16ls01 big buzz on tall wood 2 hour - woodworks.org...1. review the historical context for tall...

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BigBuzzonTallWood

TheWho,What,When,Where,WhyandHowonHigh-riseMassTimberBuildings

PresentedbyWoodWorks forNon-residentialConstruction

“TheWoodProductsCouncil” isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.

ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACES forcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.__________________________________

Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.

AIAContinuingEducation

CourseDescription

Asexamplesofsuccessfultallwoodbuildingsproliferateworldwide,manyU.S.architectsareconsideringhowtoleveragewood’ssustainabilityandotheradvantagesthroughtheirowntallwooddesigns.Intendedasapracticaloverviewforthoseinterestedinpursuingwood’spotential,thispresentationwillcoverthe“who,what,whenandwhere”ofmasstimberbuildings.Followingabriefdiscussionofhistoryandmotivators,existingtallwoodprojectswillbeusedtoillustratemasstimberandhybridcomponents,high-risestructuraldesignconcepts,andlessonslearnedregardingcostandschedule.Topicswillalsoincludebuildingcodeavenuesforalternatedesigns,andavailableresourcesandsupport.

LearningObjectives

1. Reviewthehistoricalcontextfortalltimberstructures,andconsidertheconstructionandsustainabilitymotivatorsdrivingmodernexamples.

2. Discoverthevarietyofstructuralcomponentsusedinmasstimberandhybridprojectsand,throughaseriesofstudies,learnhowtheycanbeassembledintosystemsthataddressrealarchitecturalandstructuraldesignconstraints.

3. Basedonsurveysdoneonbuiltprojects,understandwhatlessonshavebeenlearnedandpotentialimpactstocostandschedule.

4. Realizetheconstructionandsustainabilitymotivatorsforpursuitoftallwoodstructuresandbecomefamiliarwithavailabledesignguidanceandresearch.

Outline

• Who,What,WhenandWhere• HistoricExamples• ModernBuiltProjects

• Why• Motivators• StakeholderSupport

• How• OverviewofSolidWoodSystems• High-riseStructuralDesignConcepts• AvenuesforAlternateDesign

IsTallWoodaNewConcept?

1 0 5 6 YINGXIANPAGODA,SHANXICHINA

1 3 T H C E N T U R Y HEDDALSTAVECHURCH,NOTODDEN,NORWAY

1 6 T H C E N T U R Y KIZHIPOGOST,KIZHI,RUSSIA

Size:7Stories(atstreet)9stories(atwaterfront)Over175,000sf

1 9 0 5T H E L A N D I N G , VANCOUVER,CANADA Source:AStudyonHistoricalTall-WoodBuildingsinTorontoandVancouver

1 8 8 9 - 1 9 2 0TORONTOCARPETFACTORY,TORONTO,CANADA

PROJECTSIZE:8buildingsCoverscityblock312Ksftotal

LARGESTBLDG:6stories190Ksf

THEN:CarpetFactory

NOW:OfficeComplex

Source:AStudyonHistoricalTall-WoodBuildingsinTorontoandVancouver

ButlerBrothersBuilding,MinneapolisMN

1 9 0 6BUT LER SQUARE ,MINNEAPOLIS,MM

1 9 0 6BUT LER SQUARE ,MINNEAPOLIS,MM

Size:9Stories500,000sf

Then:Warehouse

Now:OfficeaboveRetailbelow

TallWoodProjects

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

2013 2013 2014 2015

TallWoodProjects

GERMANY SWEDEN UK GERMANY AUSTRIA

ITALY SWITZERLAND CANADA NORWAY

TallWoodProjects

7Stories 8Stories/78 ft 8Stories/87ft 8Stories/70ft 8Stories/88ft

2 0 0 8E3

BERLIN,GERMANY7STORIES13.6KSQ.FT.

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014Architect:KadenKlingbell ArchitektenEngineer:BoisConsultNatterer

2 0 0 9LIMNOLOGEN

VAXJO,SWEDEN4BUILDINGS8STORIES78FT

115KSQ.FT.

