12.10.09. 1. according to the heliocentric model, what is at the center of the universe? 2. what is...
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12.10.09
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1. According to the heliocentric model, what is at the center of the universe?
2. What is Francis Bacon’s significance to the scientific revolution?
3. The Catholic Church believed that __________ was the center of the universe.
4. T or F – Margaret Cavendish believed that humans were masters of nature.
5. What is Maria Winkelmann’s significance?6. According to rationalism, what is the center of
all knowledge? (Descartes)
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Homework – 315 – 317 and outline!Mike/Bob scenarioNotes
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Can scientific laws apply to human behavior?
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Locke – people can learn from experiences and improve themselves; thought government should protect peoples’ rights.
Others believed that laws similar to Newton’s scientific laws could be applied to society ideal society.
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Locke thought that if a government sucked, the people could overthrow it!
Hobbes (last chapter) thought people were selfish and nasty
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Philosophe = French word for philosophers Focused on 5 major concepts:
Reason Nature Happiness Progress Liberty
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French Liked idea of religious
tolerance, criticized Christianity.
Believed in deism – religion based on reason and natural laws. [God created the universe and then let it run according to natural laws]
Influenced Bill of Rights
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Montesquieu - separation of powers
Legislative, judicial and executive branches of government – limit and control each other
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Denis Diderot: published the first encyclopedia
Adam Smith: economics The state should not regulate the economy Laissez-faire: let people do what they want.
Freedom to pursue own economic interests. Wrote The Wealth of Nations Thought government should do only 3
things: protect from invasion, defend against injustice and keep up public works
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Rights for the accused –speedy trials, better treatment for prisoners
Against torture and capital punishment
Punishment should fit the crime
Influenced modern justice system
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Men thought that educated women would be idle and wicked
Mary Wollstonecraft - argued that women needed education, and should participate in government
Many wealthy women helped spread Enlightenment ideas by having big social gatherings in Salons
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Women and men deserve EQUAL rights
Enlightenment = big deal.
Rethought political systems
Inspired French and American Revolutions.