13 title page of each chapter -...
TRANSCRIPT
REFERENCES
References
251
Abbasi, S.A., D.A. Arya, A.S. Hameed, and N. Abbasi. 1996. Water quality of a
typical river of Kerala, Punnurpuzha. Pollut. Res. 15:63-166.
Abdelmonem, A.E., M.A. El-Meleigi, and A.A. Al-Rokaibah. 1990. Chemical
characteristics and bacterial contamination of groundwater in Buraydah, Saudi
Arabia. J. King Saud Univ. 2:279-290.
Agbaire, P.O., and I.P. Oyibo. 2009. Seasonal variation of some physico-chemical
properties of borehole water in Abraka, Nigeria. Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem.
3:116-118.
Aishwath, O.P. 2005. Coefficient of variation and correlation coefficient in
underground water quality parameters in and adjoining municipal area of
Boriavi, Gujarat, India. Pollut. Res. 24:745-752.
Alam, J.B., A. Hossain, S.K. Khan, B.K. Banik, I.R. Molla, Z. Muyen, and R.M.
Habibur. 2007. Deterioration of water quality of Surma river. Environ.
Monit. Assess. 134:233-242.
Alam, M., and A. Ahmad. 2002. Water quality in and around industrialized city of
Delhi East and Sahibabad. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:900-904.
Allen, M.J., and E.E. Geldreich. 1975. Bacteriological criteria for ground water
quality. Ground Water 13:45-52.
Anadhaparameswari, N., S. Hemalatha, G.S. Vidhyalakshmi, and Shakunthala.
2007. Groundwater quality characteristics at Sivalingampillai Layout,
Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:333-334.
Aneja, K.R. 2005. Experiments in Microbiology Plant Pathology and Biotechnology.
4th ed. New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi. 607 p.
Anesio, A.M., P.C. Abreu, and F. A. Esteves. 1977. Influence of the hydrological
cycle on the bacterioplankton of an impacted clear water Amazonian lake.
Microbial Ecol. 34:66-73.
Angadi, S.B., B. Lingannaiah, and E. Sendamkar. 1999. Limnological studies of
Agatah tank, Gulbarga, In: Freshwater Ecosystem of India ed. Daya Publishing
House, New Delhi. 133-156 pp.
References
252
Angjeli, V. 1995. Bacterial and chemical contamination of drinking waters in some
villages in Albania: morbidity from abdominal typhoid, dysentery and viral
hepatitis. Assessing and Managing Health Risks from drinking water
contamination: Approaches and Application. IAHS Publ. No. 233.
Anonymous, 1972. Staphylococcal food poisoning. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Morbidity- Mortality. Weekly Rep. 21:422-423.
Anonymous, 1982. The Bacteriological Examination of Drinking Water Supplies
1982: Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects No. 17. Methods for the
Examination of Waters and Associated Materials. London: HMSO 1-19 pp.
Anonymous, 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
16th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. 870-902
pp.
APHA, American Public Health Association, 1995. Standard Method for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th ed. American Public Health
Association, Washington DC, USA.
APHA, American Public Health Association, 1998. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th ed. American Public Health
Association, Washington DC, USA.
Appenzeller, B. M. R., C. Yanez, F. Jornd, and J.C. Block. 2005. Advantage
provided by iron for Escherichia coli growth and cultivability in drinking water.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5621-5623.
Arora, D.R. 2003. Text Book of Microbiology. 2nd ed. CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi. 653-659 pp.
Asadi, S.S., P. Vappala, and M.A. Reddy. 2005. Assessment and mapping of water
pollution indices in zone – III of Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad using
remote sensing and geographic information system. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 46:13-
20.
Asadi, S.S., P. Vappula, and M.A. Reddy. 2007. Studies on impact of land use on
groundwater quality in Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (Zone – VIII)
using remote sensing and GIS. Pollut. Res. 26:573-578.
References
253
Atlas, R.M. 2005. Hand Book of Media for Environmental Microbiology. 2nd ed.
Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Ratan. 664 p.
Atlas, R.M., and R. Bartha. 1997. Microbial Ecology – Fundamentals and
Applications. Benjamin/Comings Science Publishing. 1-694 pp.
AWWA, American Water Work Association, 1995. Standard Method for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health
Association, Washington DC, USA.
Aydin, A. 2007. The microbiological and physico-chemical quality of groundwater in
West Thrace, Turkey. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 16:377-383.
Babu, K.H., E.T. Puttaiah, V. Kumara, S.S. Kumar, and S. Thirumala. 2006b.
Assessment of water quality with emphasis on nitrate and nitrite levels in
subsurface waters of Tarikere town in Karnataka state. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 5:315-319.
Babu, K.H., V. Kumar, and E.T. Puttaiah. 2006a. Physico-chemical characteristics
of groundwater at Tarikere, Karnataka. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 16:133-
137.
Bagde, U.S., and A.K. Varma. 1985. Limnological studies on J.N.U. Lake, New
Delhi, India. Bull. Bot. Soc. Sagar 32:16-23.
Bagde, U.S., and A.K. Varma. 1991. Distribution and periodicity of total and faecal
coliforms bacteria in an aquatic ecosystem. Indian J. Environ. Stud. 91:215-
220.
Bahura, C.K. 1998. A study of physico-chemical characteristic of a highly eutrophic
temple tank, Bikaner. J. Aquatic Biol. 13:47-51.
Balakrishnan, M., S.A. Antony, S. Gunasekaran, and R.K. Natarajan. 2008.
Impact of dyeing industrial effluents on the groundwater quality in
Kancheepuram (India). Indian J. Sci. Technol. 7:1-8.
Belkhiri, L., A. Boudoukha, L. Mouni, and T. Baouz. 2010. Multivariate statistical
characterization of groundwater quality in Ain Azel plain, Algeria. Afr. J.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 4:526-534.
References
254
Bergey, D.H., and S.J. Deehan. 1908. The colon aerogenes group of bacteria. J.
Med. Res. 19:175.
Bergey’s Manual, 2000. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA. 754 p.
Bharti, S.G., and S.R.K. Murthy. 1990. Effect of industrial effluents on river Kali
around Dandeli, Karnataka. Part – I, Physico-chemical complexes. Indian J.
Environ. Health 32:167-171.
BIS, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1996. Standards for water for drinking and other
purposes, India.
Bonde, G.J. 1977. Bacteriological indicators of water pollution. In: Advances in
Aquatic Microbiology. eds. Droops, M.R. and Januas, H.W., Academic Press,
London, New York. 273-364 pp.
Brenner, K.P., C.C. Rankin, M. Sivaganesan, and P.V. Scarpino. 1996.
Comparison of the recoveries of Escherichia coli and total coliforms from
drinking water by the MI agar method and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency-approved membrane filter method. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:203–
208.
Brown, V. M., D.H.M. Jordan, and B.A. Tiller. 1967. The effect of temperature on
the acute toxicity of phenol to rainbow trout in water. Water Res. 1:587-594.
Bundy, L.G., L. Knobeloch, B. Webendorfer, G.W. Jackson, and B.H. Shaw.
1994. Nitrate in Wisconsin groundwater: Sources and concerns available:
http:// s142412519. Onlilnehome.us/ww/pdfs/63054. Pdf via the INTERNET.
Cappuccino, J.G., and N. Sherman. 2004. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. 6th
ed. Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 528 p.
Castaneda, A.R, and S.I. Bhuiyan. 1991. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow
groundwater underneath rich fields. Philippine J. Crop Sci. 16:57-62.
Castillo, G., R. Duarte, Z. Ruiz, M.T. Marucic, B. Honorato, and R. Mercado.
1994. Evaluation of disinfected and treated drinking water supplies in Chile by
the H2S paper strip test. Water Res. 28:1765-1770.
References
255
Castillo, M.M., T.D. Allan, R.L. Sinsabaugh, and G.W. Kling. 2004. Seasonal and
interannual variation of bacterial production in low land rivers of the Orinoco
basin. Freshwater Biol. 49:1400-1414.
Chacko, P.I., and S.V. Ganapathi. 1954. Hydrographic Features of the Adyar
Estuary. In: Fish and Fisheries of India. ed. Jhingran, V.G., Hindustan
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 222 p.
Chakraborty, B.C. 1999. Bacteriological quality of water in some districts of Assam.
Indian J. Environ. Prot. 19:587-589.
Chandrashekar, P., and S. Ayyappan. 2006. Impact of municipal solid waste
(MSW) dumping on groundwater quality –A case study. Pollut. Res. 25:31-34.
Chapelle, F.H., and D.R. Lovley. 1990. Rates of microbial metabolism in deep
coastal plain aquifers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1865-1874.
Chatterjee, P.R., and M. Raziuddin. 2007. Studies on the water quality of a water
body at Asansol town, West Bengal. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:289-292.
Chaudary, A.B., M.S. Rahaman, and M.A. Zaman. 2000. Impact of sugar mills,
effluent on the water quality and aquatic biota in Rajshani, Bangladesh. Ecol.
Environ. Conserv. 6:121-126.
Chaudhari, G.R., D. Sohani, and V.S. Shrivastava. 2004. Groundwater quality
index near industrial area. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 24:29-32.
Chaudhary, P., A. Dagonkar, and S. Parveen. 2007. Physico-chemical analysis of
groundwater for evaluation of drinking water quality at Dhar town, Madhya
Pradesh. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:109-112.
Chinmoy, C., and M. Raziuddin. 2001. Bacteriological status of river water in
Asansol town in West Bengal. J. Environ. Pollut. 8:217-219.