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014Architect:Arkitekbolaget,Kronoberg,MartinsonsEngineer:Martinsons Byggsystem KB

2 0 0 9STADTHAUSLONDON,UK9STORIES

Architect:WaughThisleton ArchitectsPhotoCredit:

2 0 1 0BRIDPORT HOUSE , HACKNEYLONDON,UK

8STORIES87FT~17KSF

ARCHITECT:Karakusevic CarsonENGINEER:PeterBrettAssociates

2 0 1 1H O L Z 8

BADAIBLING,GERMANY8STORIES70FT

~19KSQ.FT.

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014ARCHITECT:Shankula ArchitektenENGINEER:Bauart Konstruktions GmbH&Co

2 0 1 2L C T 1

DORNBIRN,AUSTRIA8STORIES88.5FT

~17SQ.FT.ARCHITECT:HermannKaufmannENGINEER:Merz Kley Partner

2 0 1 3CENNIDECAMBIAMENTO

M I L A N , I T A L Y9STORIES92FT

~183KSQ.FT.


2 0 1 3TAMEDIA

HEADQUARTERS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND

6STORIES75FT

~96KSQ.FT.Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014

ARCHITECT:ShigeruBan&IttenBrechbuhlENGINEER:CreationHolz GmbH

2 0 1 3FORTE’

MELBOURNEAUSTRALIA10STORIES

DESIGNBUILDER:LendLeasePhotoCredit:LendLease

2 0 1 4WOODINNOVATIONDESIGNCENTRE,

PRINCE GEORGE , CANADA6STORIES96FT~51KSF

ARCHITECT:MichaelGreenArchitectureENGINEER:EquilibriumEngineeringPHOTOCREDIT:Ema Peters

2 0 1 5TREETAPARTMENTS,BERGEN,NORWAY

14STORIES173FT

~63KSQ.FT.

Source:TowardTallerWoodBuildingsSymposium2014ARCHITECT:ArtecENGINEER:Sweco

TallWoodProjects

?

S T A R T E D J U L Y 2 0 1 5D A L S T O N L A N ELONDON,UK ENGINEER:Romboll UKLimited

ARCHITECT:ActonOstry ArchitectsENGINEER:Fast+Epp

S T A R T E D N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 5B R O C K C O M M O N SBRITISHCOLUMBIA,CANADA

2 0 1 5REDSTONEARESENALCANDLEWOODSUITESHOTELHUNTSVILLE,AL DESIGN/BUILD:LendLease

U N D E R C O N S T R U C T I O NT 3 O F F I C EMINNEAPOLIS,MN

ARCHITECT:MichaelGreen/DLRGroupENGINEER:MagnussonKlemencic Associates

USDASupport– TallWoodCompetition• Originallya$2millionProjectCompetition• Somanyhighqualitysubmissionsresultedin2projects

awarded$1.5millioneach• FundingprovidedbyjointeffortbetweenSoftwood

LumberBoard,Binational SoftwoodLumberCouncilandUSDA

Source:reThinkWood

TallWoodWinner– Portland,OR

Framework:AnUrban+RuralEcology

· Location:PearlDistrict,Portland,OR· Height:130’/12stories· TotalBuildingArea: 90,000squarefeet· BuildingUses:Ground floor retail;5office

floors;5apartmentfloors;Rooftopamenity· Materials:Crosslaminatedtimberfloors

andlateralforceresistingsystem;Gluelaminatedbeamsandcolumns

· ProjectedCompletionDate:December2017

OWNER:BeneficialStateBancorpARCHITECT:LEVERArchitectureENGINEER:KPFF Source:reThinkWood

