program designed to stop the development of

an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program

is:

the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect

one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as

Ritalin. Incorrect

Scared Straight. (True Answer )Correct

Parents and Children Anonymous. Incorrect

2803

Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty

focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive

because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in

school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate:

a conduct disorder. Incorrect

school phobia with acting out. Incorrect

dyslexia with childhood anxiety. Incorrect

attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. (True Answer

)Correct

2804

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting,

and include failure to follow instructions and finish work,

answering questions before they have been completed, and a

lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a

diagnosis of this child?

Yes; it could be a diagnosis. Incorrect

No; the child's symptoms started at too young an

age. Incorrect

No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting. (True

Answer )Correct

Yes; it could be, but only if the fidgeting is distracting to

others. Incorrect

2805

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in

______ than in ______.

boys; girls (True Answer )Correct

girls; boys Incorrect

adolescents; children Incorrect

adults; children Incorrect

2806

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit /

hyperactivity disorder have been:

behavioral and drug therapies. (True Answer )Correct

group therapy and sociotherapy. Incorrect

behavioral and group therapy. Incorrect

insight therapy and cognitive therapy. Incorrect

2807

What would be the BEST answer to give to parents of a child

recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions

about what caused it?

“It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be

corrected with surgery.” Incorrect

“Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause

ADHD.” Incorrect

“It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just

an active child.” Incorrect

“Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of

several factors.” (True Answer )Correct

2808

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following

EXCEPT:

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. (True

Answer )Correct

negative self-concept. Incorrect

dysfunctional families. Incorrect

high levels of stress. Incorrect

2809

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n):

stimulant. (True Answer )Correct

depressant. Incorrect

tranquilizer. Incorrect

antidepressant. Incorrect

2810

“What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment

program?” a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the

following alternatives is:

“Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without

drugs.” Incorrect

“Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin.” Incorrect

“Drugs work best.” (True Answer )Correct

“Drugs, combined with behavior therapy, work

best.” Incorrect

2811

The latest research on the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD

suggests which of the following?

Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done

almost exclusively on white American children. (True Answer

)Correct

Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the

use of Ritalin among adolescents. Incorrect

Fortunately, Ritalin is not effective when used as a

recreational drug. Incorrect

Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated

with Ritalin. Incorrect

2812

Compared to white American children, African American and

Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and

attention problems are:

about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely

to be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect

about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more

likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be

diagnosed with ADHD. (True Answer )Correct

more likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be

diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect

2813

Compared to white American children, African American and

Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and

attention problems are:

less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to

receive effective treatment. (True Answer )Correct

less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but more likely to

receive effective treatment. Incorrect

about equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but less

likely to receive effective treatment. Incorrect

more likely to be diagnosed for ADHD, but less likely to

receive effective treatment. Incorrect

2814

Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have

children who receive effective treatment for ADHD are:

white Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect

African Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect

white Americans who are Medicaid-insured. Incorrect

African Americans who are Medicaid-insured. (True

Answer )Correct

2815

Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the

differences between African Americans and white Americans

in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD

is:

economic factors. Incorrect

social bias. Incorrect

stereotyping. Incorrect

differences in drug tolerance. (True Answer )Correct

2816

Two children—one, African-American and the other, white

American—display exactly the same symptoms of overactivity.

What is MOST likely to happen?

They will both be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect

The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the

African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ

or substance abuse. (True Answer )Correct

The African American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and

the white American will not be diagnosed with

anything. Incorrect

Both will be diagnosed with ADHD, but it will be attributed

to medical causes for the white American and social causes for

the African American. Incorrect

2817

A 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting

apparently is beyond the child's control. The BESTdiagnosis

is:

enuresis. Incorrect

encopresis. Incorrect


no diagnosis in this case. (True Answer )Correct

2818

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the

following criteria has been met?

