15 '& * & .* $ ' .*...the bones of the floor of the skull form three step-like...
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From the superior view only 4 bones Are seen. The paired parietal bones meet at the midline sagittal suture. The coronal suture separates the frontal bone from the anterior aspect of the parietal bones. The lambdoidal suture separates the occipital bone from the posterior aspect of the parietal bones Small bones trapped in the suture Are referred to as sutural bones
ct
frontal
parietal parietal
occipital
lambdoidal suture
coronal suture
or
With the calvarium (the skull cap) removed, you can see the role the bones of the skull play in forming the floor of the cranial cavity.
frontal
parietal
sphenoid
occipital
ethmoid
temporal
The bones of the floor of the skull form three step-like depressions (fossae): - the anterior cranial fossa (houses the frontal lobe of the brain) - the middle cranial fossa (houses the temporal lobe of the brain - the posterior cranial fossa (houses the cerebellum)
anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
cerebellum
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mastoid process
styloid process external acoustic meatus
zygomatic process
styloid
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perpendicular plate of the
ethmoid
sphenoidal air sinus
frontal air
sinus
hypophyseal fossa fo
cristae galli
sp
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foramen magnum
cribriform plate hypophyseal fossa
f
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Maxillary sinus
Ethmoid
Vomer
Inferior nasal
concha
Middle nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
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alveolar process
mandibular condyle
coronoid process
The hyoid bone is referred to as a “floating bone” as it does not directly articulate with any other bone but is held in place with muscles and membranes. The larynx is suspended from the hyoid. The hyoid is composed of:
- body - greater horn (cornu) - lesser horn (cornu)
larynx
body lesser horn
greater horn
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C1 – C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
coccyx
cervical thoracic lumbar
C1 “Atlas” C2 “Axis”
The thoracic cage is composed of a series of 12 ribs that articulate posteriorly with the vertebra, and when extending anteriorly either join the sternum via a costal cartilage, or join a common costal cartilage which then articulates with the sternum.
ribs
sternum
costal cartilage
common costal
cartilage
ge
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The pectoral girdle (that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton) is composed of two bones: - the clavicle (anteriorly) - the scapula (posteriorly) The clavicle (a) extends between the sternum and the acromion of the scapula.
• The adult pelvic girdle is composed of three bones: a right and left hip bone (os coxae) and the intervening sacrum – which is a component of the axial skeleton.
• The two hip bones are held together anteriorly by a very stout pubic symphysis (fibrocartilage joint).
• Posteriorly there is a sacroiliac joint on each side of the sacrum.
sacrum
left hip bone
right hip bone
sacroiliac joints
pubic symphysis
• Each hip bone (os coxae) is formed embryologically from three bones:
- ilum
- ischium
- pubis
• The bones fuse in the central region of the acetabulum (little vinegar cup) where the head of the femur inserts at the hip joint.
ilium
acetabulum
pubis
ischium
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Muscles Acting on the Scapula
trapezius
rhomboids
levator scapulae
rhom
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
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The Lower Appendicular Musculature
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