TallWoodWinner– NewYork,NY

475West18th:SettingtheStageforInnovation,EngineeringandArchitecture· Location:WestChelsea,Manhattan,NY· Height:120’/10stories· TotalBuildingArea: 50,000squarefeet· BuildingUses:Residentialcondominium

withground floorcommercialspace· Materials:Masstimbercolumns,

beams,shearwallsandfloors· ProjectedConstructionStartDate:Fall

2016

OWNER:Spiritos PropertiesARCHITECT:SHoP ArchitectsENGINEER:ARUP Source:reThinkWood

Outline

• Who,What,WhenandWhere• HistoricExamples• ModernCaseStudies

• Why• Motivators• GovernmentSupport


EvolutiontoHigh-rise

Source:reThinkWood

GlobalPopulationBoom

GlobalPopulation7.3billionnow

9.7billionby205033%increase

UrbanPopulation6.4billionby2050

62%increaseSource:UnitedNationsDepartment

ofEconomicandSocialAffairs

TrendsinUSPopulation

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

In1920, the urbanand rural populationwere about equal

In2000, it is about80% urban

UrbanRural

Source:USCensusBureau

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

ImprovedSustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility

ValuablePerformance

• ~75%lighterthanconcrete• Reducedconstructiontime• Pre-fabricatedandPrecise

ConstructionEfficiencies

BenefitsofWoodConstruction

StakeholdersSupportingTallWood

Designers Contractors

Government Industry

TallWoodMotivators– DesignTeam

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014

TallWoodMotivators– Owner/Developer


TallWoodMotivators


• MarketLeadership• CarbonReduction• EnergyPerformance

PrimaryMotivators

• StructuralPerformance- Lightweight

• SpeedofConstruction• Aesthetic

SecondaryMotivators

MarketLeadership

CarbonReduction

Stadhaus,London,UKArchitect:WaughThistletonArchitectsPhotocredit:WaughThistletonArchitects

Volume of wood used 950m3

Carbonsequesteredandstored(CO2e) 660metrictonsAvoidedgreenhousegases(CO2e) 225metrictonsTotal potential carbon benefit(CO2e) 915metrictonsCarbonsavingsfromthechoiceofwoodinthisonebuildingareequivalentto:

175passengervehiclesofftheroadforayear

Enough energy to operate ahome for 79 years

EnergyPerformance

0100200300400500

Wood Concrete Steel

ThermalResistance

*NormalizedComparisonSource:ThermalPerformanceofLightframedSystems,CWC

StructuralPerformance

Forte’,VictoriaHarbor,Melbourne,AustraliaArchitect:LendLease

SpeedofConstruction

Stadhaus,London,UKArchitect:WaughThistletonArchitectsPhotocredit:WaughThistletonArchitects http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJHeLyFASEI

SpeedofConstruction


SpeedofConstruction- TimeisMoney

Source:SolidWoodConstruction: ProcessPracticePerformance,Smith,GriffinRice,2015

SpeedofConstruciton- TimeisMoney


Aesthetics

ARCHITECT:MichaelGreenArchitectureENGINEER:EquilibriumEngineeringPHOTOCREDIT:Ema PeterPhotography

GovernmentSupport

“Buildingstrongermarketsforinnovativewoodproductswill

supportsustainableforestry,reducegreenhousegasemissions, andputruralAmericaattheforefrontofan

emergingindustry”TomVilsack – AgricultureSecretary

DispellingMythsaboutWoodProductsUSForestLands

US/StateForestLand

Source:http://awc.org/publicpolicy/statefactsheets

USForestLand

ForestArea intheUnitedStates1630-2007

1045

759 760 756 761 744 738 747 749 751

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1630 1907 1938 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 2007

Thou

sand

Acres

Source:USDA-ForestService,GeneralTechnicalReportWO-78.(2009).

103.7 128.3 163 190 214.3 217.6148.5

174.1223.4

244.6256.4 268

363.7363.2

346.7347

365.1 370.5

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002

Inventory(billioncubicfeet)

USTimberVolume onTimberLand

North South West

USForestLand

Source:USDA-ForestService,USForestResourceFactsandHistoricalTrendsFS-801.(2004).