The children have reached an age at which they are

expected to control their bodily functions. (True Answer

)Correct

The children have a physical illness causing the

disorder. Incorrect

The children have been taking medications that are causing

the disorder. Incorrect

The children hide the disorder from their

parents. Incorrect

2819

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10

years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's

house or go to camp. His condition is called:

enuresis. (True Answer )Correct



noctural emission. Incorrect

2820

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for

the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:

psychodynamic therapy for enuresis. Incorrect

psychodynamic therapy for encopresis. Incorrect

behavioral therapy for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct

behavioral therapy for encopresis. Incorrect

2821

One useful approach to treating enuresis employs:

insight therapy. Incorrect

stimulant drugs. Incorrect

operant conditioning. Incorrect

classical conditioning. (True Answer )Correct

2822

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and

receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week,

accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired

toy. This child is undergoing:

dry-bed training for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct

dry-bed training for encopresis. Incorrect

bell-and-battery therapy for enuresis. Incorrect

bell-and-battery therapy for encopresis. Incorrect

2823

A teenager's parents are down on her all the time. When they

are not criticizing her, they ignore her. This is an example of:

punishment. Incorrect

sexual abuse. Incorrect

parental discipline. Incorrect

psychological abuse. (True Answer )Correct

2824

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor

background who was sexually abused. This case is:

common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most

common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect

fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic

group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. (True

Answer )Correct

uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most

common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect

very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the

most common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect

2825

If there were several Parents Anonymous groups in a city near

you, you could be sure that in that city:

children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were

abusing alcohol, were receiving help. Incorrect

children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were

abusing alcohol or any other drug, were receiving

help Incorrect

parents whose children were physically or verbally abusing

them were getting help. Incorrect

parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving

help. (True Answer )Correct

2826

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis

are:

medication and family therapy. Incorrect

behavioral and family therapy. Incorrect

bell and pad system. Incorrect

behavioral and medical treatments. (True Answer )Correct

2827

From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child

MOST likely to recover by adulthood?

autism spectrum and intellectual developmental

disorders Incorrect

conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities Incorrect

ADHD and separation anxiety Incorrect

enuresis and encopresis (True Answer )Correct

2828

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed

with:


ADHD. Incorrect

autism. Incorrect

separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct

2829

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism

spectrum disorder would be a:

boy under 3 years old. (True Answer )Correct

girl under 3 years old. Incorrect

boy over 5 years old. Incorrect

girl over 5 years old. Incorrect

2830

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult,

she is unable to hold a job and has very limited

communication skills. Her case is:

very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum

disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish

substantially by early adulthood. Incorrect

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum

disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe

into adulthood. (True Answer )Correct

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum

disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish

substantially by early adulthood. Incorrect

common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum

disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain

severe into adulthood. Incorrect

2831

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering

from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the

child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start

to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?

The child argues defiantly with parents. Incorrect

The child is not responsive to other people. (True Answer

)Correct

The child screams uncontrollably when separated from

parents. Incorrect

The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on

task. Incorrect

2832

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often

imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any

particular message. A child who imitates others' speech

without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be

diagnosed with:

autism spectrum disorder. (True Answer )Correct

ADHD. Incorrect

mental retardation. Incorrect

oppositional defiant disorder Incorrect

2833

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism

spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them.

This is called:

echolalia. (True Answer )Correct

neologism. Incorrect

nominal aphasia. Incorrect

pronominal reversal. Incorrect

2834

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says “You want a

drink” when he really means that he wants a drink, he is

displaying

self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect

delayed echolalia. Incorrect

limited imagination. Incorrect

pronominal reversal. (True Answer )Correct

2835

A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions

but is otherwise high functioning and would have been

diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in

DSM-5, be diagnosed with:

Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. Incorrect

autism spectrum sisorder. Incorrect

social communications sisorder. (True Answer )Correct

no disorder. Incorrect

2836

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with

tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room.

This is known as:

lack of responsiveness. Incorrect

communication difficulties. Incorrect

rigid and repetitive behavior. Incorrect

perserveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct

2837

A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much

variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular

order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them.

Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set

him off. This is an example of:

overstimulation. Incorrect

stimulus over selectivity. Incorrect

a self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect

a perseveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct

2838

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her

arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces,

the child is engaging in:

self-injurious behavior. Incorrect

self-communication behavior. Incorrect

self-motor behavior. Incorrect

self-stimulatory behavior (True Answer )Correct

2839

The BEST way to characterize children diagnosed with autism

spectrum disorder is that they:

show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to

stimuli. (True Answer )Correct

have low IQs and poor cognitive skills, but good social

skills. Incorrect

engage in excessive amounts of abstract play. Incorrect

appear to be exceptionally coordinated. Incorrect

2840

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness

that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and

not on information they have no way of knowing, is NOT

present in children with autism spectrum disorder. This

ability is called:

egocentrism. Incorrect

a theory of mind. (True Answer )Correct

social awareness. Incorrect

metacognitive knowledge. Incorrect

2841

“It is possible, even probable, that 'refrigerator parents'—

cold, rejecting, rigid—caused this disorder.” This is a

reasonable statement about the cause of many cases of:

autism. (True Answer )Correct

Asperger's disorder. Incorrect

both autism and Asperger's disorder. Incorrect

neither autism nor Asperger's disorder. Incorrect

2842

Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood,

autistic children are MORE likely to:

have parents who divorce than are “normal”

children. Incorrect

be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are

“normal” children. Incorrect

have cold, rejecting parents. Incorrect

None of the answers are true. (True Answer )Correct

2843

A child with autism is laughing, but sees another child crying.

When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with

autism is MOST likely to say:

“sadness,” because of perseveration of sameness. Incorrect

“sadness,” because of pronominal reversal. Incorrect

“happiness,” because of lack of responsiveness. Incorrect

“happiness,” because of mind-blindness. (True Answer

)Correct

2844

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried “Ouch.” A child

with autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, “No,” because he

wasn't hurt. This inability to take the perspective of another is

referred to as:

excessive logic. Incorrect

self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect

mind-blindness. (True Answer )Correct

sensory overload. Incorrect

2845

Which of the following statements reflects current research

about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder

(ASD)?

So far, researchers have found no biological causes for

ASD. Incorrect

The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's

anatomy rather than with brain functioning. Incorrect

There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a

common “brain problem.” (True Answer )Correct

Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the

cerebellum, but not the brain stem. Incorrect

2846

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the

primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:

brain abnormalities. (True Answer )Correct

personality characteristics of the parents. Incorrect

social status. Incorrect

environmental stress. Incorrect

2847

Recent studies show that children with autistic spectrum

disorder are MORE likely than other children to have

abnormalities in which section of the brain?

cerebral cortex Incorrect

corpus callosum Incorrect

cerebellum (True Answer )Correct

hypothalamus Incorrect

2848

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a

piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the

piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake.

This behavior is best described as a:

perseveration of sameness. Incorrect

repetitive and rigid behavior. Incorrect

delayed echolalia. Incorrect

savant skill. (True Answer )Correct

2849

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:

MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of

autism. Incorrect

MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the

cases of autism. Incorrect

as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their

children, the incidence of autism has declined. Incorrect

MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of

autism. (True Answer )Correct

2850

Studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the

treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that

cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test

performance. (True Answer )Correct

only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence

test performance. Incorrect

long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term

gains in intelligence test performance. Incorrect

only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term

gains in intelligence test performance. Incorrect

2851

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment

for autism has been the use of:

drug therapy. Incorrect

cognitive-behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct

educational therapy. Incorrect

psychodynamic-humanistic therapy. Incorrect

2852

The LEAP program for treating children with autism

spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of:

reinforcement principles. Incorrect

medication. Incorrect

MMR vaccinations. Incorrect

typical children as models and “teachers.” (True Answer

)Correct

2853

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a

fork on a board rather than saying, “I want food.” This child

is using:

a self-communication device. Incorrect

a token economy system. Incorrect

an augmentative communication system. (True Answer

)Correct

an integrative motor system. Incorrect

2854

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a

serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?

mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other

children Incorrect

being in special classes that operate in the school district's

own facilities Incorrect

being sent to a special school that combines treatment and

education (True Answer )Correct

being home-schooled Incorrect

2855

If a child on the autism spectrum were being encouraged to

engage in child-initiated interactions, the child would be:

making statements that the therapist would repeat word for

word. Incorrect

using a communications board to make requests

known. Incorrect

asking about things that were of particular interest to him

or her. (True Answer )Correct

engaging in play therapy with the child's parents. Incorrect

2856

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be

diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

one with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty

communicating Incorrect

one with an IQ of 85 but no other significant

difficulties Incorrect

one with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life Incorrect

one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life (True

Answer )Correct

2857

If you were trying to learn a new language and you could

understand it better than you could speak it, you would be

showing symptoms MOST like:

dyslexia. Incorrect

developmental coordination disorder. Incorrect

receptive language disorder. Incorrect

expressive language disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2858

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be

expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called:

dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct

perceptual deficit disorder. Incorrect

expressive language disorder. Incorrect

mixed receptive/expressive language disorder. Incorrect

2859

A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only

way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must

direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he

makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a

description of:

aphasia. Incorrect

dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct

echolalia. Incorrect

word blindness. Incorrect

2860

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:

strikingly impaired mathematical skills. Incorrect

having difficulty comprehending and expressing

language. Incorrect

an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to

comprehend what is being read. (True Answer )Correct

extreme and repeated errors in spelling, grammar,

punctuation, and paragraph organization. Incorrect

2861

A child displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she

does not seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions

as well as you would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she

might be diagnosed with:

dyslexia. Incorrect

a perceptual deficit. Incorrect

attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect

an expressive-language disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2862

A child has received the diagnosis of developmental

coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a

problem:

expressing himself in speech. Incorrect

reading a sentence from a book out loud. Incorrect

buttoning his shirt and dressing in general. (True Answer

)Correct

listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics

problem. Incorrect

2863

Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on

the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry.

He would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

depression Incorrect

dyslexic. Incorrect

schizophrenic. Incorrect

mentally retarded. (True Answer )Correct

2864

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at

schoolwork. However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and

is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be

considered to have intellectual developmental disorder

because:

he is too old. Incorrect

his IQ is not low enough. Incorrect

his daily functioning is adequate. (True Answer )Correct

his condition was not diagnosed before the age of

18. Incorrect

2865

The use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual

developmental disorder has been criticized for all of the

following reasons EXCEPT:

They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale

adequately. Incorrect

They are culturally biased. Incorrect

They do not measure adaptive functioning. Incorrect

They are not valid predictors of school performance. (True

Answer )Correct

2866

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to

determine intellectual developmental disorder, because

intelligence test scores:

are not positively correlated with school

performance. Incorrect

lack reliability. Incorrect

don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. (True Answer

)Correct

lack validity. Incorrect

2867

What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally

biased?

They measure “street smarts,” so rural children are

disadvantaged. Incorrect

They measure abilities that are related to having been in

school, disadvantaging home-schooled children. Incorrect

They are biased against children who have experienced a

great variety of cultures and who are bilingual. Incorrect

They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper

socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language

and typical experiences that the test evaluates. (True Answer

)Correct

2868

Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which

socioeconomic class?

lower (True Answer )Correct

middle Incorrect

upper Incorrect

Mild mental retardation is about equally common across

socioeconomic classes. Incorrect

2869

About what percentage of those diagnosed with mental

retardation fall into the category of mild intellectual

developmental disorder?

less than 10 percent Incorrect

25 percent Incorrect

55 percent Incorrect

80 to 85 percent (True Answer )Correct

2870

MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem

to be related to:

inherited traits. Incorrect

sociocultural and psychological factors. (True Answer

)Correct

fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect

organic brain syndrome. Incorrect

2871

Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have

below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide

for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never

been very good. She is at risk for:

autistic spectrum disorder. Incorrect

mild intellectual developmental disorder. (True Answer

)Correct

attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect

severe intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect

2872

Early home intervention programs for those in the “mild”

intellectual developmental disorder category:

provide little help for children because of parental

resistance. Incorrect

improve overall functioning, but do not improve later

performance in school and in adulthood. Incorrect

do not improve overall functioning, but do improve later

performance in school and in adulthood Incorrect

improve both overall functioning, and later performance in

school and in adulthood. (True Answer )Correct

2873

The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual

developmental disorder from mild to profound:

increases steadily as the intelligence level

decreases. Incorrect

decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. (True

Answer )Correct

stays about the same as the intelligence level

decreases. Incorrect

is highest for the “moderate intellectual developmental

disorder” level. Incorrect

2874

If one knew nothing more than that the person with

intellectual developmental disorder also had extensive and

severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps, the

MOST likely estimate of that person's level of mental

retardation would be:

mild. Incorrect

mild or moderate. Incorrect

moderate or severe. Incorrect

severe or profound. (True Answer )Correct

2875

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems

that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be

diagnosed with which level of intellectual developmental

disorder?

