17.1 BirthplaceRenaissance Birthplace – Italy Suffering leads to need for new/classical

ideas Questioned the church on why they had to

suffer Medieval ideas blocked social advancement Renaissance means “rebirth”

Why Italy?

Bubonic Plague And Crusade Effects How did the Crusades affect the Renaissance?

Trade caused cities to spring up around northern Italy

How did the Bubonic Plague affect the Renaissance movement? Killed 60% of the population in the cities With fewer laborers – demanded higher wages Reduced population shrunk opportunities for

business expansion Wealthy merchants began to pursue other things

like art

Medici Family Because of the increased trade due to the

Crusades, the merchant class was the wealthiest

Merchants did not inherit status – but felt they deserved it because of what they had accomplished on their own

Medici family wealthiest Basically a dictator Supported the arts

INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT = THEME

Classical Ideas and Humanism They studied classical ideas: Greek and Roman Classical ideas led to humanism

Human potential and achievement Encouraged studies of history, literature,

philosophy = humanities Were secular – remained devout Catholics, but

felt that people could enjoy life without offending God

Popes and wealthy merchants became patrons

“Renaissance Man” Was educated in many areas Expected to create art

Renaissance Women- know the classics- be charming- not seek fame- inspire art not create it

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art and Writing Teenaged Mutant Ninja Turtles (But not

really) Machiavelli

The Prince

17. 2 Northern Renaissance By 1400’s the spread of the Renaissance

reached Northern Europe Merchants carried the ideas north 100 Year’s War had ended Population from the Bubonic Plague was

recovering Cities and wealth grew Patrons began to sponsor artists and

writers

France and England were under monarchs – unlike Italy

Rulers and wealthy merchants began to sponsor artists France invites da Vinci to retire there

Royal Courts- Played role in spread of Renaissance ideas- Every court wanted to be on the cutting edge

Renaissance Ideas of the North Renaissance ideas mingled with

northern traditions Were more concerned with religious ideas

than secular ideas of Italy This caused a push for religious reform

based on Christian values HUMAN DIGNITY = Theme

Students fleeing a French invasion of Italy carry ideas to Northern Europe

Christian Humanists Erasmus

“The Praise of Folly” Thomas Moore

“Utopia” Shakespeare

Elizabethan Age

Gutenberg’s Printing Press Presses paper against a tray full of

linked movable type Allowed hundreds of copies of the same

page Affordable for all Spread ideas Many books were in vernacular – so even

those not classically educated could read them

Gutenberg’s Bible Used his printing press to print the

complete Bible First full sized book printed with movable

type Bible eventually printed in vernacular

Allowed people to interpret the Bible for themselves and they became more critical of priests and their behavior

Leads to demands for religious reform

Renaissance Legacy Democracy

17.3 The Reformation Starts By the 10th Century the Church had

come to dominate life in Northern and Western Europe

The people began to resent the church and criticized the rule

Causes Secular ideas Rulers (political) wanted to challenge

the pope Northern merchants did not want to pay

taxes to Rome Many Problems in the church

(corruption, scandal)

Early Calls for Reform Wycliffe and Bohemia

Challenged Pope’s worldly power Bible had more authority than the church

Savonarola Preached reform (burn worldly goods)

Martin Luther Protested Sales of Indulgences 95 Theses

Asked people to debate his claims Luther became famous Churches followed The Reformation begins

Opposition to Luther The Pope

Threated to excommunicate Luther The Holy Roman Emperor

Threatened to imprison Luther The Diet and Edict of Worms

Luther was not intimidated

England Becomes Protestant Henry the 8th wants a divorce

Pope says no Henry Challenged

Mary (Henry’s Daughter) restores Catholicism

Elizabeth I takes over (deposing Mary) and restores Protestantism.

After Restoring England Elizabeth faced an attack from Spain.

Elizabeth supported Protestant rebellion in Spain Spain Lost

Elizabeth was a moderately successful ruler Money was an issue

17.4 More Protestant Churches Calvin and his teachings

“Institutes of the Christian Religion” Predestination

Calvin Runs Geneva Strict rules, dire consequences

Calvinism Spreads John Knox visited Geneva and liked the

Calvinist way of life. Took it back to Scotland= Presbyterianism

Similar beliefs spread to Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers

Still exists today but softened

The Anabaptists “Baptize again” Protestants and Catholics felt threated

by them so they were persecuted Influenced the Amish, Quakers and

Baptists

Women of the Reformation They were known for influencing their

reformer husbands and protecting them such as the case for John Calvin

Still discouraged from being leaders

The Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola

Jesuits They founded schools throughout

Europe Trained in theology and classical studies Went on missions Attempted to stop the spread of

Protestanism

Reforming Popes Pope Paul III

Investigates Indulgences Inquisition Council of Trent

Pope Paul IV Index of Forbidden Books

Legacy of the Reformation Protestants flourished despite

persecution Religion no longer united Europe Paved the way for modern Nation States Helped set the stage for the modern

world