WesternUSWildFireEpidemic

Fire readiness and suppression has gonefrom 20% oftheFS budget in 2001 to 52% in 2015. It is not

uncommon tospend $1 million per hour fighting fires.

Source:USForestService–http://www.fs.fed.us/about-agency/budget-performance/cost-fire-operations

AverageUSAcreageBurnedinWildFire


ShiftinForestServiceStaffing


InsectandDiseaseRiskMap

Inter-MountainWestInsectDevastation

Source:IDS- InsectandDiseaseSurveyUSDAForestHealthProtection

WhyUSDAChampionsTallWood




USContributesHighlytoWorldEmissions

NetCarbonEmissionsLCAofMaterials:CarbonEmissions

Source:2006USEPADatabase

USEPA (2006)

USEPA (2006)

Material

Process Emissions (kg CO2e/ kg of

product)

Process Emissions Including Carbon

Storage within Material (kg CO2e/ kg of product)

Framing lumber 0.12* -1.68

Concrete 0.12 0.12

Concrete block 0.14 0.14

Brick 0.32 0.32

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) 0.32 -1.47

Recycled steel (avg recy content) 0.81 0.81

Glass (not including primary mfg.) 0.57 0.57

Cement (Portland, masonry) 0.97 0.97

Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content) 1.13 1.13

Vinyl -- 1.00

Steel (virgin) 2.55 2.55

Aluminum (virgin) 16.60 16.60

Carbon content of 49% assumed for wood. (measured values range from about 47-52%)

DramaticPotentialforChange

100%

TheTimberdesignhasamuchlowerCarbonFootprint

41% 77% 20%

StandardMaterials SustainableMaterials

Source:TimberTowerResearchProject,Skidmore,Owings andMerrill,May2013

WhyUSDAChampionsTallWood




USEconomicImpact

US/StateEconomicImpact

Source:http://awc.org/publicpolicy/statefactsheets

Outline

• Who,What,WhenandWhere• HistoricExamples• ModernCaseStudies

• Why• Motivators• USDASupport


MassTimberBuildingSystems

SolidTimberPanelProducts

GlueLaminatedTimber

Considerations:

• Gappanelsfordimensionalchange

• NeedWoodStructuralPanelfordiaphragmcapacity

• Inconsistentlaminationgrades

• Manufacturerseverywhere

Graphic Credit: StructureCraft

Architect:Manasc IsaacEngineer:Fast+Epp

MOSAICCENTREENMONTON,ABCANADA

PhotoCredit:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography

SAUTERTIMBERPRODUCTIONFACILITYROCKWOOD,TNUSA


Considerations:• Spanusuallygovernedby

vibrations• Dimensionallystable• Recognizedby2015codes

andstandards• Highinplaneshear

capacity• DualDirectionalspan

capabilitiesCrossLaminatedTimber


http://www.cbbt.se/website3/1.0.3.0/28/FULLTEXT01.pdfArchitect:Arkitekbolaget,Kronoberg,MartinsonsEngineer:Martinsons Byggsystem KB

ARCHITECT:Karakusevic CarsonENGINEER:PeterBrettAssociates


Considerations:• Requiresaccommodation

fordimensionalchange• Needwoodstructural

panelfordiaphragmcapacity

• Recognizedasaheavytimberfloorsystem

• LonghistoryofuseNailLaminatedTimber


http://www.brettstapel.org/Brettstapel/What_is_it.html

Architect:KadenKlingbell ArchitektenEngineer:BoisConsultNatterer Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014

SamuelBridghouse Elemenary School,RichmondBC,CanadaDesing Team:Perkins+WillCanada,Fast+EppPhotoCredit:StephanPasche