mild Incorrect

moderate Incorrect

severe or profound (True Answer )Correct

They are likely to be diagnosed as having no intellectual

development disorder. Incorrect

2876

Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of

which level of intellectual developmental disorder?

profound Incorrect

moderate Incorrect

mild (True Answer )Correct

Biological factors are the most important causes of all of

these levels of mental retardation. Incorrect

2877

MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the:

trisomy 21 type. (True Answer )Correct

mosaicism type. Incorrect

age-related type. Incorrect

translocation type. Incorrect

2878

Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a

small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her

condition is MOST likely:

PKU. Incorrect

Down syndrome. (True Answer )Correct

Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect

fragile X syndrome. Incorrect

2879

The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of

Down syndrome is:

trisomy 21. (True Answer )Correct

mosaicism. Incorrect

translocation. Incorrect

PKU. Incorrect

2880

Individuals with Down syndrome:

have a different range of personality characteristics just as

do those in the general population without Down

syndrome. Incorrect

have a similar range of personality characteristics as do

those in the general population without Down

syndrome. Incorrect

have the same range of personality characteristics as do

those in the general population without Down

syndrome. (True Answer )Correct

have a range of personality characteristics similar to those

of people with fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect

2881

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees

of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and

behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with:

trisomy 21. Incorrect

Down syndrome. Incorrect

phenylketonuria. Incorrect

fragile X syndrome. (True Answer )Correct

2882

An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages,

her physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that

she loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies.

Most likely, she was suffering from:

Tay-Sachs disease. (True Answer )Correct


fragile X syndrome. Incorrect

phenylketonuria (PKU). Incorrect

2883

Which of the following do phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs

disease have in common?

Both can be detected at birth and treated. Incorrect

Both are caused by a double recessive gene. (True Answer

)Correct

Both are metabolic defects involving an amino

acid. Incorrect

People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at

increased risk for both. Incorrect

2884

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead

to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance

and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called:

cretinism. (True Answer )Correct

encephalitis. Incorrect


Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect

2885

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal

alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while

pregnant has been established. (True Answer )Correct

avoid only binge drinking, since only binge drinking is

associated with FAS. Incorrect

drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol

per day. Incorrect

drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol

per day. Incorrect

2886

Most colleges and universities now require students to have a

meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis

can lead to:

cretinism. Incorrect


autism. Incorrect

intellectual development disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2887

Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental

disorder, involves brain damage resulting from:

ingestion of lead-based paint. Incorrect

lack of oxygen during or after delivery. (True Answer

)Correct

poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates. Incorrect

seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust

fumes. Incorrect

2888

In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat

paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to

intellectual developmental disorder due of:

meningitis. Incorrect


microcephaly. Incorrect

lead poisoning. (True Answer )Correct

2889

During the 1960s and 1970s, the criteria for remaining in state

schools changed, and many individuals with intellectual

developmental disorders were released into the community.

This is an example of:

deinstitutionalization. (True Answer )Correct

a normalization program. Incorrect

mainstreaming. Incorrect

special education. Incorrect

2890

MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live:

at home. (True Answer )Correct

in “normalization” residences. Incorrect

in relatively small, county-run institutions. Incorrect

in relatively large, state-run institutions. Incorrect

2891

Nations that pioneered “normalization” in the treatment of

intellectual developmental disorder include:

the United States and Canada. Incorrect

the former Soviet Union and China. Incorrect

Japan and Great Britain. Incorrect

Denmark and Sweden. (True Answer )Correct

2892

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual

developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses

herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders

breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered

workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her

apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part

of:

deinstitutionalization. Incorrect

a normalization program. (True Answer )Correct


special education. Incorrect

2893

A child is in public school, but he is grouped with other low-IQ

children like him. He and his classmates have a specially

designed program that is different from that of the other

children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of:


special education. (True Answer )Correct

deinstitutionalization. Incorrect

a normalization program. Incorrect

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