16.1 chapter 16 cellular telephone and satellite networks copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies,...
TRANSCRIPT
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16.1
Chapter 16
Cellular Telephone
and Satellite Networks
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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16.2
16-1 CELLULAR TELEPHONY
Cellular telephony is designed to provide communications between two moving units, called
mobile stations (MSs), or between one mobile unit and one stationary unit, often called a land
unit.
Frequency-Reuse Principle
Transmitting
Receiving
Roaming
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Topics discussed in this section:
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16.3
Figure 16.1 Cellular system
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16.4
Figure 16.2 Frequency reuse patterns
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16.5
AMPS is an analog cellular phone system using FDMA.
Note
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16.6
Figure 16.3 Cellular bands for AMPS
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16.7
Figure 16.4 AMPS reverse communication band
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16.8
Figure 16.5 Second-generation cellular phone systems
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16.9
Figure 16.6 D-AMPS
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16.10
D-AMPS, or IS-136, is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and
FDMA.
Note
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16.11
Figure 16.7 GSM bands
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16.12
Figure 16.8 GSM
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16.13
Figure 16.9 Multiframe components
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16.14
GSM is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.
Note
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16.15
Figure 16.10 IS-95 forward transmission
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16.16
Figure 16.11 IS-95 reverse transmission
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16.17
IS-95 is a digital cellular phone system using CDMA/DSSS and FDMA.
Note
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16.18
The main goal of third-generation cellular telephony is to provide
universal personal communication.
Note
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16.19
Figure 16.12 IMT-2000 radio interfaces
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16.20
16-2 SATELLITE NETWORKS
A satellite network is a combination of nodes, some of which are satellites, that provides
communication from one point on the Earth to another. A node in the network can be a
satellite, an Earth station, or an end-user terminal or telephone.
Orbits
Footprint
Three Categories of Satellites
GEO Satellites
MEO Satellites
LEO Satellites
Topics discussed in this section:
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16.21
Figure 16.13 Satellite orbits
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16.22
What is the period of the Moon, according to Kepler’s law?
Example 16.1
Here C is a constant approximately equal to 1/100. The period is in seconds and the distance in
kilometers.
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16.23
Example 16.1 (continued)
Solution
The Moon is located approximately 384,000 km above the Earth. The radius of the Earth is 6378
km. Applying the formula, we get.
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16.24
According to Kepler’s law, what is the period of a satellite that is located at an orbit approximately
35,786 km above the Earth?
Example 16.2
Solution
Applying the formula, we get
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16.25
This means that a satellite located at 35,786 km has a period of 24 h, which is the same as the
rotation period of the Earth. A satellite like this is said to be stationary to the Earth. The orbit, as we
will see, is called a geosynchronous orbit.
Example 16.2 (continued)
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16.26
Figure 16.14 Satellite categories
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16.27
Figure 16.15 Satellite orbit altitudes
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16.28
Table 16.1 Satellite frequency bands
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16.29
Figure 16.16 Satellites in geostationary orbit
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16.30
Figure 16.17 Orbits for global positioning system (GPS) satellites
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16.31
Figure 16.18 Trilateration
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16.32
Figure 16.19 LEO satellite system
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16.33
Figure 16.20 Iridium constellation
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16.34
The Iridium system has 66 satellites in six LEO orbits, each at an
altitude of 750 km.
Note
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16.35
Iridium is designed to provide direct worldwide voice and data
communication using
handheld terminals, a service similar to cellular telephony but on a
global scale.
Note
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16.36
Figure 16.20 Teledesic
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16.37
Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO orbits, each at an altitude of
1350 km.
Note