Architect:MillerHullPartnershipLivingBuildingChallengeBuilding

Completed2013

Architect:ProsceniumArchitectureandInteriorsMountainEquipmentCo-opHeadOffice


Considerations:• Establisheddesign

properties• Speciallyorderedbut

multipledomesticmanufacturers

• Horizontalapplicationsdon’ttakeadvantageofthestrengthdirection

• Relativelydimensionallystable

• LimitedThicknesses

LaminatedVeneerLumber


Metropol Parasol,Seville,SpainDesignTeam:J.MayerH.Architects,ARUPConsultingEngineersPhotoCredit:ARUP


Considerations:

• Establisheddesignproperties

• Speciallyorderedbutmultipledomesticmanufacturers

• Relativelydimensionallystable

LaminatedStrandLumber


UBCEarthScienceBuilding,Vancouver,CanadaARCHITECT:Perkins+WillENGINEER:Equilibrium


Wood/ConcreteComposites


Considerations:

• Connectionneedstobecarefullydesigned

• Difficulttoensuredesigncapacityifconcreteispouredonsite

• Detailneedstoaccommodatethemoistureconflictbetweenthematerials

UBCEarthScienceBuilding,Vancouver,CanadaARCHITECT:Perkins+WillENGINEER:EquilibriumPhotoCredit:Structurlam

ARCHITECT:HermannKaufmannENGINEER:Merz Kley PartnerPHOTOCREDIT:CREE

OtherMassTimberSystems

• FoldedPlates

• SolidWoodCore

• TimberBracedFrames

• TimberTrusses

• RockingWallSystems

• Post-TensionedFrames

• Wood/WoodCompositeSystems

OtherMassTimberSystems

Source:TowardTallerWoodBuildingsSymposium2014ARCHITECT:ArtecENGINEER:Sweco

Source:TowardTallerWoodBuildingsSymposium2014

ARCHITECT:MichaelGreenArchitectureENGINEER:EquilibriumEngineeringPHOTOCREDIT:

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014ARCHITECT:ShigeruBan&IttenBrechbuhlENGINEER:CreationHolz GmbH

High-riseStructuralDesignConcepts

LifeCycleTowerSystem

LifeCycleTowerby Cree GmbhEngineering:ArupArchitect:HermanKaufmann

www.creebyrhomberg.com

LifeCycleTower

• Designedtobemanufacturedregionally

• Upto30Stories

LifeCycleTower

HybridPanelizedFloorSystem

LifeCycleTower

FFTTSystem

TallWoodTheCaseforTallWoodBuildings(2012)Engineer:EricKarsh

EquilibriumArchitect:MichaelGreen

MichaelGreenArchitecture30StoriesinVancouver

mg-architecture.ca/portfolio/tallwood/

*(FFTT=Finding theForestThrough theTrees)

FFTTSystem

• DesignedforVancouver,BC• Upto30Stories

FFTTSystem - Layout1

Layout1:StructuralCore

MassTimberWalls

GlulamColumns

MassTimberFloors

FFTTSystem– Layout1

GlulamPerimeterBeams

SteelInteriorBeams

CLTFloorPanels

FFTTSystem– Layout1

CLTWalls

TypicalCoreWallSystem

SteelBeams

Strong-ColumnWeak-BeamSystem

FFTTSystem• BalloonFramed• OffsiteComponents• Tilt-Up

ConstructionSequence

FFTTSystem

StructuralSection3.6

ProposedTowerSolutions:3.4

SOMTimberTower

TimberTowerResearchProject

Skidmore,Owings,&Merrill LLPMay2013

www.som.com/publication/timber-tower-research-project

SOMTimberTower

Dewitt-ChestnutApartments:• DesignedbySOM• Chicago,IL• Completedin1966• 42Stories• 395ft tall+parapets• Concreteframebuilding

Source:SOMTimberTowerResearchProject,May2013

BenchmarkBuilding

SOMTimberTower

SOMTimberTower• Redesignofsamebuilding• CLTandGlu-Lamframingand

walls

Source:SOMTimberTowerResearchProject,May2013

PrototypeBuilding

SOMTimberTower

SOMTimberTower

ConcreteJointedTimberFrame

SOMTimberTower

Material BenchmarkConcreteBuilding

PrototypeTimberTower

StructureWood - 0.80cuft/sfConcrete 0.98cuft/sf 0.25cuft/sfWood + Conc 0.98cuft/sf 1.05cuft/sfReinforcement 5.9psf 1.7psfStructural steel - 0.3psf