Chitanand, M.P., G. Gyananath, and H.S. Lade. 2008. Bacterial assessment of
groundwater: A case study of Nanded city. J. Environ. Biol. 29:315-318.
Choubisa, S.L. 1997. Fluoride distribution and fluorosis in some villages of
Banswana district of Rajasthan. Indian J. Environ. Health 39:281-288.
References
256
Cimenti, M., N. Biswas, J.K. Bewtra, and A. Hubberstey. 2005. Evaluation of
microbial indicators for the detection of bacterial groundwater contamination
sources. Water Air Soil Pollut. 168:157-169.
Clark, D.L., B.B. Milner, M.H. Stewart, R.L. Wolfe, and B.H. Olson. 1991.
Comparative study of commercial-4-methylumbelliferyl-ß-D-glucuronide
preparations with the standard methods membrane filtration faecal coliforms
test for the detection of Escherichia coli in water samples. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 57:1528-1534.
Comply, H.H. 1945. Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well waters. J. Am.
Med. Assoc. 129:112-114.
Dan, N.P., B.X. Thanh, and B.D. Truong. 2006. Case studies of groundwater
pollution in southeast Vietnam. Int. Rev. Environ. Strategies 6:361-372.
Dash, J.R., H.K. Patra, S.K. Mohanty, and P.C. Dash. 2007b. Water quality index
for groundwater of rural areas around Angul – alcher industrial zone, Orissa. J.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 17:401-410.
Dash, J.R., P.C. Dash, and H.K. Patra. 2007a. Statistical studies on the groundwater
quality in rural areas around Angul-Talcher industrial zone, Orissa. J.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 17:377-389.
De, M.K. 1999. Environmental Chemistry, New Age International Limited.,
Publication, New Delhi. 364 p.
Derlet, R.W., and J.R. Carlson. 2006. Coliform bacteria in Sierra Nevada wilderness
lakes and streams: What is the impact of backpackers, pack animals and cattle?
Wilderness Environ. Med. 17:15-20.
Desai, P.V., S.J. Godase, and S.G. Halkar. 1995. Physico-chemical characteristics
of Khandepar river, Goa India. Pollut. Res. 14:447-454.
Deshmukh, S.B., J.S. Gadgil, and P.V.R. Subramaniam. 1984. Treatment and
disposal of wastewaters from synthetic drugs plant (I.D.P.L.) Hyderabad. Indian
J. Environ. Health 26:20-28.
Devi, O.J., and S.L. Belagali. 2005. Water quality assessment from different districts
of southern Karnataka. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:589-596.
References
257
Dhankar, R., and S. Sangwan. 2004. Water quality assessment from different regions
of Mahendergarh, Haryana. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 14:15-22.
Dhankar, R., Lalita, and S. Chhikara. 2008. Study of groundwater quality in the
villages of Sirsa district, Haryana. J. Ecobiol. 23:321-332.
Dieter, H.H., and H. Muckter. 2007. Assessment of so called organic trace
compounds in drinking water from the regulatory, health and aesthetic quality
points of view, with special consideration given to pharmaceuticals.
Bundesgesundhe. Gesundheits. Gesundhe. 50:322-331.
Dockins, and McFeters. 1978. Faecal coliforms elevated-temperature test: a
physiological basis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:341-348.
Dukta, B.J. 1990. Review of the IDRC project to evaluate four simple, inexpensive,
microbial water quality testing procedures. In: The use of simple, inexpensive
microbial water quality tests: Results of a three-continent, eight-country
research project. ed. Dutka B.J. and Shaarawi, A.H. Rivers Research Brach,
National Water Research Insitiute, Canada Centre for Inland Waters
Publication.
Dukta, B.J. 1973. Coliforms are inadequate index of water quality. J. Environ.
Health 36:39-46.
Dutta, S., P. Chowhan, and V. Gupta. 2010. Status of groundwater quality in
Masuda Tehsil of Ajmer district, Rajasthan during pre-monsoon season. Nat.
Environ. Pollut. Technol. 9:97-100.
Eckner, K.F. 1998. Comparison of membrane filtration and multiple-tube
fermentation by the colilert and enterolert methods for detection of waterborne
coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci used in drinking and
bathing water quality monitoring in southern Sweden. Appl. Envrion.
Microbiol. 64:3079-3083.
Edrington, T.S., M.L. Looper, S.E. Duke, T.R., Callaway, K.J. Genovese, R.C.
Anderson, and Nisbet. 2006. Effect of inophore supplementation on the
incidence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella and anitimicrobial
susceptibility of faecal coliforms in stocker cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis.
3:284-291.
References
258
*Eijkman, C. 1904. Uber thermolabile stiffwachselprodukte als ursache der
naturlichen wachstumshemmung der Mikroorganismen. Zentralbl. Bakteriol.
Parasitenk. Infektionskr. Abtl. 37:436-449.
Entry, J. A., and N. Farmer. 2001. Movement of coliform bacteria and nutrients in
groundwater flowing through basalt and sand aquifers. J. Environ. Qual.
30:1533-1539.
Escherich, T. 1885. www.textbookofbacteriology.net/e.coli.html
Evans, T.M., C.E. Waarvick, R.J. Seidler, and M.W.L. Chevallier. 1981b. Failure
of the most probable number technique to detect coliforms in drinking water
and raw water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:130-138.
Evans, T.M., M.W. LeChevallier, C.E. Waarvick, and R.J. Seidler. 1981a.
Coliform species recovered from untreated surface water and drinking water by
the membrane filter, standard and modified most probable number techniques.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:657-663.
Fall, C., A.H. Pena, and C.D.M.C. Leon. 2007. Design of a monitoring network and
assessment of the pollution on the Lerma river and its tributaries by wastewaters
disposal. Sci. Total Environ. 373:208-219.
Federal Register, 1989. National primary drinking water regulations; total coliforms
(including faecal coliforms and E. coli). Fed. Regist. 54:27544-30002.
Felip, M., M. L. Pace, and J.J. Cole. 1996. Regulation of planktonic bacteria growth
rates: The effects of temperature and resources. Microbial Ecol. 31:15-28.
Fetter, C.W. 1988. Applied Hydrology. 2nd ed. MacMillan, New York, USA.
Flips, W.J. Jr., B.G. Katz, J.B. Lindner, and R. Makel. 1984. Sources of nitrate in
groundwater in a sewered housing development, Central Long Island, New
York. Ground Water 22:418-426.
Fltcher, D.G. 1989. Groundwater and Well. 2nd ed. Published by Johnson Filtration
System Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Foster, S.S.D., M. Ventura, and R. Hirata. 1987. Groundwater Pollution: An
executive overview of the Latin America-Caribbean Situation in Relation to
References
259
potable water supply. Pan American Centre for Sanitary Engineering and
Environmental Sciences, Lima. 38 p.
Frazer, P., C. Chivers, V. Beral, and M.J. Hill. 1980. Nitrate and human cancer. A
review of evidence . Int. J. Epidemiol. 9:3-11.
Garg, V.K., D.S.C. Arti, and Deephika. 1998a. Fluoride distribution in the
groundwater of Jind district, Haryana, India. Ecol. Environ. Conserv. 4:19-23.
Garg, V.K., I.S. Sharma, and M.S. Bishnoi. 1998b. Fluoride in underground waters
of Uklana town, District Hisar, Haryana. Pollut. Res. 17:149-152.
Gaudet, I.D., L.Z. Florence, and R.N. Coleman. 1996. Evaluation of test media for
routine monitoring of Escherichia coli in nonpotable waters. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 62:4032-4035.
Geldreich, E.E., and B.A. Kenner. 1969. Concept of faecal streptococci in stream
pollution. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 41:336-352.
Geldreich, E.E., H.D. Nash, D.J. Reasoner, and R.H. Taylor. 1972. The necessity
of controlling bacterial populations in potable waters: Community water supply.
J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 64:596-602.
George, J.P. 1997. Aquatic ecosystem; structure, degradation strategies for
management. In: Recent Advances in Ecobiological Research, MP. ed. A.P.H.
Publishing House, New Delhi. 603 p.
Ghiorse, W.C., and J.L. Wilson. 1988. Microbial ecology of the terrestrial
subsurface. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 33:107-172.
Gibert, J. 2001. Basic attributes of groundwater ecosystems. In: Groundwater
Ecology. A tool for management of water resources eds. C. Griebler, D.L.
Danielopol, J. Gibbert, H.P. Nachtnebel, and J. Publications, Luxembourg:
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 39-54 pp.
Giebnik, B. 1995. Crop Management Systems Impact on groundwater nitrate. MSEA
fact sheet series FS-6580-GO. University of Minnesota Extension Service. 3 p.
Gilli, G., G. Carrow, and S. Favilli. 1984. Concentration of nitrates in drinking
water and incidence of gastric carcinomas. First descriptive study of the
Piemonte region, Italy. Sci. Total Environ. 34:35-37.
References
260
Gnanareni, F.D., S. Geetha, and J. Ebanazar. 2003. The drinking water quality
characteristics of five rural places in and around Thittagud, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pollut. Res. 22:111-115.
Golas, 2000. Quantitative and qualitative composition of heterotrophic microflora of
underground waters of Omlewski aquifer. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 9:163-170.
Goswami, U., and H.P. Sarma. 2007. Study of groundwater contamination due to
municipal solid waste dumping in Guwahati city. Pollut. Res. 26:211-214.
Green, B.L., E. Clausen, and W. Litsky. 1975. Comparison of the new Millipore
HC with conventional membrane filters for the enumeration of faecal coliforms
bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 30:697-699.
Green, B.L., E.M. Clausen, and W. Litsky. 1977. Two temperature membrane filter
method for enumerating faecal coliforms bacteria from chlorinated effluents.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:1259-1264.
Gupta, A.K., and G.C. Saxena. 1996. Evaluation of groundwater pollution potential
of Agra. Indain J. Environ. Prot. 16:419-422.
Gupta, G.K. 2004. Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality in various sources of
drinking water from Auriya district (UP) industrial area. Pollut. Res. 23:205-
209.
Gupta, G.K., and R. Shukla. 2004. Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality in
various sources of drinking water from Auriya district (UP) industrial area.
Pollut. Res. 23:205- 209.
Gupta, L.N., A. Singh, and G.S. Gupta, 2009. Monitoring of well water quality
around Rajaula village, Chitrakoot, Satna – A case study. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 29:719-727.
Gupta, S., A. Kumar, C.K. Ojha, and G. Seth. 2004. Chemical analysis of
groundwater of Sanganer area, Jaipur in Rajasthan. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 46:74-
78.
Gupta, S.K., R.C. Gupta, and A.K. Seth. 1994. Several clinical and dental fluorosis.
Indian Pediatr. 31:439.
References
261
GWMAP, Ground Water Monitoring and Assessment. 1998. Water Quality in the
Upper Fifteen Feet of a Shallow Sand Aquifer, in a variable land use setting.
St. Cloud Area, Minnesota, USA.
Hall, and Tirol, 1997. Water supply and sanitation in central and east European
countries, new independent states and Mongolia. Vol. II, draft version,
Mountain Unlimited.
Hamez, M., S. Hassan, L. Richard, Thomas, M. Khawdie, and I. Kawass. 2005.
Bacterial indications of faecal pollution in the waters of the El-Kabir, river and
Akkar watershed in Syria and Lebanon lakes and reservoirs. Res. Manage.
10:117-125.
Hamilton, P.A., and D.R. Helsel. 1995. Effects of agriculture on groundwater quality
in five regions of the United States. Ground Water 33:217-226.
Hannan, H.H., D.B. Barrows, I.R. Fuchs, R.D. Sengura, and D.C. Whitenberg.
1978. Limnological and operational factors affecting water quality – Canyon
Reservoir, Texas. In: Environmental effect of hydraulic engineering works eds.
E.E. Driver and W.O. Wunderlich, Tenn. Valley, Nouns, Tennesses. 39-48 pp.
Harsha, T.S., S.M. Yamakanamardi, and M. Mahadevaswamy. 2007.
Heterotrophic free-living and particle-bound bacterial cell size in the river
Cauvery and its downstream tributaries. J. Biosci. 32:363-374.
Harsha, T.S., S.M. Yamakanamardi, and M. Mahadevaswamy. 2009. Temporal
variation in the specific growth rate of bacterioplankton in the river Cauvery
and its four down stream tributaries in Karnataka state, India. Environ. Monit.
Assess. 154:169-185.
Harshey, D.K., G. Patil, and D.F. Singh. 1982. Limnological studies on a tropical
freshwater fish tank of Jabalpur, India. Geobios New Rep. 1:98-102.
Hasan, S.Z. 2003. Groundwater exploitation and hydrogeological research: A
chronology of historical developments. J. Curr. Sci. 2:299-304.
Hazbun, J.A., and M. Parker. 1983. Simplified test for the detection of faecal
pollution in drinking water. Third National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Workshop, Solomon Islands.
References
262
Heidelberg, J.F., K.B. Heidelberg, and R.R. Colwell. 2002. Seasonality of
Chesapeake Bay. Bacterioplankton Species 68:5488-5497.
Howard, G., S. Pedley, M. Barrett, M. Nalubega, and K. Johal. 2003. Risk factors
contributing to microbiological contamination of shallow groundwater in
Kampala, Uganda. Water Resour. 37:3421-3424.
Hufman, J.B. 1974. Evaluating the membrane faecal coliforms test by using
Escherichia coli as the indicator organism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 27:771-
776.
Hussain, I., and J. Hussain. 2004. Study on the impact of textile wastewater on the
groundwater quality of villages close to river Kothari, Rajasthan (India). Pollut.
Res. 23:477-481.
ICMR, 1975. Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian
Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
ICMSF, International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 1998.
Microorganisms in Foods. Suffolk: St. Edmundsbury Press. 461-472 pp.
Iqbal, S.A., and H.C. Kataria. 1995. Physico-chemical analysis and water quality
assessment of upper lake of Bhopal. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 15:504-509.
Ishrath, and G. Prabhakar. 2010. Groundwater quality assessment of Miyapur area
in Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol.
9:173-178.
Islam, M.S., A. Siddika, M.N.H. Khan, M.M. Goldar, M.A. Sadique, A.N.M.H.
Kabir, A. Huq, and R.R. Colwel. 2001. Microbiological analysis of tube well
water in a rural area of Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:3328-3330.
Jacobs, N.J., W.L. Zeigler, F.C. Reed, T.A. Stukel, and E.W. Rice. 1986.
Comparison of membrane filter, multiple fermentation-tube and presence-
absence techniques for detecting total coliforms in small community water
systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:1007-1012.
Jain, C.K., K.K.S. Bhatai, C.P. Kumar, and B.K. Purandara. 2003. Groundwater
quality in Malaprabha sub – basin, Karnataka. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:321-
329.
References
263
Jain, N., S. Saxena, A.N. Singh, and R.K. Shrivastava. 2006. Studies on the
underground water quality of earthquake affected Kosamghat region of Jabalpur
district, M. P. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 5:123-127.
Jain, N., S. Saxena, and R.K. Shrivastava. 2004. Correlation coefficient of some
physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater of Jabalpur. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 24:57-59.
Jaji, M., O.O. Bamgbose, O.O. Odukoya, and T.A. Arowolo. 2007. Water quality
assessment of Ogun river, South West Nigeria. Environ. Monit. Assess.
133:473-482.
Jameel, A.A., and J. Sirajudeen. 2005. Heavy metal concentrations of groundwater
in Pettavaithalai area, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ.
Monit. 16:443-446.
Jayanthi, M., M. Kandhasamy, and A.K. Kumaraguru. 2005. Microbial water
quality of groundwater in Madurai city, Tamil Nadu. Pollut. Res. 24:45-48.
Jayaraman, P.R., G.T. Devi, and V.T. Nayar. 2003. Water quality studies on
Karamana river, Thiruvananthapuram district, South Kerala, India. Pollut. Res.
22:89-100.
Jeyakumar, S.J., and R. Palani. 2006. Groundwater quality assessment at a location
between a sugar factory and river basin in Cauvery delta region. J. Ecotoxicol.
Environ. Monit. 16:371-375.
Jonas, R.B., and J.H. Tuttle. 1990. Bacterioplankton and organic carbon dynamics in
the lower mesohaline Chesapeake sea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:747-757.
Jones, J., R. M. Homes, S. G. Fisher, and N.B. Grimm. 1994. Chemoautotrophic
production and respiration in the hyporheic zone of a Sonoran desert stream.
eds. J.A. Stanford and H.M. Valett, In: Proceedings of the Second International
Conference on Groundwater Ecology. American Water Resources Association,
Herndon, Virginia, USA. 329-338 pp.
Jones, J.B. 1995. Factors controlling hyporheic respiration in a desert stream.
Freshwater Biol. 34:91-99.
Joshi, M., and R.K. Srivastava. 2006. Study of drinking water quality in Tarai
region of Uttaranchal. Pollut. Res. 25:179-183.
References
264
Joshi, S.R., N. Shivaraman, N.M. Parhad, and N.U. Rao. 1978. An indigenous
membrane filter medium for enumeration of coliform in water. Indian J.
Environ. Health 20:29-35.
Joshi, V. A., R. Manivel, R.R. Rao, and P. S. Kelkar. 2002. Water quality
assessment in Ramanathapuram district. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:970-977.
Jothivenkatachalam, K., and K. Suresh. 2008. Status of the groundwater quality in
Kuniamuthur and Madukkarai areas of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Nat. Environ.
Pollut. Technol. 7:283-286.
Jugnia, L. B., R.D. Tadonleke, T. S. Ngando, and J. Devaux. 2000. The microbial
food web in the recently flooded sep reservoir: Diel fluctuations in bacterial
biomass and metabolic activity in relation to phytoplankton and flagellate
grazers. Microbial Ecol. 43:67-81.
Kabbour, B.B., and L. Zouhri. 2005. Hydrochemical and bacteriological features of
the groundwater: Southern border of the Rharb basin. Hydrological Sci. J.
50:1137-1149.
Kakati, S.S., and H.P. Sharma. 2007. A study of the quality of drinking water in the
Lakhimpur district, Assam, India. Pollut. Res. 26:199-202.
Kalleshappa, C.M., S. Manjappa, H.B. Aravinda, B.G. Pujar, and S.
Shanmukhappa. 2008. Studies on occurrence of fluoride in groundwater used
for irrigation in Harihar taluk situated in central part of Karnataka. Indian J.
Environ. Prot. 28:38-44.
Kannel, P.R., S. Lee, and Y.S. Lee. 2008. Assessment of spatial-temporal patterns of
surface and groundwater qualities and factors influencing management strategy
of groundwater system in an urban river corridor of Nepal. J. Environ. Manage.
86:595-604.
Kaplay, R.D., H.S. Patode, S.V. Sewdikar, D.B. Panaskar, and G. Gyananth.
2003. Trace elements in groundwater of Tuppa area new Nanded, Maharashtra.
Pollut. Res. 22:595-599.
