14 february 2019 for the 55 mw waste to energy plant based...

AG Dauters Waste Processing Private Limited B2, Dhawan Deep Building, 6 Jantar Mantar Road, New Delhi-110001, India Phone : +91-11-9811573730 · email : [email protected] • www.agdauters.com

14th March 2019 The Member Secretary Thermal Power Committee Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Govt. of India, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan Jor Bagh Road, New Delhi-110003

Proposal No: IA/DL/THE/84113/2018 Reply of queries raised as mentioned in Minutes of Meeting held on 22nd February 2019 for the 55 MW Waste to Energy Plant based on 200 TPD Municipal Solid Waste using Cold Plasma Technology at Gazipur Sanitary Landfill (East Delhi Municipal Corporation) by M/s A.G. Dauters Waste Processing Private Limited – Terms of Reference regarding.

Dear Sir,

We are thankful for allowing us an opportunity for making presentation on 22nd Feb, 2019 before granting Term of Reference for aforesaid project. Specific queries have been made and documented in the minutes and reply to those queries is as follows :

Q 1 (a) : What is the medium / kind of plasma ? A1(a): In our technology, it is not “medium”, but rather transient gaseous states/phases which are converted to plasma during/within the plasma-formulation process.Term “plasma” is the form of the fuel. The medium is aqueous plasma. There are many forms of the word “plasma”, but in our case, it’s an aqueous medium of dissolved solids that have been converted to hydrogen and oxygen in a stabilized form, which remains liquid and non-volatile at room temperature. Typical liquid hydrogen fuel needs to be chilled to remain as a liquid. In simple terms it can be described as : Water with enriched quantity of stabilized hydrogen, with built-in oxidizer (similar to rocket fuel).


Q1 (b) : Power required to create the plasma and how it is done A1 (b) : Reserve Fuel: To start the turbine, small quantity (1-2 litres) of reserve liquid synthetic fuel (LT UltraFUEL™) is used. Ignition For Reserve Fuel Combustion: The fuel combusts only under high-enthalpy (pressure/temp) conditions. Fuel is injected as a pressurized, atomized spray into the turbine region that is down-flow of the compression stage. Fuel injection in the turbine is similar to conventional Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) for piston engines. Beginning Of Start-Cycle: A transient small electric current from a 12 V battery is used to stimulate the power generator, in which it continues to build its own rotational (angular) momentum, such that it functions as the “starter” for the turbine. Starting takes about 1 minute, depending on the power output (size) of the power unit. Q2 : The Energy consumed in disassociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, conversion of waste into syngas and all other processes involved in subsystems to be presented. A2 : Energy Balance as whole The key fuel required to create energy in our plants is : Waste Water which is taken from the drain, leachate and moisture extracted from the solid waste. Following are the specs of the same :

• Available Energy Form: Pure water component of the waste water feedstock + waste water from drain

• Total Water Requirement: ≈7.4%of total pure water component • Energy Units: 1 mol (18 grams ) H2O • Available Energy for Combustion: 2 mols H2 (@286kJ/mol) per mol H2O • Waste Energy Requirement: Langenburg proprietary


v Energy balance calculation for 50 MW quantity : 2 x 25 MW generator using 200 mtpd

of Legacy Solid Waste o Water available : 27% of 200 mtpd = 54,000 liters o Water available from Waste Drain = 20,00,000 liters o Total Water Available is : 20,54,000 liters ( maximum )

■ Quantity of H2O to yield 1 MW : 0.032 ltr/sec ■ Quantity of H2O to yield 1 MW/day : 2767 ltr/day ■ Quantity of H2O to yield 55 MW / day : 1,52,185 ltr / day ■ Using ≈7.4% of the water component of 200 tpd solid waste feedstock + Waste

water from the waste water drain, 55 MWh power is generated. ■ 30 KLD of potable Water is generated on daily basis. ■ 30 KLD of zero carbon fuel is generated on daily basis

Energy balance stage wise cannot be provided as it is Langenburg Proprietary and covered under the IPR

Energy Flow : Overview of Energy from Water Stored UltraGasTM and ignition battery power starts the turbine that drives the electrical generator. In the fuel generation stage, liquid feedstock is continuously processed to form stage, liquid feedstock is continuously processed to form UltraGasTM, a portion of its constituent Hydrogen is combusted as a plasma by the turbine. The resulting plasma byproduct is cooled to approximately 1200°F using hydrogen (also extracted from the UltraGasTM ) before injection into the turbine (protects the blades from excessive heat). Furthermore, a portion of the plasma (in excess of 4000°F), as well as superheated water vapor, are routed to the water cleaning section of a Langenburg Water Processing Unit. The process occurs in the following order 1 INPUT: Effluent H2O Feedstock 2 PROCESS: Dissociation of 1 Mol H2O 3 PROCESS: Initial Combustion 4 FEEDBACK: Combustion Recirculation 5 OUTPUT: Net Daily Energy Profit Energy from Effluent Solid Waste require preprocessing/grinding before entry into the gasification system. However, carbon-based effluent in feedstock or waste water supply also boosts energy released through


the gasification process. This represents an increase in energy beyond baseline calculations, and/or this additional energy can be captured through conversion into LT UltraGasTM. NON-EFFLUENT H2O FEEDSTOCK

Water for Conversion to H2 Plasma

input water flow rate 2,054,000 ltr per day material qty [kmol/dy] 114,111 Gaseous H2 qty [mol] 2,556,089 Material qty [mol/dy] 114,111,000 DISSOCIATION OF 1 MOL H2O Gasification Processing To dissociate 1 mole H2O [KJ/mol] 928.8 generated to form H2 bond [KJ/mol] 436 generated to form O2 bond [KJ/mol] 499 ΔH[KJ/mol] 243.3

INITIAL COMBUSTION H2 Plasma Fuel @ 4000°C Kinetic energy [KJ/mol] 159.8657 Supposed efficiency [%] 65 (initial fuel injection) Kinetic energy [KJ/mol] 103.9127 @ 65% efficiency =716 MW/dy COMBUSTION RECIRCULATION Cycling Cools H2 Fuel to @25°C Kinetic energy [KJ/mol] 286 Supposed efficiency [%] 75 (post -recirculation) Kinetic energy [KJ/mol] 214.5 @ 75% efficiency=1478MW/dy Total energy output [KJ/mol] 318.4127 (2194 MW/dy) Net energy profit [KJ/mol] 75.11 NET DAILY ENERGY PROFIT Mathematic Power Conversions =total energy output [KJ/dy] 8,571,197,860 (2194 MW/day- above) =total energy output [kW/dy] 2,380,888 (1kWhr=3.6MJ) =total energy output [MW/dy] 2380.888 (operated 24hrs/dy) =total energy output [MW/hr] 99.203


Q3 : The process of conversion of waste in to energy needs to be explained

A3 : The Langenburg Technologies waste to energy technology consists of five core processes:

1. Effluent/Wastewater Conversion 2. Water Purification 3. Gas Extraction 4. Plasma/Fuel Synthesis 5. Combustion Turbine/Electricity Production

These processes are described as follows:

1. Effluent / Wastewater Conversion

In this process step, the effluent input stream is analysed for its constituent content, identifying physical/chemical characteristics. With this data recorded and tracked in real-time, the master control is able to monitor and to modify the subsequent processing steps – continually meeting the specified output requirements to convert all waste into product output flows.


The pre-screened input stream is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. Solids are treated in several stages (if necessary), like grinding, liquefaction and further extraction of water and/or fluids. This pre-treated water is routed to the waste water purification (2), separated particulate extracts that are dissolved in an aqueous solution, are routed to the plasma fuel synthesis (4).

2. Water Purification

In this stage, the pre-treated water and its liquid ingredients are clarified by heat (respectively steam from the turbine unit (5)), pressure and further Langenburg Technologies processes up to pure sterilized water quality. Remaining solid components down to microscopic level are separated and also routed to the plasma fuel synthesis.

The water is routed through a number of temperature, pressure and catalytic processes, which balance pH, infuse oxygen from the gas extraction unit (3). This leads to a refined water output – purified water. A part of this refined water is routed to the gas extraction unit (3) and to the turbine (5, water injection).

The required steam and energy to operate the Langenburg Technologies water purification system is generated by and coming from the Langenburg Technologies turbine.

3. Gas Extraction

A small amount of purified water is routed from the Langenburg Technologies water treatment unit to the Langenburg Technologies gas extraction unit (3). Using an ultra-efficient, proprietary Langenburg Technologies gas extraction/conversion method (replacing conventional electrolysis), hydrogen and oxygen is derived. These gases are stabilized by proprietary Langenburg Technologies processes and advanced methods that are unlike conventional methods requiring catalysts. The production of these gases occurs (is regulated) by the demand of the Langenburg Technologies water purification unit (2), the Langenburg Technologies plasma process (4) and the Langenburg Technologies turbine (5).


4. Plasma / Fuel synthesis

Extracted components of constituent slurries, sludge and solids from the Langenburg Technologies effluent treatment (1) and the Langenburg Technologies water treatment unit (2) are gasified and converted into Langenburg Technologies fuels and (optional) plasma rock in the plasma fuel synthesis unit (4). Unwanted components or elements are either chemically reduced or destroyed.

Using the Langenburg Technologies fuels – in liquid or gaseous form – the operation of the Langenburg Technologies turbine is executed. To enable the start-up process, a small amount of reserve syn-fuel is stored and available. If needed, a Langenburg Technologies syn-fuel surplus can be produced and stored for other Langenburg Technologies units or applications such as modified diesel equivalent, modified gas/jet-fueled turbines, and modified water boilers that operate conventional steam turbines.

