17.1 2015 the renaissance
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 17: The European
Renaissance and Reformation,
1300-1600
“Living, I despise what melancholy fate
has brought us wretches in these evil years.
Long before my birth time smiled and may again,
for once there was, and yet will be, more joyful days.
But in this middle age time's dregs sweep 'round us, and we bend
beneath a heavy load of vice.
Genius, virtue, glory now have gone, leaving chance and sloth to rule.
Shameful vision this! We must awake or die. “
--- Petrarch
(1304-1374)
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The European Renaissance
"Renaissance," French for
"rebirth," describes the
intellectual, artistic, and
economic changes that
occurred in Europe from
1300-1600.
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Where did the Renaissance
begin? The European Renaissance
began in northern Italy, and
was based in three
independent cities;
Florence, Venice, and
Milan.
The Renaissance ideas
would eventually spread
into northern Europe as
England and France fought
the 100 years war.
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So what caused the Renaissance?
Recovery from the Black Death led to new commercial ventures & economic opportunity
Contact with Muslims in Spain & the Middle East led to revival of classical texts
Increased wealth led to patronage of the arts and learning
The spirit of Renaissance society was secular-worldly, concerned with here and now
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HUMANISM Humanism was the intellectual movement based on the
study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature.
Focused on human potential and achievement
Petrarch, the “Father of Humanism”
collected Latin manuscripts and taught
that scholars should analyze the world
around them and not rely solely on faith.
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Medieval Art
* Focused on religion
* No nude forms
* No human emotion
* Heavy use of dull colors
* No backgrounds
* No true depth perspective
Here are some examples of art
from the Middle Ages…
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Byzantine depiction of Christ
What colors are predominant?What expression does Christ show?
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St. Francis of Assisi
Note the expression on the face of
St. Francis.
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Medieval Madonna and Child
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Another Medieval Madonna and Child
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Characteristics of Renaissance Art
►More sophisticated display of the human form (proportion, emotion, appreciation of the body, natural poses, beauty)
► Masaccio – 1427
► “Expulsion from the Garden”
► First nudes since classical times
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Characteristics of Renaissance Art
► Use of linear perspective –indicates three dimensions
► Masaccio – “The Trinity”
What you are, I once was; what I am,
you will become.
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Artemesia
Gentileschi-
trained with her
father and helped
with his work-
painted pictures
of strong heroic
women.
“Judith Slaying
Holofernes”
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Sofonisba
Anguissola-
first woman
artist to gain
an
international
reputation.
“Self-Portrait”
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Famous Renaissance Artists:“The Ninja Turtles”
►Donatello c.1386-1466
►Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519
►Michelangelo 1475-1564
►Raphael 1483-1520
►Botticelli 1445-1510
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Donatello’s David
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Leonardo da Vinci Sketches
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The Last Supper
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► The Mona Lisa – by Leonardo Da Vinci
► Very small painting, only about 12” x 18”.
► The mystery of this woman still exists today.
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Michelangelo The Sistine Chapel Ceiling
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Michelangelo’s David
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Michelangelo’s
Pieta
Located in St. Peter’s Basilica – The Vatican
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St. Peter’s Basilica
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Raphael’s Self-Portrait
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The School of Athens
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Plato and Aristotle
Eratosthenes
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Two Madonnas by Raphael
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La Primavera by Botticelli
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“The Birth of Venus” by Botticelli
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Northern Renaissance Artists
►Jan Van Eyck c.1390-1441
►Albrecht Durer 1471-1528
►Hans Holbein 1497-1543
►Pieter Brueghel 1525-1569
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Jan Van Eyck
c.1390-1441
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Wedding Portrait by Van
Eyck
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Albrecht Durer “Portrait at 28”
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Knight, Death, and Devil
Bunny Rabbit
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Hans Holbein
King Henry VIII
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Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Three of Henry’s wives
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Peasant’s Dance by Pieter Brueghel
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Peasant’s Wedding
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Renaissance Literature
• Previously, writing was done in Latin. Advantage: it was the scholarly language that scholars knew even when their respective local languages were different.
• Disadvantage: the commoners didn’t know it.
• So, authors started writing in the vernacular of their regions.