FoundationsConcrete 0.14cuft/sf 0.09cuft/sfReinforcement 0.1psf 0.1psf

DeadWeight 18lb/ft3 7lb/ft3

BillofMaterials*Volumesbasedon initialstudywithoutcompositefloors

40Storey OfficeBuildingoftheFuture

CEIArchitectureRJCConsultingEngineers2012

www.ceiarchitecture.com/project/naiop-design-competition-2012/

FlexibleOfficeShellandCore

150 ft x 90 ft open floor plan

HybridFloorandFramingHybridConcreteoverWoodFloor

PerimeterWoodTrusses

ConcreteCoreandColumns

UniqueFloorFraming

Courtesy CEI Architecture

Courtesy CEI Architecture

ModularDesign,SkyGardens

MassTimberHigh-RiseResearch

MuseumTowerApartments• DesignedbyPerkins+Will• LosAngeles,CA• 20Stories• 12unitsperfloor• 190’-1”overallheight• 8’-0”unitinteriorheight• Concreteframebuilding

Source:MassTimberHigh-RiseResearchMuseumTowerinLosAngelesReimagined,

2015SEAOCConvention

BenchmarkBuilding


• Redesignofsamebuildingwithimprovements

• Beamlessfloor(twowayCLTslab)• Overallheightincreasedby4’-10”

PrototypeBuilding

Source:MassTimberHigh-RiseResearchMuseumTowerinLosAngelesReimagined,2015SEAOCConvention


CompositeFloorSystem



Additionallayersprovidedforvibrationanddeflectiondoubleas2hrfireresistance



BucklingRestrainedBracedFrame


FireResistanceforType1Equivalence

AlternateDesignPaths


Source:A

ctonOstryArchitectsINC

StructuralAlternates• Rigidvs.FlexibleDiaphragm• CalculatingDeflection

• CompositeAction• SeismicResistanceFactors• ConnectionPerformance

FireAlternates• TypeIequivalence• Non-Combustible

equivalence• Accommodationsfor

additionalfuelload• UtilizingCalculationswith

verificationofTesting

• ConnectionProtectionMethods

• Beltandsuspendersmentality

AlternateDesignPaths

Observations

- TimberHigh-Riseslookfeasible!- Prototypetimberdesignsnot100%wood.- Masstimberproductsakeyenabler

LessonsLearned

SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings,2014

LessonsLearned

Commonfactorsofsuccess:• Commitmenttoawood

solutionearly• Businesscaseandbudgets

recognizedinvestmentininnovation

• Alignmentofvisionacrossentireteam

• EarlyengagementandbuyinfromAHJ

• Constructionteamandsupplierinvolvedearly

Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings, 2014

LessonsLearned

DesignandDetailing:• Additionaldesign

developmenttimewasgivenatthebeginningtoresolvedesigndetails

• AHJ’softenhaddirectinputindevelopmentofalternatedetails

• Duringconstruction,AHJ’ssawadditionalneedforspecialdetailing.

• Focusonsimplesolutions.Source:SurveyofInternationalTallWoodBuildings, 2014

LessonsLearned

AchievingApproval:• Testingformaterialsand

assemblieswascommon• Onsiteinspectionswere

crucial• Intwocases,fireprotection

strategiesweresimplifiedastheprojectprogressed.


LessonsLearned


Conclusion

-DickDusseldorp (LendLeaseFounder1973)

Questions?ThisconcludesTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystemsCourse

WoodWorks –WoodProductsCouncilwww.woodworks.org

16ls01 big buzz on tall wood 2 hour - woodworks.org...1. review the historical context for tall...

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