5. Combustion Turbine / Electricity Generation

The Langenburg Technologies turbines include several modifications from conventional turbines to enable the use of Langenburg Technologies fuels synthesized from gas extraction (3) and plasma fuel synthesis (4). The Langenburg Technologies turbine is also modified to cryogenically cool the intake air (an advanced form of air-induction) to dramatically increase the volume of air drawn into the engine, and also will recover and recirculate energy from turbulence and heat that in conventional turbines is normally wasted. It allows a cooler operation, reduces heat distortion and vibration, resulting in minimal wear of the components for long-term operation. This greatly prolongs equipment lifetime and reduces downtime as heat, distortion and vibration are the primary factor behind these issues. The Langenburg Technologies turbine starts up in less than 60 seconds. The turbine exhaust consist of warm air and water vapor at temperatures of 90°F/32°C, containing no pollutants or carbon.

Langenburg Technologies generators are uniquely materially and electrically constructed and designed to neutralize the negative loads, resistance and electromagnetic reactance encountered in standard magnetic induction generators. These optimizations lead to a higher energy density (energy output to size and quantity of syn-fuel/BTU input). In combination with the proprietary Langenburg Technologies transformer, this system produces typical 3-phase alternating current at 50/60 Hz – the turbine/generator/transformer will meet any global capacity and performance requirements for power grid transmission.


A complete flow sheet of the Langenburg. Technologies Core Processes is shown below :


Q4 : The details provided of input waste characteristics , process reactions, process by products and plant output ( 55MW power, water and fuel ) are appearing superficial. A4 : Analysis of the Legacy Solid Waste & Mass/ Material Balance at Ghazipur Landfill Site

The key elements : Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are used in the process and rest of the material is ionized or recovered ( based on quantity available and commercial value ).

LegacyWaste •200TPD

(27%moisture)

•2000KLDofwastewaterfromdrain(includingleachate)

UltraColdPlasmaGasificationProcess•WastetoEnergy•152KLDwaterusedinprocess

Output •925KLDpotable

water•925KLDzerocarbonfuel•30KLDwatervaporstoatmosphere•0.005TPDrecoverablematerial•5TPDplasmarock(recoverablematerial)


If we look at the reverse engineering diagram ( given below ) of our technology process, it is evident from the fact that generation of power is dependent on

• What kind of turbines and generators we use • On what fuel do they run on • What is the calorific value of that fuel and what are the main consitutents of the fuel • And where do we get the constituents

Q5 : A complete process and technical detail along with working principal of each process involved, mass and energy balance are required for further evaluation A(5) : The detailed process and technical details along with mass and energy balance as a whole and stage wise have already been shared in the DPR as well as in our replies as well as presented to the committee. Further we would like to add that :

A. The energy balance does not conform to classical laws of thermodynamics. A majority of LT Systems demonstrates aspects of applied particle physics, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and quantum field theory.

Example 1: The force exerted by water freezing into ice, considered one of the 74 anomalies of water is well-known for its destructive capabilities.

The US Argon National Labs measures of the pressure of water-ice expansion indicates at about 20 million pascals per cubic foot. The source of the expansion derived from phonons that are a quantum acoustical excitation occurring on water’s hydrogen valence. Water can naturally channel forces that are described by quantum-mechanical energy


balance equations. Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics cannot describe this energy balance.

Example 2: solar cells, and related photoelectric effect that was observed in 1905 by Albert Einstein.

Solar energy results from light striking the surface of a reactive material in which liberated electrons produce electric current. The concept of a quanta, considering its electromagnetic particle/wave characteristics, will determine the amount of electrical current produced. The energy balance calculation considers the frequency of the incident light, and the Planck Constant, rather than any measure of thermodynamic energy.

In this example, light frequency correlates to electric current output; described by quantum mechanical, and quantum electrodynamic energy balance equations. Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics cannot describe this energy balance.

B. For the LT process accepting wastewater feedstock, the energy balance is not entirely relevant molecular species dissociation, or any combustive process, nor does it utilize any catalyst or thermal plasmas to ionize matter.

The LT proprietary process converts heavier elements into lighter elements of proprietary hydrogens and oxygens which can be used to make synthetic fuel. A small amount of heavier elements converts into a very large amount of hydrogen. There are no reactive agents or reduction via oxidation (redox). There is no heat release via bond-breaking. Our system components do not produce any residual heat during the process. The hydrogens and oxygens are not derived from cracking the water molecule via hydrolysis, steam reformation or other hydrogen extraction technique.

The energy required to power the process is derived solely from the wastewater feedstock and it’s constituents.

LT uses the term “plasma” to describe the physical form of liquid it’s synthetic fuel product. “Plasma” has been used to refer to LT’s proprietary waste conversion process, although it’s been misconstrued that LT utilizes a plasma-reactor –– which it is not.


C. For the LT process accepting municipal solid waste feedstock, the energy balance will majority conform to classical thermodynamic energy balance, regarding dissociation and ionization using a proprietary thermal RF-modulated plasmoid disintegrator.

We hope that above satisfies the queries raised during presentation and in the minutes. We therefore humbly request you kindly grant us term of reference, So thet we as a responsible company can contribute in nation building by converting legacy Municipal Solid Waste in useful products.

Warm Regards

Ajay Girotra Chairman & Managing Director

14 february 2019 for the 55 mw waste to energy plant based...

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