Karthikeyan, G., A. Pius, and B.V. Apparao. 1996. Contribution of fluoride in
water and food to the prevalence of fluorosis in areas of Tamil Nadu in South
India. Fluoride 29:151-155.
References
265
Karthikeyan, K., K. Nanthakumar, A. Kumar, A. Kumar, and P.
Lakshmanaperumalsamy, 2008. Bacteriological and chemical quality of
groundwater of Vypeen Island, Kerala. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 28:329-339.
Karthikeyan, V., and Murugesan, R. 2007. Evaluation of water contamination by
municipal solid waste dumping in Salem city, Tamil Nadu, India. Nat. Environ.
Pollut. Technol. 6:173-176.
Kasar, R.R., R.T. Tidke, G.V. Kore, and M. Sultana. 2009. Bacteriological
examination of drinking water in different public places with reference to
coliforms. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 8:307-308.
Kataria, H.C., and S. Bux. 2009. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater of BHEL
industrial area of Bhopal city. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:705-709.
Kataria, H.C., S. Bux, M. Namdeo, and F.B. Bux. 2009. Study of fluoride content
in groundwater and surface water of Bhopal city. Indian J. Environ. Prot.
29:461-464.
Kataria, H.C., S.A. Iqbal, and A.K. Shandilya. 1995. Limnochemical studies of
Tawa reservoir. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 16:841-846.
Katz, B.G., J.B. Linder, and S. E. Ragone. 1980. A comparison of nitrogen in
shallow groundwater from sewered and unsewered areas, Nassau county, New
York, from 1952 through 1976. Ground Water 18:607-616.
Kaur, H., K.S. Bath, G. Mander, and N. Jerath. 2000. Physico-chemical status of
Kanjlil wetland (Punjab – India). J. Environ. Pollut. 7:39-42.
Kaur, H., S.S. Dhillan, K.S. Bath, and G. Mandar. 1997. Interrelationships between
physico-chemical factors at Harika wetland (Punjab-India). J. Environ. Pollut.
4:237-240.
Kaushik, N.K., and J.K. Bewtra. 1965. Incidence of coliforms and enterococci in
natural waters. Environ. Health 8:32-38.
Kaushik, S., and D.N. Saxena. 1989. Physico-chemical factors and the aquatic insect
density of a pond receiving cotton mill effluent at Gwalior (M.P.), Acta. Bot.
Indica 19:113-116.
References
266
Kelly, W.R., S.V. Panno, K.C. Hackley, A.T. Martinsek, I.G. Krapac, C.P. Weibel,
and E.C. Storment. 2009. Bacteria contamination of groundwater in a mixed
land-use Karst region. Water Qual. Exposur. Health 1:68-78.
Kemmers, R.H. 1986. Calcium as hydrochemical characteristics for ecological states,
Tech. Bull. No. 47, Institute for Land and Water Management Research (ICW),
Wageningen, The Netherlands. 13 p.
Kesavan, K.G., and R. Parameswari. 2005. Evaluation of groundwater quality in
Kancheepuram. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 25:235-239.
Khadsan, R.E., and M.V. Kadu. 2003. Drinking water quality analysis of some
borewells of Chikhli town, Maharashtra. J. Indus. Pollut. Control 20:31-36.
Khan, N., A. Mathur, and R. Mathur. 2005. A study on drinking water quality in
Lashkar (Gwalior). Indian J. Environ. Prot. 25:222-224.
Khan, T.A, and M.A. Abbasi. 2003. Hydrochemical studies of shallow groundwater
in the Dibai block of Bulandshahar district (U.P.), India. Pollut. Res. 22:503-
506.
Kirschner, A.K.R., T. Ulbricht, A. Statz, and B. Velimirov. 1999. Material fluxes
through the prokaryotic compartment in a eutrophic backwater branch of river
Danube. Aquatic Microbial Ecol. 17:211-230.
Kitchen, N.R., P.E. Blanchard, D.F. Hughes, and R.N. Lerch. 1997. Impact of
historical and current farming systems on groundwater nitrate in northern
Missouri. J. Soil Water Conserv. 52:272-277.
Koonce, J.E., Z. Yu, I.M. Farnham, and K.J. Stetzenbach. 2006. Geochemical
interpretation of groundwater flow in the southern great basin. Geosphere 2:88-
101.
Koshy, M., and V.T. Nayar. 1999. Water quality aspects of river Pamba. Pollut.
Res.18:501-510.
Krapac, I. G., W.S. Dey, W. R. Roy, A. Symth, E. Storment, S.L. Sargent, and J.D. Steele, 2002. Impacts of swine manure pits on groundwater quality. Environ.
Pollut. 120:475-478.
References
267
Krishna, C.B.M. 2002. Fluoride level and water quality in rural area of Mandya
district. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:742-745.
Kumar, C.S.C. 2010. Fluoride content of bore well waters in Mysore city of
Karnataka, India. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 9:155-156.
Kumar, G., G.S. Banu, and V. Kannan. 2006. Physico-chemical characteristics of
drinking water in selected areas of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobiol.
18:229-233.
Kumar, K.N., S.S. Reddy, K.S. Varman, and R.M.Reddy. 2009. Assessment of
groundwater quality for agriculture in Gajwel, Andhra Pradesh, India. Nat.
Environ. Pollut. Technol. 8:407-416.
Kumar, P., N. Kannan, K. Paulraj, and S. Paulrajan. 2005a. Assessment of quality
of groundwater at Avaniapuram. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 25:225-230.
Kumar, R.A., and P. Riyazuddin. 2008. Application of chemometric techniques in
the assessment of groundwater pollution in a suburban area of Chennai city,
India. Curr. Sci. 94:1012-1022.
Kumar, S.D., A. Loganayagi, and S. Murugesan. 2008. Hydrochemical evaluation
of the groundwater quality in Chennai city. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol.
7:235-241.
Kumar, T.J.R., A. Balasubramanian, R.S. Kumar, and K. Manoharan. 2010.
Groundwater hydrochemical characterization of Chittar sub basin,
Tambaraparani river, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 9:133-140.
Kumar, V., and O.P. Segwal. 2000. Recent studies on soil and water pollution in
some parts of India: A review. Agric. Rev. 21:186-192.
Kumar, V., H.K. Sharma, and H. Pandey. 2005b. Chemical and microbiological
analysis of potable water of Patalia city, Punjab. Pollut. Res. 24:859-862.
Kumar, V.V., C.S.T. Sai, M.S.R. Swami, and P.L.K.M. Rao. 1993. Nitrates in
groundwater sources in Medchal block of Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Environ.
Health 35:40-46.
References
268
Kumaravel, B., V. Gopalasamy, and V. Kanakasabai. 2003. Groundwater
contamination due to municipal garbage dumping – A comparative study.
Pollut. Res. 22:67-71.
Lalitha, S., R. Kasthuri, K. Banumathi, and S. Swapna. 2004. Assay of drinking
water quality in selected pilgrim centre near Tiruchirapalli. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 24:33-40.
Laluraj, C. M., G. Gopinath, and P.K. Dineshkumar. 2005. Groundwater
chemistry of shallow aquifers in the coastal zones of Cochin, India. Appl. Ecol.
Environ. Res. 3:133-139.
Lamka, K.G., M.W. LeChevallier, and R.J. Seidler. 1980. Bacterial contamination
of drinking water supplies in a modern rural neighbourhood. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 39:34-738.
LeChevallier, M.W., S. C. Cameron, and G. A. McFeters. 1983. New medium for
improved recovery of coliform bacteria from drinking water. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 45:484-492.
LeClerc, H., D.A.A. Mossel, S.C. Edberg, and C.B. Struijk. 2001. Advances in the
bacteriology of the coliform group: Their suitability as markers of microbial
water safety. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55:201-234.
LeClerc, H., S. Edberg, V. Pierozo, and J.M. Delattre. 2000. Bacteriophages as
indicators of enteric viruses and public health risk in groundwaters. J. Appl.
Microbiol. 88:5-21.
Lehr, J.H., T.E. Gass, W.A. Pettyjohn, and J. De Marre. 1980. Domestic water
treatment Mc Graw – Hill Book Co.
Leung, C.M., and J.J. Jiao. 2006. Heavy metal and trace element distributions in
groundwater in natural slopes and highly urbanized spaces in Mid-Levels area,
Hong Kong. Water Res. 40:753-767.
Lindstrom, E.S. 2001. Investigating influential factors on bacterioplankton
community composition: Results from a field of five mesotrophic lakes.
Microbial Ecol. 42:598-605.
Lisle, T.J., J.J. Smith, D.D. Edwards, and A.G. MxFeters. 2004. Occurrence of
microbial indicators and Clostridium perfringens in waste water, water column
References
269
samples, sediments, drinking water and Weddell seal faeces collected at Mc
Murdo station, Antartica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:7269-7276.
Lohani, T.K. 2005. Statistical approach to physico-chemical and trace element
analysis of groundwater samples in Athgarh area, Orissa. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 25:535-545.
Lomate, and Samant, J. 2005. Bacteriological analysis of drinking water of
Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India. Pollut. Res. 24:689-694.
Ludvigsen, L., H. J. Albrechtsen, D.B. Ringellberg, F. Ekelund, and T.H.
Christensen. 1999. Distribution and composition of microbial populations in a
landfill leachage contaminated aquifer (Grindsted, Denmark). Microbial Ecol.
37:197-207.
*Mac Conkey, A. 1909. Further observations on the differentiation of lactose
fermenting bacilli with special reference to those of intestinal origin. Kpirm.
