1/6/2016 nursery history, - auburn university

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Nursery Cooperative, Nursery History, and

Current Seedling Production

Tom StarkeyAuburn University

Southern Forest Nursery

Management Cooperative

From Hernández; G, and others. 2015. Forest nursery seedlingproduction in the United States – fiscal year 2015. Tree Planters’ Notes. 58 (2): 28‐32.

FY 2014 – 1.2 Billion

Total Seedling Production for US

The south accounts for what percent of total

US production?

Northeast

North CentralGreat PlainsIntermountain

Southwest

Northwest

Southeast

Region* BarerootBareroot %

by regionContainer

Container %

by region

Total seedling

produced

Total %

by region

Southern 822,815,000 86% 192,750,000 68% 1,015,564,000 82%

Northeast 12,179,000 1.3% 737,500 0.3% 12,917,000 1%

North Central 62,480,000 6.5% 10,288,000 3.6% 72,768,000 6%

Great Plains 3.067,000 0.3% 1,058,000 0.4% 4,125,000 0.3%

Intermountain 1,875,000 0.2% 4,816,000 1.7% 6,691,000 0.5%

Pacific Northwest 58,634,000 6.1% 56,579,000 20% 115,214,000 9%

Pacific Southwest ‐ ‐ 16,382,000 5.8% 16,382,000 1.2%

Region Totals 961,051,000 282,610,000 1,243,661,000

How Many Seedlings Do We Grow?

from : Hernández; G, Harper, R.A.; Woodruff, K.J.; Enebak, S.; Overton, R.P.; Lesko, J.; Haase, D. L. 2013. Forest nursery seedling production in the United States – fiscal year 2014. Tree Planters’ Notes. 58(2): 28‐32

FY 2014

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What 4 states (in order) produce the most seedlings?

(FY2014)

Seedling Production: 1997-2014

Data from USFS, GFC and Nursery Cooperative

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Research Centers inSFWS ‐ AU

1. Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit

2. Forest Policy Center

3. The Center for Forest Sustainability

4. Center for Longleaf Pine Ecosystems

5. The Forest Health Cooperative

6. Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative

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THE SOUTHERN FOREST NURSERY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE

Headquarters: School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University

Staff:Dr. Scott Enebak – Director & ProfessorDr. Tom Starkey – Research Fellow Dr. Ryan Nadel - Post Doc

Barry Brooks – Research AssistantNina Payne – Research Assistant

Elizabeth Bowersocks – Outreach Assistant

MISSION STATEMENT

The mission of the Nursery Coop is to develop and disseminate

1.

2.

3.

in an integrated system for the economical production and utilization of forest tree seedlings in the southern United States.

Forest Nursery Company Trivia

• Which of the following companies do not grow seedlings?

1. Joshua Timber Company

2. Weyerhaeuser

3. Rayonier

4. Plum Creek

5. International Paper Co

6. Smurfit Stone

7. Campbell Group

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Membership 2016

States Industry Private

Arkansas Plum Creek International Forest CoGeorgia Rayonier ArborgenLouisiana Weyerhaeuser Campbell GroupNorth Carolina WesterveltOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennessee FederalVirginia US Forest Service

16 Members

Industry:NurseryCompany LandOwns a Mill

Private:NurseryNo Company LandNo Mill

PAST INDUSTRIAL MEMBERS

1984 1994 2004

Bowater Bowater Intern. PaperBrunswick Champion Joshua Timber.Buckeye Georgia‐Pacific Mead/WestvacoChampion Intern. Paper Plum CreekContinental Jefferson Smur. RayonierContainer Kimberly‐Clark Smurfit‐StoneGeorgia Kraft MacMillan Blod. WeyerhaeuserGreat South. RayonierHammermill Temple InlandIntern. Paper TennecoITT Rayonier Union Camp 2009Kimberly‐Clark Westvaco Plum CreekMacMillan‐Blod. Weyerhaeuser RayonierSt. Regis Smurfit‐ StoneTemple Eastex WeyerhaeuserTennessee Riv.Union CampWestvacoWeyerhaeuser

19 137

4


______ bareroot and container nurseries from VA. to TX.

Our member nurseries grow ______% of all trees grown for reforestation in the Southern United States.

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Since 1972 the Coop has addressed:

1. Pest (weed, insects and disease) problems; 2. Seedling quality and out-planting survival

strategies ; 3. Represented the Nursery Community to

EPA, USDA, APHIS regarding policy decisions affecting nursery business.


2015:

Outplanting – Weevil/insect damage, anaerobic seedlings, freeze injury, possible herbicide damageImproper planting

Nurseries – irrigation related problems, herbicide injury, fertilizer damage, nematodes, diseases, weeds, insects and mycorrhizae related problems,nursery design issues

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A typical nursery with weed competition ~ 1970 ‐ 1980’s

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MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Herbicide labeling

Goal Reflex

Cobra Stinger

Ronstar Devrinol

Poast Barricade

Estimated reduction in nursery weed control costs of 2 million dollars annually (based on 1975 costs)

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Nursery Coop efforts lead to the labeling of triadimefon (Bayleton ®) for Fusiform rust ‐ Cronartium quercumf.sp. fusiforme ‐ control in nurseries.

•Best estimates indicate rust incidence fell from 2.5% to 0.01% of all seedlings.

•Pesticide usage fell from 4 lbs/ac/yr to less than 1 lb/ac/yr

Dec 2011, Obtained registration of Proline® (prothioconazole)

METHYL BROMIDE

MBR ‐ Backbone of nursery pest control

Soil borne pathogens

Pine weed control (particularly nutsedge)

Hardwood weed control

Seedling quality improvement

Nematodes

MANDATORY PRODUCTION PHASE‐OUT IN 2005 THROUGH INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO PROTECT THE OZONE LAYER

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METHYL BROMIDE

The Coop has coordinated a $2,800,000 + research program over the past 20 years to find a methyl bromide substitute.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Liaison to the Environmental Protection Agency for the Nursery Community.

• Crop Profile

• Regulatory questions

• Pesticide labels

• New Chemistry

• Re‐registration

• Methyl Bromide Issues

FUTURE COOP ISSUES

Research Priorities

Methyl bromide substitution

Nutsedge & weed control

Rust control (2008/11 ‐ Proline®)

Fertilization

Seedling quality & survival

Biological treatments

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An Historical Look at Nursery Establishment

in the South

Tom StarkeyAuburn University

Southern Forest Nursery

Management Cooperative

First Forest “Nursery” in the South

• Santa Rosa Island, FL (near Pensacola, FL)

• 1827‐ live oak ‐ Quercus virginiana .

Laws/Acts that impactedforestry & nursery industry

1. 1891 – Forest Reserve Act– Authorized withdrawing land from public domain as “forest

reserves”– Managed by Department of Interior

2. 1905 – Transfer Act– National forests were transferred from DOI to DOA ‐ USFS

3. 1911 – Weeks Act– Foundational Act– Allowed US Govt agencies to purchase land for conservation– Provided for cooperation of Federal and State agencies for fire

control– Major national forest under the Weeks Act are the: Allegheny

National Forest, White Mountain National Forest, Green Mountain National Forest, Pisgah National Forest, George Washington National Forest, and Ottawa National Forest.

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Laws/Acts that impactedthe nursery industry

4. 1924 – Clark‐McNary Act– Expanded Weeks Act

– Allowed USFS to purchase land near existing national forest

– Provided for _____________________Nursery development

5. 1956 – Soil Bank Act– Provided for expansion of State nurseries

– Expanded ____________________

– Pulp & Paper companies established _________________________________________________

First Privately Owned Forest Nursery in the South

• 1889 – __________________________@ Asheville, NC• Managed by Dr Carl Schenck

– Founder of Biltmore Forest School (1898), the first applied forestry school in the US

• Destroyed by a flood in 1916

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First USFS Nursery in the South

• In 1933, the USFS established the _______________________ at Pollock, LA.

• The nursery closed in 1964.

First Southern “State” Nurseries

AL Sumter 1926

AR Bluff City 1941

FL Raiford 1929

GA Albany 1932

KY Gibertsville 1956

LA Woodworth 1925

MS Hot Coffee 1939

NC Clayton 1930’s

OK Stillwater 1926

SC Camden 1930

TN Clinton 1935

TX Conroe – Kirbyville 1926

VA 3 Nurseries in state <1949

First Industrial (Company) Nursery

• 1919 ‐ _________________________________ established the first industrial nursery in the South in Bogalusa, LA.

• The company established a tree nursery at Bogalusa. During 1928‐29 6,000,000 slash pine seedlings were planted on 7000 acres of cut‐over forest land. Trees are planted 900 to the acre

• Slash cone/seed brought in from GA

• It closed in 1931.

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From “Bogalusa Story by” C. W. Goodyear

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First Industry Nurseries by StateAL Coosa River 1953

AR Weyerhaeuser 1972

FL Rayonier 1950

GA CCC and Brunswick 1956

LA Great Southern Lumber 1919

MS Gaylord Container 1953

NC Federal Paper 1958

OK Weyerhaeuser 1974

SC Westvaco 1969

TN Bowater 1960

TX Stillman 1958

VA Continental Can Company (CCC) 1959

1950 ‐1980

• Forest Service continued its involvement in nursery research, but forestry schools, some state and industry assumed the lead.

