13 iwa specialized conference on small water and...
TRANSCRIPT
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WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST
CENTURY: ISSUES FOR THE DESIGN OF SMALL TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Presented at the
13th IWA Specialized Conference onSmall Water and Wastewater Systems
Athens, GreeceSeptember 14–16, 2016
George Tchobanoglous and Harold Leverenz Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California, Davis
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DISCUSSION TOPICS
• A Paradigm Shift and Fundamental Question• 21st Century Challenges and Issues• New Technologies for the 21st Century• Treatment for Different Endpoints • Probabilistic Process Design• Urine Separation and Processing• Closing Thoughts
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A PARADIGM SHIFT AND FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION
A PARADIGM SHIFT: A NEW VIEW OF WASTEWATER
Wastewater is a renewable recoverable source of potable water, resources, and energy.
A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION
What is the optimal use of the carbon in wastewater?
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21ST CENTURY CHALLENGESAND ISSUES FOR SMALL WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• Population demographics• Impact of climate change
• Decreasing per capita flowrates• Decentralized non-potable
water sources
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POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS FAVOR DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS
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Impact of Climate Changeon Rainfall Intensity and
Operation of WWTPs
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CURRENT AND PROJECTED PER CAPITA WATER USEIN THE UNITED STATES
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IMPACT OF WATER CONSERVATION AND DROUGHT:SOLIDS DEPOSITION, H2S FORMATION, AND
DOWNSTREAM CORROSION DUE TO REDUCED FLOWS
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DECENTRALIZED NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES FORTHE 21ST CENTURY
• Alternative primary treatment processes• Enhanced primary treatment• Enhanced primary-secondary treatment• Approaching closed loop• Algae removal of algae with charged
bubble flotation
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ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT: CHARGED BUBBLE FLOTATION
• 1/5th the size of conventional clarifiers• Nanoparticles can be added to charged bubble for removal
of specific constituents
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ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT: CLOTH DISK FILTER (5-10 μm)
Fiber thickness = 0.007 mmDepth filter L/D = 400 to 800Cloth filter L/D = 425 to 725
Vacuumsuction head
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Replace and RepurposeExisting Primary Clarifiers
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ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT WITH PRIMARY EFFLUENT FILTRATION (PEF) BEFORE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Compressible medium filters
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ENHANCED PRIMARY-SECONDARY TREATMENT WITH BACKWASHING UNSATURATED-FLOW PUMICE FILTER
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA FOR PUMICE FILTER
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ADVANTAGES OF PUMICE FILTER
• High organic loading rate• Single or multi-pass operation• The filter is located above ground• Easy to prefabricate and plumb at treatment site • Being above ground, filter is easy to maintain• Filter is easy to aerate• Lower energy input
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RELATIVE SIZE OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT PROCESSES BASED ON NITROGEN LOADING
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COMPLETE TREATMENT WITH PUMICE FILTER
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RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR TOILET FLUSHING
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APPROACHING NET-ZERO WATER: ENERGY-POSITIVE MUNICIPAL WATER MANAGEMENT
Source: Jim EnglehardtUniversity of MiamiCollege of Engineering
UV/peroxone oxidation
Campus dormUniversity of Miami
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ALGAL REMOVAL WITH CHARGED BUBBLE FLOTATION PROCESS
Effluent turbidity typically, <1 NTU
Thickened algae ~4-5%
Algae dewatered on straw bed
Flotation tankChemical mixing tankDewatering tank
Dewatered sludge beingprepared for composting
Compressible mediumeffluent filtration
Pasteurization fordisinfection
Lagoon feed water
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ARE ALL SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES SUITABLE FOR PR?
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DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS FOR ALTERNATIVE END POINT
It is time to rethink wastewater treatment
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IMPACT OF CHANGE IN OPERATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS
ON OCWD MF RESISTANCE
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PROBABALISTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DECENTALIZED
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS FOR DIFFERENT USES
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DEVELOPMENT OF REQUIRED LOG10 REDUCTION VALUES FOR INDIRECT AND DIRECT POTABLE REUSE
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LOG10 PATHOGEN REDUCTION TARGETS (LRT05)FOR VARIOUS WATERS AND USES
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UNIT PROCESSES IN RECYCLE SYSTEMFOR TOILET FLUSHING
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PERFORMANCE OF UNIT PROCESSES IN RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR TOILET FLUSHING
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STASTICAL DATA FOR UNIT PROCESSES IN RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR TOILET FLUSHING
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MONTE CARLO PERFORMANCE SIMULATION (10,000 SAMPLES) OF RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR TOILET FLUSHING
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URINE SEPARATION AND NUTRIENT RECOVERY
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NUTRIENTS AND TRACE ORGANICS IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER: A CASE FOR URINE SEPARATION
Source: Jönsson et al.(2000) Recycling Source Separated Human Urine.
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SCHEMATIC OF SEPARATION PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF NUTRIENTS FROM URINE
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URINE SEPARATION PROCESS AND PRODUCTS (Ammonium bicarbonate and struvite)
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URINE SEPARATION FACILITY AT MICROBREWERY, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA
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URINE SEPARATION, STORAGE, AND NUTRIENT RECOVERYFROM BUILDINGS AND INDIVIDUAL RESIDENCE
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CLOSING THOUGHTS
• Must think differently about wastewater• Must embrace new technologies• Must consider different treatment endpoints• Must consider probabilistic design • Must consider alternatives methods for
resource recovery from urine
IT’S A NEW WORLDUNLEASH YOUR IMAGINATION!
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING