17-1 the fossil record. a fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. a fossil...

17-1 The Fossil Record

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17-1 The Fossil Record

A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a carbon signature, etc.

More than 99% of every species that has ever appeared on Earth have gone extinct.

Page 3: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Fossils form when an organism dies and is buried by sedimentary rock. As the rock layers deepen, the pressure, moisture, and chemical activities turn an organism’s remains to rock. Conditions have to be perfect for a fossil to form.

Page 4: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

How Fossils Form

• Fossil Formation Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas.

Page 5: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

How Fossils FormDead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock.

Page 6: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

How Fossils FormThe preserved remains may be later discovered and studied.

Page 7: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Trilobite (Asaphus kowalewskii) – Ordovician Period

Page 8: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Ginkgo biloba – Living fossil

Page 9: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Fossils are interpreted in two ways:

1.Relative dating determines the age of a fossil by comparing the rock it’s formed in to neighboring layers of rock. Index fossils are those that are created from an easily recognized species that existed for a short period of time over a wide geographic range.

Page 10: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Index Fossils

Page 11: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

2. Radioactive dating involves measuring the amount of radioactive isotopes in samples of rock. The half-life is the length of time for half of these atoms to decay.

Page 12: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Evolutionary time can be represented in geologic time scales. Each major time span is divided into eras, then eras are subdivided into periods.

Study the three eras (p.421), know their order and roughly what life appeared in each.

Page 13: 17-1 The Fossil Record. A fossil is defined as any evidence of life that existed long ago. A fossil can be a plant, an animal, a footprint, an egg, a

Exit Slip

Many more types of fossils have been found since Darwin’s day, allowing several gaps in the fossil record to be filled. How might this information make relative dating more accurate?

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