• Most notably – Auburn

– MSU

– UGA

– Vir Div of Forestry

– Weyerhaeuser

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Philip Wakeley“Father of Reforestation”

• 1902‐1983

• 1924 USFS – Southern Forest ExptStation ‐ Bogalusa, LA Great Southern Lumber Co

• Efforts to understand southern pine seed development, collection, nursery culture

• Stuart Nursery

• 1954, published Planting the Southern Pines, provided the modern foundation for southern pine nursery development and plantation establishment

2014 - 2015

NURSERY PRODUCTION SURVEY

Scott Enebak

November 2015

Conifer Production by Stock: 2013-14

Conifer ProductionPercent Change from Last Year

Bareroot Stock 795,082,000 + 0.3%

Container Stock 208,055,000 + 8.8%

Total Conifer 1,003,137,000 + 1.2%

Table 1, 2 & 3

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Conifer Production: 2013-2014

~_________% of Loblolly pine produced is bareroot stock~90% of Slash pine produced is bareroot stock~_______% of Longleaf pine produced is container stock

Species Production Percent Change from Last Year

Loblolly Pine 778,057,000 + 4.1 %

Slash Pine 100,710,000 + 0.8%

Longleaf Pine 107,757,000 ‐ 3.1 %

Table 1, 2 & 3

Conifer Production: 2014-2015

Table 1, 2 & 3

2014‐

2015

2013‐

2014

2012‐

2013

2011‐

2012

2010‐

2011

2009‐

2010

2008‐

2009

Loblolly 78% 77% 76% 75% 80% 79% 83%

Slash 10% 10% 9% 9% 11% 11% 10%

Longleaf 11% 11% 12% 13% 5% 8% 6%

Total 99% 98% 97% 98% 97% 98% 99%

Production by Ownership Category: CONIFERS

Table 7

2014‐2014 2013‐2014

Production Percent Production Percent

Bareroot

State 75,533,000 10 90,320,000 11

Private 386,864,000 49 337,978,000 43

Industry 329,683,000 41 364,284,000 46

Container

State 9,732,000 5 9,831,000 5

Private 182,837,000 88 160,168,000 84

Industry 15,486,000 7 21,120,000 11

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RESULTS – Hardwood Production

Hardwood Production

Percent Change from Last Year

Bareroot Stock 27,279,000 ‐ 5%

Container Stock 804,000 ‐ 48%

Total Hardwood 28,083,000 ‐ 7%

Table 4, 5 & 6

Production by Ownership Category: Hardwoods

Table 7

2014‐2015 2013‐2014

Production Percent Production Percent

Bareroot

State 12,544,000 44 9,845,000 34

Private 11,150,000 40 16,374,000 57

Industry 3,723,000 13 2,482,000 9

Container

State 8,000 1 17,000 1

Private 796,000 99 1,514,000 97

Industry 0 0 31,000 2

RESULTS - Hardwood production

Table 6

2014‐15 2013‐14 2012‐13

Dogwood 402,000 386,000 817,000

Eucalyptus 502,000 1,512,000 1,832,000

Green Ash 907,000 1,461,000 1,189,000

Oak 18,210,000 16,544,000 24,053,000

Misc. Species 5,437,000 7,557,000 6,763,000

Pecan 712,000 656,000 977,000

Sweetgum 571,000 930,000 1,472,000

Sycamore 621,000 606,000 2,294,000

Walnut 158,000 178,000 192,000

Yellow Poplar 563,000 435,000 437,000

Total 28,083,000 30,265,000 40,026,000

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Production by : ALL SPECIES

Table 10

2013‐2014

Conifers 1,003,131,000 _______%

Hardwoods 28,221,000 _______%

Total 1,031,355,000

Production by State - All species

Table 11

AU Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative Members

- All species & stock types

Nursery Cooperative Members comprise 83% of all regional seedling production.

Nursery Cooperative Members comprised 90% of bareroot seedlings and 52% of container seedlings.

Table 12

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Seedling Production: 1997-2014

Data from USFS, GFC and Nursery Cooperative

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-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

1925

1927

1929

1931

1933

1935

1937

1939

1941

1943

1945

1947

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Acr

es P

lan

ted

Data from USFS and GFC

Southern Seedling Planting all Owners & all States: 1925-2009

Soil Bank CRP

NRCS & CRP

QUESTIONS?

1/6/2016 nursery history, - auburn university

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