17 romantic era

7/29/2019 17 Romantic Era

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Romantic Period


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Romantic Period

Suppressed revolution

French emotional reactionMiddle class dominance

Underclass causes adoptedFrustrations caused by Napoleon

Revolution of 1848


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Principles of the Romantic Era

Restriction no longer important

Emphasis on emotion rather thanreason

Nationalism Stories depicted

Nature in a mystical way Exotic


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"The use ofromanticin English goes back to the 17C when it was usedto denote imagination and inventiveness in storytelling and, soon after,

to characterize scenery and paintings. It served as a synonym toharmonious, picturesque. At the core of the epithet, obviously, is aproper name: Rome, Roman. From the start, the image is many-sided.Centuries after the fall of the empire, the vernacular spoken along theMediterranean was no longer vulgar Latin but a variable dialect called

roman. From it came French, Spanish, Italian, and other romancelanguages.. After a time, roman was applied to tales written in thatdialect as spoken inn southern France. These tales were often aboutlove and adventure, as contrasted with epic narratives or satires. InFrench today the word for novel is still roman, while in English aromance is one kind of novel and by further extension one kind of loveaffair... In the last years of the 18C, Romanticgenerated the -ist formto designate those dissatisfied with the neo-classic style andenthusiastic about new forms in art and thought... The one link

between the temper of the period and the original meaning of the wordis that Romanticism validated passion and risk. The two are inevitablyconnected; but as we shall see, they neither exclude reason, noroverlook the real. On the contrary, the spirit of adventure inRomanticism aims at enlarging experience by exploring the real."

Barzun, Jacques, From Dawn to Decadence, Perennial, 2000, p467-8.


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Characteristics of Music

Departure from Classical era

Message in the music (One worddescription?) Haydn vs. Beethoven

Beethovens 5th in minor/major key Loss of power in the major

Beethovens 5th in style of Haydn

Loss of power

Use of dynamics

Orchestra grew in size


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Characteristics of Music

Emotional directions

Folk songs Longer symphonies

Virtuosos

Underlying themes carried throughout thesymphony

Beethovens 5th 1st Theme (dark)

2nd Theme (light)

3rd

Movement (theme revisited) Triumph of light


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Beethoven

Bridged Classical andRomantic periods

Form used contextually Motifs

Works as attempts for

perfection Manifested Romantic ideal

Pastoral, Symphony No. 6

Symphony 9, Ode to Joy Eroica

Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor,

Pathetique


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Hector Berlioz

French composer

Story printed in program Symphonie Fantastique

Requiem


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Franz Schubert

Vienna Austria

Child prodigy Wrote liedersongs with

emotional theme

Erlknig Song cycle

Wrote for fewer instruments Unfinished Symphony

Symphony in C major

Many works were lost


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Felix Mendelssohn

Early life

Tried to preserve Classicalstyle

Brought Bach out of obscurity Symphonies were classical

form and romantic tone

Midsummer Nights Dream


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Nicolo Paganini

Italian

Violin virtuosos Ghoulish appearance

The Cannon


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Frederic Chopin

Child prodigy

Sickly his whole life Made money by giving

piano concerts Composed mazurkas,

preludes and polonaisesEtude Opus 10

Polonaise in A flat major

Minute Waltz


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Franz Liszt

Hungarian child prodigy

Greatest showman Kind to other musicians

Several love affairs Les Preludes

Hungarian Rhapsody 2 Wilde Jagd


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Richard Wagner

German nationalism

Not a prodigy Immoral life

Ludwig II

Opera Leitmotif

Depicted myths and heroes Die Walkre (Ride of the Valkyries)

Tannhuser (end of the overture)

Tristan and Isolde (Unresolved Liebestod)


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Giuseppe Verdi

Greatest Italian style opera

Aida La Traviata

Rigoletto

La Donna e Mobile

Innovation

Focus on human emotion

De-emphasis on bel-canto style Rossini: Barber of Seville

Excellent librettos

Orchestra an important component


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Bedrich Smetana

Czech

Bartered Bride Die Moldau

River running through Prague


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Johann Strauss

Father was excellent

composer Played in fathers orchestra

More popular than his father Waltzes

Embodiment of Viennese lifeBlue Danube Waltz

Tales of the Vienna Woods


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Johann Brahms

German

Imitated Beethoven Mentored by Robert and Clara

Schumann Hungarian Dance #5


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Russian Composers

Moussorgsky,Balakirev, Borodin, Cui,

Rimsky-KorsakovRussian Easter Overture

Used Russian themes Helped each other

Flight of the Bumble Bee Night on Bald Mountain

Almaty, Kazakhstan


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Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky

Russian

Used French style Ballets are most famous

Nutcracker, Sleeping BeautyRomeo and Juliet

Deep emotion for his sad lifeSymphony No. 6 Pathtique


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Edvard Grieg

Norwegian

Peer GyntHall of the Mountain King


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Antonin Dvorak

Czech

Inspired by Smetana Head of Conservatory in

Prague Director of a NY music

conservatory3 years

Composed New World

Symphony


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Gustav Mahler

Jewish

The Hunters FuneralProcession


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Principles of Art

Abandoned strict rules of neoclassical

Conveyed personal feeling of artist Used nationalism

Depicted the exotic Landscapes became important


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"If you want to do art

you must first study therules, second study thegreat masters, thirdforget the rules,because genius begins

where trite rules endbut you can't get thereuntil you've obeyed the

rules first." Sir Joshua Reynolds

(1723-1792)


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Francisco Goya -

Classical Period


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Franciso Goya Romantic Period3rdof May 1808


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Goya

Saturn DevouringOne of His Sons


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Eugene Delacroix

Liberty Leading the People

l i


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Delacroix

The Death of Sardanapalus


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Joseph Mallord William Turner

The Fighting "Temeraire"


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Joseph Mallord William Turner

The Slave Ship


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"From the early 16C to the end of the 18Ccommon opinion held that religious and

history painting were the highest genres.The one edified, the other reminded; bothdecorated. Portraits came next, landscapeslagged behind. For nature was not yetloved for itself alone. In the early

Renaissance it served as a backgroundonly, and even then it was 'humanized' bythe presence of temples, columns, or other

architectural fragments, along with actualfigures."

Barzun, Jacques, From Dawn to Decadence,

Perennial, 2000, p71.


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John ConstableHay Wain


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Literature


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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Raised the level of

German literature The Sufferings of Young

Werther Dr. Faustus


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Sir Walter Scott

Scotland

Historical novels Influenced by Goethe

Popular in his own life Ivanhoe

Lady of the Lake


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William Wordsworth

Samuel Taylor Coleridge English

Lyrical balladsRime of the Ancient Mariner

Themes: relationship betweenhumans and nature


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Lord Byron

Art was an inner expression

Participation in revolutions Strong personality

Italy and Switzerland Childe Harold

The Flying Dutchman The Wandering Jew


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Percy Bysshe Shelley

English

Strongly liberal Friends with Lord Byron

Married Mary WollstonecraftFrankenstein


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Leo Tolstoy

Russian

War and PeaceAnna Karenina

Born to nobility but livedon simple farm

Freed the serfs


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Victor Hugo

Son of Napoleonic general

Involved in French politics Les Miserables

Hunchback of Notre Dame


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Alexandre Dumas

Imitated style of Scott

Novels supportedextravagant life

Employed several people Count of Monte Cristo

The Three Musketeers The Man in the Iron Mask


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Thank You

17 romantic era

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