Jug. 9:86-103.
Madhuri, T.U., and G. Bhadani. 2005. Spatial variation of groundwater quality – A
case study in Visakhapatnam. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:311-312.
Madhuri, T.U., T. Srinivas, and K. Sireesha. 2004. A study on groundwater quality
in commercial areas of Visakhapatnam. Pollut. Res. 23:565-568.
Madsen, E.L., and W.C. Ghiorse. 1993. Groundwater microbiology. In: Aquatic
Microbiology – An ecological approach. ed. T.E. Ford. Cambridge, USA:
Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford, England. 167-213 pp.
Mahadevan, A., and S. Krishnaswamy. 1993. A quality profile of river vague
(Shindig). Indian J. Environ. Health 25:288-299.
Mahapatra, M.K., and H.S. Mishra. 2005. Groundwater pollution in Subarnapur and
Nuapada districts of Orissa, India. Pollut. Res. 24:863-865.
Maiti, S.K. 2001. Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies, Vol. 1. Water and
Waste Water Analysis. ABD Publishers, Jaipur, India.
Mali, D.S. 2007. Prevalence of fluorosis and defluoridation of water: An overview.
Indian J. Environ. Prot. 27:459-466.
References
270
Mallin, M.A., L.B. Cahoon, B.R. Toothman, D.C. Parsons, M.T. McIver, M.L.
Ortwine, and R.N. Harrington. 2007. Impacts of a raw sewage spill on water
and sediment quality in an urbanized estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 54:81-88.
Mallmann, W.L., and W. Litsky. 1951. Survival of selected enteric organisms in
various types of soil. Am. J. Publ. Health 41:38.
Manivaskam, N. 1984. Physico-chemical examination of water, sewage and
industrial effluents, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut. 46 p.
Manja, K.S., M.S. Maurya, and K.M. Rao. 1982. A simple field test for the
detection of faecal pollution in drinking water. Bull. World Health Org.
60:797-801.
Manja, K.S., R. Sambasiva, K.V. Chandrashekhar, K.J. Nath, S. Dutta, L.K.
Gopal, S.S. Inyengar, Dhindsa, and S.C. Parija. 2001. Report of study on
H2S test for drinking water. UNICEF. 96 p.
Mariappan, P. 1996. Discussion on fluoride contribution to surface waters from
subsurface strata: A case study. J. IWWA. 28:184.
Mariappan, P., and T. Vasudevan. 2002. Incidence of dental fluorosis in
Panamarathupatty block of Salem district. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:438-443.
Mariappan, P., T. Vasudevan, and V. Yegnaraman. 1999. Surveillance of
groundwater quality in Thiruppathur block of Sivagangai district. Indian J.
Environ. Prot. 19:250-254.
Marmonier, P., P. Vervier, J. Gibert, and M.J. Dole-Oliver. 1993. Biodiversity in
groundwaters: A research field in progress. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8:392-395.
Martins, M., G. Castillo, and B.J. Dutka. 1997. Evaluation of drinking water
treatment plant efficiency in microorganism removal by the coliphage, total
coliforms and H2S paper strip tests. Water Sci. Technol. 35:403-407.
Mathur, A., and Priyakant. 2005. GIS based delineation of suitable groundwater
quality zones for drinking purpose: A case study of district Manipuri, Uttar
Pradesh. Pollut. Res. 24:59-68.
Mathur, R.P., and K.N. Ramanathan. 1966. Significance of enterococci as
pollution indicator. Environ. Health 8: 1-5.
References
271
Maybeck, M. 1982. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transport by world rivers. Am.
J. Sci. 282:401-450.
Mayur, C., S.G. Prateek, S.J. Amit, S. Paresh, T. Pujara, and P.V. Zaloriya. 2006.
Assessment of drinking water quality of various railway stations Ahmedabad to
Khedbrahma train route in Gujrat, India. Pollut. Res. 25:549-552.
Meenakumari, H. R., and S.P. Hosmani. 2003. Bacteriological examination of
groundwater samples in and around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Nat.
Environ. Pollut. Technol. 2:213-215.
Meenakumari, H.R. 2004. Groundwater pollution with special reference to open
wells in and around Mysore city, Karnataka state. Ph. D. Thesis. Department of
Post Graduate Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore,
Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India.
Meenakumari, H.R. 2007. Quality of groundwater in Mysore city on the basis of
hydrochemistry. Pollut. Res. 26:399-402.
Meenakumari, H.R., and S.P. Hosmani. 2006. Efficiency of the H2S paper strip test
to detect faecal coliforms in groundwater samples. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ.
Monit. 16:65-70.
Mehta, M.B. 2003. Drinking water quality of groundwater from selected sample
points around Thane district of Maharashtra. J. Indian Pollut. Control 19:153-
157.
Meybeck, M., and R. Helmer. 1996. Water Quality Assessments – A guide to use of
Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring –
UNESCO/WHO/UNEP, 2nd ed. 22 p.
Mini, I., C.G. Radhika, and G.T. Devi. 2003. Hydrological studies on lotic
ecosystem, Vamanapuram river, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India.
Pollut. Res. 22:617-626.
Mishra, D.K., and A.K. Srivastava. 2008. Groundwater quality of Tulsipur town at
Indo-Nepal border. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 7:299-302.
Mishra, P.C., and R.K. Patel. 2007. Status of water quality in and around an
industrial city – A case study. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 27:114-124.
References
272
Mohamed, D., B.K. Houria, K. Nacer, and N.I. Eddine. 2008. Alteration of the
aquifer water in hyper arid climate, by wastewater: Cases of groundwater from
Ouargla (Northern Sahara, Algeria). Am. J. Environ. Sci. 4:569-575.
Mohamed, M.N., J.R. Lawrence, and R.D. Roberts. 1998. Phosphorus limitation of
heterotrophic biofilms from the Fraser river, British Columbia and the effect of
pulp mill effluent. Microbial Ecol. 36:121-130.
Mokbel, W.A. 2007. Comparative environmental and microbial studies of
groundwater of agricultural, domestic and industrial areas of Mysore district,
Karnataka State, India. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Studies in Zoology,
University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India.
Mokbel, W.A., and S.M. Yamakanamardi. 2008. Temporal variations in the
abundance of heterotrophic bacteria in groundwater according to land use
patterns in Mysore district, India. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2:59-67.
Mokbel, W.A., S.M. Yamakanamardi, and T.S. Harsha. 2008. Temporal variation
in the specific growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria of the groundwater from
three different agricultural, domestic and industrial areas, Mysore district,
Karnataka state, India. Indian Hydrobiol. 11:51-63.
Mor, S.K., K. Ravindra, R.P. Dahiya, and A. Chandra. 2006. Leachate
characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid
waste landfill site. Envrion. Monit. Assess. 118:435-456.
Mosley, L.M., and D.S. Sharp. 2005. The hydrogen sulphide (H2S) paper-strip test.
A simple test for monitoring drinking water quality in the Pacific islands.
SOPAC Tech. Rep.
Murugappan, A., S. Gnanakumar, and G. Senthilkumar. 2010. Assessment of
shallow groundwater quality in Usupur village panchayat in Chidambaram taluk
of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu state. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 9:167-
172.
Mussadiq, M. 2000. Surface water quality of Morna river at Akola. Pollut. Res.
19:681-691.
References
273
Mustafa, W., S.S.N. Somasundaram, P.S. Hameed, and R. Palaniappan. 1999.
Evaluation of groundwater quality in Tiruchirapalli city. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 19:284-289.
Muthulakshmi, L., A. Ramu, and N. Kannan. 2009. Physico-chemical characteristics
of groundwater in and around Sivakasi region. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:435-
438.
Nagarajan, P., T. Ramachandramoorthy, R.E. Raja, B. Kavitha, C. Sivaraj, and
R. Srinivasan. 2003. Drinking water of Salem district – Estimation of fluoride
and its defluoridation using lignite rice husk and rice husk powder. Indian J.
Environ. Prot. 23:304-308.
Nair, G.A., A.I. Mohamed, M.M. Fadiel, M.A. Al-Mariami, J.A. Bohjuari, and K.
Premkumar 2005. Physico-chemcial parameters and correlation coefficients
of groundwaters of north-east Libya. Pollut. Res. 24:1-6.
Nayar, R., S.K. Vajpai, and K. Vajpai. 2007. Evaluation of physico-chemical
characteristics of groundwater of Korba. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 27:153-158.
Norusis, M.J. 1993. SPSS® for Windows TM Base system users Guide, Release 6.0
SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA.
Odum, H.T. 1956. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1:102-
117.
Olobaniyi, S.B., C. Goe, and S.I. Efe. 2007. Comparative assessment of rainwater
and groundwater quality in an oil producing area of Nigeria: Environmental and
health implications. Chartered Inst. Environ. Heal1-14.
Pacheco, J.A., A.S. Cabrera, and L.E. Marin. 2000. Bacteriological contamination
in the karstic aquifer of Jucatan, Mexico. Geofis. Int. 39:285-291.
Padmavathy, S., J. Amali, R.E. Raja, P. Nagarajan, and B. Kavitha. 2003a. A
study of fluoride level in potable water of Salem district and an attempt for
defluoridation with lignite. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:1244-1247.
Padmavathy, S., R.E. Raja, T. Venkatachalam, C. Sivaraj, B. Kavitha, and K.
Thangam, 2003b. A study of fluoride level in potable water of Manapparai
taluk, Tiruchirapalli and defluoridation using lignite and rice husk carbon.
Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:1272-1275.
References
274
Pagel, J.E., A.A. Qureshi, D.M. Young, and L.T. Vlassoff. 1982. Comparison of
four membrane filter methods for faecal coliforms enumeration. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 43:787-793.
Pande, K. S., and S.D. Sharma. 1998. Distribution of organic matter and toxic metals
in the sediments of Pamganga river at Mordabad. Pollut. Res. 18:43-47.
Pandit, B.R., and F.B. Oza. 2005. Physico-chemical and bacteriological studies of
groundwaters in Bhavnagar city, Gujarat. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol.
4:453-454.
Papini, P.A., A. Faustini, R. Manganello, G. Borzacchi, D. Spera, and C.A.
Perucci. 2005. Monitoring microbiological safety of small systems of water
distribution comparison of two sampling programs in town in central Italy.
Epidemiol. Prev. 29:259-263.
Pathak, J.K., M. Alam, and S. Sharma. 2008. Interpretation of groundwater quality
using multivariate statistical technique in Moradabad city, Western Uttar
Pradesh State, India. E. J. Chem. 5:607-619.
Patil, C. L., and H.O. Deore. 2004. Physico-chemical analysis of water of Dhule
region (M. S.). Pollut. Res. 23:395-398.
Patil, Y.S., and D.H. Tambekar. 2003. Exploration of biodiversity of Escherichia
coli in water samples of saline belt of Akola and Buldhana districts. 44th
Annual Conference of Association of Microbiologists of India, Dharwad. 12-14
pp.
Paul, J.H., J.B. Rose, S. Jiang, C. Kellogg, and E.A. Shinn. 1995. Occurrence of
faecal indicator bacteria in surface waters and the subsurface aquifer in Key
Largo, Florida. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2235-2241.
Pedersen, K. 2001. Diversity and activity of microorganisms in subsurface igneous
rock aquifers of the Fennoscnadian Shield. In: Subsurface Microbiology and
Biochemistry, eds. J, K. Frederickson and M. Fletcher, New York, USA. 97-
139 pp.
Peeler, K.A., S.P. Opsahl, and J.P. Chanton. 2006. Tracking anthropogenic inputs
using caffeine, indicator bacteria and nutrients in rural freshwater and urban
marine systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40:7616-7622.
References
275
Perumal, S.B., and P. Thamarai. 2008. Groundwater quality and its suitability for
drinking after Tsunami in coastal belt of Kanyakumari to Colachel, Tamil Nadu,
India. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 7:181-188.
Perumal, S.B., and P. Thamarai. 2009. Groundwater level parameters along the
coastal area of Kanyakumari to Colachel, South Tamil Nadu, before and after
Tsunami. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:123-130.
Phirke, P.M., and S.R. Verma. 1972. Significance of enterococci as indicators of
stream and pollution. Indian J. Environ. Health 14:328-336.
Pickup, R,W., G, Rhodes, M.L. Alamillo, H.E.H. Mallinson, S.F. Thorn, and D.N.
Lerner. 2001. Microbiological analysis of multi-level borehole samples from
a contaminated groundwater system. J. Contaminant Hydrol. 53:269-284.
Pillai, J., K. Mathew, R. Gibbs, and G. Ho. 1999. H2S paper strip method - A
bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various
temperatures. Water Sci. Technol. 40:85-90.
Popko, D.A., S.K. Han, B. Lanoil, and W.E. Walton. 2006. Molecular ecological
analysis of planktonic bacterial communities in constructed wetlands invaded
by Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. J. Med. Entomol. 43:1153-1163.
Praharaj, A.K., B.K. Mohanta, and N.K. Nanda. 2004. Studies on groundwater
quality for Rourkela, Orissa. Pollut. Res. 23:399-402.
Prajapati, J.R., and B.V. Raol. 2004. Physico-chemical and bacteriological study of
different brands of commercial drinking water samples from north Gujarat.
Pollut. Res. 23:165-168.
Prajapati, J.R., and B.V. Raol. 2007. Studies on the groundwater quality of Kalol
city, Gujarat, India. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:197-201.
Prajapati, J.R., and B.V. Raol. 2008. Studies on groundwater quality of Patan city,
North Gujarat, India. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 7:27-32.
Prajapati, R., and R. Mathur. 2002. Groundwater quality in Sheopurkalan town.
Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:197-200.
Prakash, J.N. 2004. Studies on groundwater quality of Magadi taluk, Bangalore rural
district, Karnataka. Ph. D. Thesis. Department of Post Graduate Studies and
References
276
Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577
451, Karnataka, India.
Prakash, K.L., K. Raghavendra, and R.K. Somashekar. 2004. Distribution of E.
coli in groundwaters of Anekal taluk, Bangalore Urban District, India. Pollut.
Res. 2:491-493.
Prasad, B.V., and P.R. Chandra. 1997. Groundwater quality in an industrial zone: A
case study. Pollut. Res. 16:105-107.
Prasad, D.Y. 1990. Primary productivity and energy flow in upper lake, Bhopal,
India. Indian J. Environ. Health 32:132-139.
Prathibha, S. 2005. Studies on the physico-chemical and bacteriological
characteristics of river Tunga – near Shimoga city, Karnataka. Ph. D. Thesis.
Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science,
Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, Karnataka, India.
Presswood, W.G., and L.R. Brown. 1973. Comparison of Gelman and Millipore
membrane filters for enumerating faecal coliforms bacteria. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 26:332-336.
Pulle, J.S., A.M. Khan, N.E. Ambore, D.D. Kadam, and S.K. Pawar. 2005.
Assessment of groundwater quality of Nanded city. Pollut. Res. 24:657-660.
Raghunath, H. M. 2002. Groundwater. 2nd ed. New Age International (Pvt.)
Publishers Ltd., New Delhi. 1 p.
Raja, R.E., I.S. Lydia, J.P. Merlin, and G. Christopher. 2002. Evaluation of
groundwater quality in residential areas of Tiruchirapalli. Indian J. Environ.
Prot. 22:137-140.
Ramachandramoorthy, T., A. Paulraj, C. Sivraj, B. Kavitha, and P.
Bhuvaneswari. 2004. Fluoride ion concentration in the groundwater of
Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 14:147-
150.
Ramachandramoorthy, T., D.A.J. Chellaraj, R.E. Raja, T. Venkatachalam, R.
Sangeetha, and C. Sivaraj. 2003. Fluoride estimation in potable water in
Tiruchirapalli rock fort area - dental fluorosis survey and defluoridation with
Emblica phyllanthus. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:317-320.
References
277
Ramadevi, P., G. Subramanian, V. Pitchammal, and R. Ramanathan. 2009. The
study of water quality of Ponnamaravathy in Pudukkottai district, Tamilnadu.
Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 8:91-94.
Ramaiah, N., C. Raghukumar, G. Sheelu, and D. Chandramohan. 1996. Bacterial
abundance, communities and heterotrophic activities in the coastal waters of
Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 25:234-239.
Ramesh, I., B.R. Kiran, M. Ravikumar, and E.T. Puttaiah. 2009. Fluoride levels
in groundwater samples and risk of dental fluorosis in and around
Harappanahalli, Karnataka. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:728-733.
Randall, G.W., and T.K. Iragavarapu. 1995. Impact of long term tillage systems for
continuous corn on nitrate leaching to tile drainage. J. Environ. Qual. 24:360-
366.
Rangaraj, S., T. Elamapooranan, L. Elango, and V. Ramalingam. 1996.
Groundwater quality in Suburban regions of Madras city, India. Pollut. Res.
15:325-328.
Rani, D.F.G. 2006. Hydrochemistry of groundwater of Thirumanur area, Tamil Nadu
(India). J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 48:199-202.
Rani, D.F.G., K. Arunkumar, and T. Valarmathy. 2006. Potability of drinking
water sources of eleven villages in Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu. Pollut. Res.
25:171-174.
Rao, C.S., and N.S. Rao. 1995. Groundwater quality in residential colony. Indian J.
Environ. Health 37:295-300.
Rao, N.S., and G.K. Rao. 1991. Groundwater quality in Visakhapatnam urban area,
Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Environ. Health 33:25-30.
Rao, S.S.V., and P.C. George. 1959. Hydrology of Karapuzha estuary, Malabar. J.
Mar. Biol. Assoc. India 1:212-233.
Rao, S.V.L., T.S. Rao, and S. Sreenivasulu. 2005. Analysis of groundwater quality
of Nellore coast by correlation technique. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:545-
549.
References
278
Rao, V.V.N., and N. Prapurna. 2005. Statistical analysis of groundwater quality
parameters in an industrial area of Hyderabad. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol.
4:139-142.
Raveendran, O., P.S. Gore, T.S.G. Iyer, P.R.G. Varma, and V.N.
Sankaranarayanan. 1990. Occurrence of enteric bacteria in seawater and
Mussels along the southwest coats of India. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 19:282-284.
Ravichandran, C., A.A. Moses, K. Girija, and P.P.S. Chakravarthy. 2002.
Drinking water quality assessment in few selected pilgrim centres and tourist
spots in Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 22:129-136.
Ravinder, V., C. Ravinder, and K.V. Rao. 2005. Groundwater pollution due to
dumping of municipal solid waste at Warangal. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 25:523-
526.
Ravisankar, N., and S. Poongathai. 2007. Spatial analysis of groundwater quality in
the Tsunami affected coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 6:583-588.
Rawat, M., and G.R. Jakher. 2008. Microbial risk assessment based on faecal
coliforms determination and sanitary inspection survey of water source of
Jodhpur city in Thar desert of Rajasthan. Pollut. Res. 27:599-603.
Reasoner, D.J., J.C. Blannon, and E.E. Geldreich. 1979. Rapid seven-hour faecal
coliforms test. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:229-236.
Reddy, M.C.S. 1998. Fluoride distribution in groundwaters of Kurnool district in
Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Environ. Health 40:240-252.
Rice, E.W., M.J. Allen, D.J. Brenner, and S.C. Edberg. 1991. Assay for ß-
glucuronidase in species of the genus Escherichia and its applications for
drinking-water analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:592-593.
Richariya, L.K., and M. Ravi. 1998. MPN and E. coli in groundwater samples of
Rewa area (M.P.), India. Indian J. Environ. Pollut. 5:73-77.
Rose, R.E., E.E. Geldreich, and W. Litsky. 1975. Improved membrane filter method
for faecal coliforms analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 29:532-536.
References
279
Rozemeijer, J.C., and H.P. Broers. 2007. The groundwater contribution to surface
water contamination in a region with intensive agricultural land use (Noord -
Brabant, The Netherlands). Environ. Pollut. 148:695-706.
Ryu, H., A. Alum, and M. Abbaszadegan. 2005. Microbial characterization and
population changes in nonpotable reclaimed water distribution systems.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:8600-8605.
Sachidanandamurthy, K.L., and Yajurvedi. 2006. Monthly variation in water
quality parameters (physico-chemical) of a perennial lake in Mysore city.
Indian Hydrobiol. 7:217-228.
Salle, A.J. 1974. Fundamental Priniciples of Bacteriology. 7th ed. Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 761-891 pp.
Salve, P.R., A. Maurya, D.S. Ramteke, and S.R. Wate. 2008. Fluoride and other
inorganic constituents in groundwater. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 28:45-48.
Sastry, C.A., K.M. Aboo, and M.N. Rao. 1969. Incidence of coliforms and
enterococci in natural waters. Environ. Health 11:32-40.
Sastry, K.V., Shukla, V. and Abusaria. 2003. Impact assessment of industrial
pollution on groundwater. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:250-255.
Sato, C., M. Haga, and J. Nishino. 2006. Land subsidence and groundwater
management in Tokyo. Int. Rev. Environ. Strategies 6:403-424.
Sawant, C.P., V.S. Shrivastava, and G.C. Saxena. 1996. Metals in well water
samples collected from tribal area of Satpura valley. Indian J. Environ. Prot.
16:906-908.
Sawyer, C.N., and P. L. Mc Carty. 1967. Chemistry for sanitary engineers, McGraw
Hill, New York.
Saxena, N., and H. Kaur. 2003. Evaluation of groundwater quality of Bareilly city.
J. Indian Pollut. Control 19:169-174.
Saxena, S., U. Chandrawat, R. Swami, and A. Rani. 2008. Physico-chemical
characteristics of potable water of eastern Rajasthan with special mention to
fluoride. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 9:809-815.
References
280
*Schardinger, F. 1892. Ueber das Vorkomen Gahrung erregender spltpilze in
Trinkwasser und ihr Bedeutung fur die hygienische Beurtheilung desselben
(The occurrence of fermentative bacteria in and their significance for the
sanitary evaluation of drinking water) Wien. Klin.Wochenschr. 5:421-423.
Schubert, R.H.W., and P. Scheiber. 1979. Occurrence of Salmonellae in drinking
water from water supply systems in Togo. Zentralblatt-fuer-Bakteriologie-
Parasitenkunde-Infektionskrankheiten-und-Hygiene-1B 168:356-360.
Seenayya, G. 1971. Ecological studies of the plankton of certain freshwater ponds of
Hyderabad. Hydrobiology 37:7-31.
Serrano, L., and M.E. Delorenzon. 2007. Water quality and restoration in a coastal
subdivision stormwater pond. J. Environ. Manage. 88:43-52.
Shamabadi, N., and M. Ebrahimi. 2007. Use of bacterial indicators for contamination
in drinking water of Qom, Iran. J. Appl. Sci. 7:2456-2461.
Shanthi, R., S. Lalitha, D. Kalaivani, P. Anjugam, and R. Pathampriyal. 2008.
Studies on the quality of water from Pulivalam village near Tiruchirappalli.
Indian J. Environ. Prot. 6:557-560.
Sharma, B.S. 1999. A study on water quality of river Yamuna at Agra. Indian J.
Environ. Prot. 19:440-441.
Sharma, J.D., P. Jain, and D. Sohu. 2005. Quality status of groundwater of
Sanganer tehsil in Jaipur district. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:207-212.
Sharma, M. R. 2004. Assessment of groundwater quality of Hamirpur area in
Himachal Pradesh. Pollut. Res. 23:131-134.
Sharma, N., and H.P. Sharma. 2009. A study of groundwater quality by evaluating
water quality index from physico-chemical parameters in Kamrup Metropollitan
district, Assam. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:152-158.
Shetty, A.P.C., S.B. Saha, and B.B. Ghosh. 1965. Studies on the hydrographical
features of Mahanadi estuary. In: Fish and Fisheries of India. ed. Jhingran,
V.G. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 216 p.
References
281
Shirey, J.J., and G.K. Bissonnette. 1991. Detection and identification of ground
water bacteria capable of escaping entrapment on 0.45-µm-pore-size membrane
filters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2251-2254.
Shortt, H.E., G. R. McRobert, T. W. Barnard, and A.S.M. Nayar. 1937. Endemic
fluorosis in the Madras Presidency. Indian J. Med. Res. 25:553-568.
Shrivastava, P., and A. Asthana. 2006. Seasonal variations in groundwater quality in
upper part of Patan block, Durg district, Chhattisgarh. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 5:111-117.
Simon, M., and Wunsch. 1998. Temperature control of bacterioplankton growth in a
temperate large and deep mesotrophic lake. Aquat. Microbial. Ecol. 16:119-
130.
Singh, B.K., K.K. Srivastava, and S.K. Srivastava. 2007. Water quality assessment:
Part I – Urimari area of South Karanpura coalfield. Indian J. Environ. Prot.
27:410-419.
Singhal, R.N., S. Jeet, and R.W. Davies. 1986. The physico-chemical environment
and the plankton of managed ponds in Haryana, India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.
India 95:356-363.
Sinha, D.K., and G.K. Rastogi. 2007. Physico-chemical characteristics of
underground drinking water at Moradabad. Pollut. Res. 26:345-349.
Sinha, D.K., and R. Saxena. 2006. Statistical assessment of underground drinking
water contamination and effect of monsoon at Hasanpur, J.P. Nagar (Uttar
Pradesh, India). J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 48:157-164.
Sivakumari, K., K. Jayamalini, V. Kalaiarasi, and M. Sultana. 2005. Variations in
hydrographic factors of Adyar estuary during different seasons. Nat. Environ.
Pollut. Technol. 4:353-361.
Slanetz, L.W., and C.H. Bartley. 1964. Detection and sanitary significance of faecal
streptococci in water. Am. J. Publ. Health 54:609-614.
Smitha, P.G., K. Byrappa, and S.N. Ramaswamy. 2007. Physico-chemical
characteristics of water samples of Bantwal taluk, South-western Karnataka,
India. J. Environ. Biol. 28:591-595.
References
282
Sobsey, D.M., and K.F. Pfaender. 2002. Evaluation of the H2S method for detection
of faecal contamination of drinking water. Department of Environmental
Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill. 43 p.
Srikantaswamy, S., P.H. Krishnegowda, and T. Raghunath. 2007. Assessment of
groundwater status around industrial areas of Mysore city, Karnataka, India. J.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 17:463-471.
Srivastava, A. K., D.K. Mishra, S. Tripathi, and P. Singh. 2007. Determination of
water quality index and suitability of groundwater in a college in Balrampur,
U.P. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:315-319.
Stevenson, F.J. 1986. The internal cycle of nitrogen of soil: Carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulphur and micronutrients. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Straskrabova, V., and J. Fuksa. 1982. Diel changes in number and activities of
bacterioplankton in a reservoir in relation to algal production. Limnol.
Oceanogr. 27:660-672.
Strayer, D.L. 1994. Limits to biological distributions in groundwater. In:
Groundwater Ecology, Academic Press, New York.
Sulochana, N., B.S. Inbaraj, K. Selvarani, and V. Thirumurugan. 1999.
Monitoring, correlation and possibilities of contamination of groundwater in
Thuvakudi village, Tiruchirapalli district. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 19:290-295.
Sundaram, L., and V.R. Prakasam. 2008. Distribution of iron in water of
Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 9:833-934.
Sundari, V., R. Valliappan, and A. Dheivamani. 2004. Bacteriological quality of
drinking water in and around Chidambaram taluk of Cuddalore district. Pollut.
Res. 23:757-759.
Sunitha, V., M.R. Reddy, and G.S. Raju. 2009. Fluoride contamination in
groundwater of Uravakonda and its correlation with other water quality
parameters, Anathapur district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Environ. Prot.
29:451-460.
References
283
Suresh, T.S. 1996. Fluoride in groundwater of Chiknayakanahalli taluk, Tumkur
district, Karnataka, India. Workshop on Challenges in Groundwater
Development, Madras University. 185-188 pp.
Suryanarayana, K. 1995. Effect of groundwater quality on health hazards in parts of
Eastern ghats. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 15:497-500.
Susheela, A.K. 1985. Epidemiology and control of fluorosis in India. Fluoride
18:120-121.
Suthar, S.S., C. Singh, R. Kumar, G.S. Diviya, and M. K. Kaushik. 2005b.
