gross anatomy of temporal and infratemporal fossae
TRANSCRIPT
GROSS ANATOMY OF TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL FOSSAE
ATIBA, P.M.
TEMPORAL FOSSA
• Is a depression on the temporal region.
• Receives contribution from frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones.
• Superior to infratemporal fossa,
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Borders
• Superiorly and Posteriorly – Superior temporal line.
• Inferiorly – Zygomatic arch
• Anteriorly – frontal process of the zygoma and zygomatic process of frontal bone
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Contents
• Muscle
• Blood Vessels
• Nerves
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Muscle
• Temporalis
• Origin: Inferior temporal line of temporal fossa, temporal fascia
• Insertion: Apex and medial surface of coronoid process of mandible
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Muscle
• Innervation: Deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)
• Action: Elevates mandible (anterior fibres); retracts mandible (posterior part)
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Blood Vessels
• Superficial temporal artery – courses above the superficial temporal fascia. Gives off medial temporal artery to the temporal muscle (frontal and parietal branches –scalp).
• Superior temporal vein accompany the artery.
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Nerves
• The fossa contains four branches from four different nerve bundles. The terminal branches include:
• Branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)
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Nerves
• The auriculotemporal nerve.
• The temporal branches of facial nerve.
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Infratemporal fossa
• Is an irregular shaped space below the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible.
• Continues inferiorly with temporal fossa.
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Borders
• Superior- Greater wing of the sphenoid
• Inferior: medial pterygoid muscle
• Lateral: medial surface of ramus of the mandible
• Medial: lateral plate of sphenoid bone
• Posterior: Mastoid and styloid process
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Contents
• Nerves
• Blood vessels
• Muscles
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Muscles
• Superior head of the lateral pterygoid
• Inferior head of the lateral pterygoid
• Deep head of the medial pterygoid
• Superficial head of the medial pterygoid
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Nerves
• Mandibular nerve –branch of trigeminal nerve
• Enters the fossa via foramen ovale, gives off sensory and motor branches.
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• Branches arising from the trunk
• Spinous nerve
• Medial pterygoid nerve
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• Anterior branches
• Buccal nerve
• Masseteric nerve
• Deep temporal nerves
• Lateral pterygoid nerve
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• Posterior branches
• Auriculotemporal nerve
• Lingual nerve
• Inferior alveolar nerve
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• The spinous nerve passes through the spinous foramen and enters the cranium. It innervates the dura mater.
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• The medial pterygoid nerve- medial pterygoid, tensor velipalatini and tensor tympani muscles.
• Buccal nerve- inner surface of the cheek.
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Branches within Infratemporal fossa
• Masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves, lateral pterygoid nerve innervates muscles with same name.
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Auriculotemporal nerve
• Gives sensory fibres to the auricle and temporal region
• Sends sensory fibres to the TMJ.
• Conveys postsynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibresfrom otic ganglion to the parotid gland.
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Inferior Alveolar nerve
• Enters the mandibular foramen and passes through the mandibular canal, forming the inferior dental plexus, which sends branches to all mandibular teeth on its side.
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Inferior alveolar nerve
• The terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is the mental nerve which passes through the mental foramen.
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Lingual nerve
• Gives sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and the lingual gingivae
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Chorda tympani nerve
• Branch of CN VII; carries taste fibresfrom anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
• Joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa
• Secretomotor fibres for submandibular and sublingual glands.
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Otic ganglion (parasympathetic)
• Located in the infratemporal fossa, just inferior to the foramen ovale.
• Presynaptic parasympathetic fibresderived mainly from CNIX (lesser petrosal nerve), synapse in the otic ganglion
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Otic ganglion (parasympathetic)
• Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres, secretory to the parotid gland, pass from the oticganglion to this gland through the auriculotemporal nerve.
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Vasculature
• Maxillary artery- in this fossa, middle meningeal artery, passes through the superior border via foramen spinosum.
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Pterygoid venous plexus
• Drains the eye and is directly connected to the cavernous sinus.
• Provides a potential route for infections of the face to spread intracranially.
• Maxillary vein
• Middle Meningeal veinGross anatomy of temporal and infratemporal fossae 29
Applied anatomy
• The pterion is an important structure in cranial anatomy
• Point where temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bones meet and its weakest spot on skull
• Trauma can lead to extradural haematoma
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