Groundwater quality of Sri Ganganagar city, Rajasthan. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 4:515-519.
Suthar, S.S., S.M. Lahiri, S. Kumar, H. Yadav, P. Rajput, D. Bakolia, H. Singh,
and A. Kumar. 2005a. Physico-chemical properties of some fresh water
bodies of Hanumangarh, Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. Pollut. Res.
24:695-698.
Swain, S.K., A. Kund, and R.K. Patel. 2002. Contamination of fluoride in the
drinking water in Balasingi - Singipur village of Khurda district, Orissa. Indian
J. Environ. Prot. 22:141-145.
Swamy, K.N., and P.D. Reddy. 1994. Groundwater pollution from unsewered
sanitation - A case study. J. IPHE 4:52-61.
Swati, J., S. Verma, V. Chitnis, N. Himvani, and R. Trivedi. 2000. Bacterial
contamination in underground water in Indore city. J. Environ. Pollut. 7:309-
312.
Swistock, B.R., and W.E. Sharpe. 2005. The influence of well construction on
bacterial contamination of private water wells in Pennsylvania. J. Environ.
Health 68:17-22.
Sworobuk, J.E., C.B. Law, and G.K. Bissonnettee. 1987. Assessment of the
bacteriological quality of rural groundwater supplies in Northern West Virginia.
Water Air Soil Pollut. 36:163-170.
Tambekar, D.H., and M.V. Kalbende. 2004. Studies on multiple drug resistant
patterns of Salmonella typhi isolated from drinking water in salinity affected
villages in Vidarbha. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 3:467-471.
References
284
Tambekar, D.H., and Y.S. Patil. 2006. Physiological diversity of Escherichia coli
associated with drinking water in salinity - Affected villages as determined by
carbohydrate fermentation. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 5:149-152.
Tambekar, D.H., N. B. Hirulkar, Y.N. Mule, and R.S. Dongre. 2007. Water quality
indexing and correlation coefficient of physico-chemical characteristics of
groundwater in Amravati city. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:45-49.
Tambekar, D.H., R.P. Jadhav, V.R. Dhundale, S. R. Gulhane, S.D. Tambekar, and
D.D. Bhokare. 2008. Revalidation of testing methods for assessing microbial
safety of drinking water. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2:129-133.
Tambekar, D.H., S.R. Gulhane, and R.B. Vaidya. 2005. Bacteriological quality
index of drinking water in villages of Purna valley of Vidarbha by H2S method.
Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:333-337.
Tatawat, R.K, and C.P.S. Chandel. 2007. Characterization of quality and suitability
of groundwater of Jaipur city for the multipurpose usages. Pollut. Res. 26:681-
685.
Thakare, S.B., A.V. Parwater, and M. Rao. 2006. Status of fluoride and study of
endemic fluorosis - An overview. Environ. Pollut. Control J. 9:1-3.
Thorn, R.H., and C.E. Coxon. 1992. Hydrological aspects of bacterial contamination
of some western Ireland Karstic limestone aquifers. Environ. Geol. Water Sci.
20:65-72.
Todd, D.K. 1980. Groundwater Hydrology, 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York. 535 p.
Todd, D.K. 1995. Groundwater Hydrology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
Singapore.
Toolan, T., J.D. Wahr, and S. Findlay. 1991. Inorganic phosphorus stimulation of
bacterioplankton production in a mesoeutrophic lake. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 57:2074-2078.
Toth, J. 1963. A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins. J.
Geog. Res. 68:4795-4812.
References
285
Totin, H.S.V., M. Boko, and P.A. Edorh. 2008. Groundwater pollution in
Shantytowns of Cotonou: Which strategies to limit waterborne diseases risks?
Coupling Sustainable Sanitation Ground Water Prot. 14-17.
Trevett, A.F., R. Carter, and S. Tyrrel. 2004. Water quality deterioration: A study
of household drinking water quality in rural Honduras. Int. J. Environ. Health
Res. 14:273-283.
Tripathi, I.P., N. Richhariya, and S. Tamrakar. 2008. Studies on water of rural
areas of Satna district with special reference to fluoride concentration. Indian J.
Environ. Prot. 28:173-176.
Trivedy, R.K., and P.K. Goel. 1986. Chemical and biological methods for water
pollution studies. Environ. Publ. 15:342-346.
Tyagi, P., D. Buddhi, and R.L. Sawhney. 2003. Forecasting of groundwater quality
of Pithampur industrial area of M.P. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23:293-303.
Tyagi, S.K. 1998. Water resources management and pollution assessment: Indian
scenario. J. IAEM 25:15-21.
Udhayakumar, J., D. Natarajan, K. Srinivasan, C. Mohanasundari, and M.
Balasubramani. 2006. Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of water
from Namakkal and Erode districrts, Tamil Nadu, India. Pollut. Res. 25:495-
498.
Unanue, M., A. Begon, A. Inigo, B. Isbel, and J. Irriberri. 1992. Temporal
variability of attached and free-living bacteria on coastal waters. Microbial
Ecol. 23:27-39.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1973. Quality criteria
for water. ed. Train R.E. Caste House Publication Ltd., Great Britain.
Varghese, J., and D.S. Jaya. 2009. Assessment of the bacteriological quality of
groundwater around the sewage farm in Muttathara-Valiathura area,
Thiruvananthapuram district. Indian J. Environ. Prot. 29:430-434.
Venkatachalam, T., T. Ramachandramoorthy, P. Nagaraja, S. Isaiah, C. Sivaraj,
and B. Kavitha. 2004. Fluoride estimation in drinking water of rural areas of
Salem district. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 14:227-230.
References
286
Venkatasubramani, R., K. Murali, and T. Meenambal. 2005. Groundwater quality
index for Coimbatore east zone. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 4:199-202.
Venkobachar, C., D. Kumar, K. Talreja, A. Kumar, and I. Iyengar. 1994.
Assessment of bacteriological quality using a modified H2S strip test. Aqua
(Oxford) 43:311-314.
Verma, M.C., and P.K. Thakur. 1998. Assessment of drinking water quality of an
industrial township of South Bihar. J. Environ. Pollut. 5:17-21.
Verma, P.K., and D.K. Paul. 1996. Bacteriological water quality in a Hill stream of
Santhal Pargana, Bihar. J. Environ. Pollut. 3:97-101.
Vermani, O.P., and A.K. Narula. 1989. Applied Chemistry, Theory and Practicals,
Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 54 p.
Vervier, P., and J. Gibert. 1991. Dynamics of surface water/groundwater ecotones in
a Karstic aquifer. Freshwater Biol. 26:241-250.
Vijay. and V. Kumar. 1994. Impact of effluents of cracker manufacturing units on
groundwater in Shivakasi. Indian J. Indus. Pollut. Control 10:145-148.
Vishwanath, G., and K.S.A. Murthy. 2004. Status of groundwater quality of Tumkur
town. Pollut. Res. 23:391-394.
Vyas, H.V., and V.A. Sawant. 2007. Study of underground water quality from
industrial area of Kolhapur city. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 6:685-688.
Vyas, H.V., and V.A. Sawant. 2008. Seasonal variations in drinking water quality of
some borewell waters in urban area of Kolhapur city. Nat. Environ. Pollut.
Technol. 7:261-266.
Wagh, S.P., and V.S. Shrivastava. 2007. Relation between COD and BOD in
sewage and groundwater samples around Nasik city. Indian J. Environ. Prot.
27:165-167.
Waite, T.D. 1984. Microorganisms and Public Health. In: Principles of Water
Quality. ed. Hillel, Shuval, Academic Press, London.
Wavde, P.N., and P.R. Shaikh. 2008. Potability status of groundwater in Malegaon
village of Nanded district, Maharashtra. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 7:55-
References
287
60.WHO. 1984. Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health
Organisation, Geneva.
WEF, Water Environment Federation, 1995. Standard Method for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater 19th edition. American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C.
WHO, 1985. Guidelines for drinking water quality (Drinking water quality control in
small-community supplies), World Health Organisation, Geneva, Vol. 3, 3121
p.
WHO, 1992. Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organisation,
Geneva.
WHO, 1996. Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organisation,
Geneva.
WHO, 1997. Guidelines for drinking water quality. 2nd ed. Vol. 3, Surveillance and
Control of Community Supplies. World Health Organisation, Geneva.
WHO, 1998. World Health Organisation. Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol,
2, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
WHO, 2002. Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organisation,
Geneva.
WHO, 2004. Guidelines for drinking water quality, World Health organization’s
Recommendations, Geneva.
Wommack, K.E, and R.R. Colwel. 2000. Virioplanktonic viruses in aquatic
ecosystems. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:69-114.
Worku, Y., S. Ejigu, W. Erge, and L. Jemaneh. 1999. Chemical, physical and
microbiological characteristics of various sources of water in and around Addis
Ababa. Ehiop. J. Health Dev. 13:239-246.
Yamakanamardi, S.M., and R. Goulder. 1995. Activity and abundance of
bacterioplankton in three diverse lowland water courses. Ragul Rivers 10:51-
67.
References
288
Yassin, M.M., S.S. Amar, and Al-Najar. 2006. Assessment of microbiological water
quality and its relation to human health in Gaza Governorate, Gaza strip. Public
Health 120:1177-1187.
Yates, M.V. 1985. Septic tank density and groundwater contamination. Ground
Water 23:586-591.
Zamxaka, M., G. Pironcheva, and Y.O. Muyiman. 2004. Microbiological and
physico-chemical assessment of the quality of domestic water sources in
selected rural communities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water
S A 30:333-335.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Originals not seen