Description of activity: Material (Steel sheets with sharp edges) are stored in the raw material storage area. An overhead crane is used to move the material to a rack near the shearing machine which is about 30 meters away from raw material storage. Individual sheets are lifted manually from the rack and moved to the shearing machine. Shearing (or cutting) takes place, cut pieces are removed manually (stretching is required) and kept on nearby racks. Scrap is removed manually (considerable bending is required) and moved to the scrap area

Hazard identification

Definition of key terms

OH & S Hazard Risk Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Tolerable / Acceptable Risk Safety

Key Definitions

Occupational Health and Safety Conditions and factors that affect

the well-being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the workplace

Key Definitions

Hazard Source, situation or act with a

potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a combination of these (Ill health refers to identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and/or made worse by a work activity and/or work related situation)

Name any three hazards in your institute

Key Definitions

Risk Combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)

Key Definitions

Hazard Identification Process of recognizing that a

hazard exists and defining its characteristics

Key Definitions

Risk Assessment Process of evaluating the risk(s)

arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable

Key Definitions

Tolerable / acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a

level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligation and its own OH&S policy

Key Definitions

Safety Freedom from unacceptable risk of

harm

Heinrich’s principle

1 for Serious Injury

29 for Slight Injury

300 without InjuryAccidents are a Part

of the Iceberg

Based on analysis on over 550 thousand occupational accidents

H. W. Heinrich got the 1-29-300 principle from his analysis on over 550 thousand occupational accidents. The accidents were classified into 3 categories of serious injury (lost work-day: more than one day), slight injury (no lost work-day) and not injured.

What are the broad categories of hazards?

Hazards: Broad Categories

Work Equipment, e.g. entrapment in machinery, equipment without ergonomics consideration.

Workplace, e.g. uneven floors, poor lighting, high noise level.

Materials and substances, e.g. dusts, welding fumes.

Environmental, e.g. temperature extremes, both hot and cold.

Working practices and procedures, e.g. poor manual handling techniques, unhygienic conditions

Hazards

Struck by : person struck by object Struck against : person strikes against object Contact With: Contact with energy source like electrical,

hydraulic, thermal, pneumatic Caught between : pinched, crushed between objects Caught on : person or his clothing gets caught on an object Awkward Posture: exertion due to stressful / awkward posture Caught in : person caught in opening Fall to Same level: Fall to same level by slipping or tripping Fall Below: Fall to level below EX: Exposure to gases, dust, mist, UV, IR, Noise etc Excessive force, exposure to stressors from excessive force Excessive repetitions, exposure to stressors by excessive

frequency

Hierarchy of controls Elimination – Modify a design to eliminate the hazard

(Mechanized instead of manual packaging) Substitution – Substitute a less hazardous material or reduce

the system energy (Lower the force, pressure, temperature, current)

Engineering Controls – Ventilation systems, machine guarding, interlocks, sound enclosures

Signages, warnings and / or administrative controls – Alarms, safety procedures, equipment inspections, access controls

PPE – Safety glasses, hearing protection, face shields, safety harnesses and lanyards, respirators and gloves

Determining need for controls

Description of activity: Material (Steel sheets with sharp edges) are stored in the raw material storage area. An overhead crane is used to move the material to a rack near the shearing machine which is about 30 meters away from raw material storage. Individual sheets are lifted manually from the rack and moved to the shearing machine. Shearing (or cutting) takes place, cut pieces are removed manually (stretching is required) and kept on nearby racks. Scrap is removed manually (considerable bending is required) and moved to the scrap area

Hazard identification

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 Planning – Legal and other requirements

Identification and access to legal and other OH & S requirements

Applicable requirements to be reckoned while establishing, implementing and maintaining OHSMS

Up to date Communication

Persons Other relevant interested parties

Safety related legislation in India Factories Act and MFR Gas Cylinder Rules SMPV Rules The Electricity Act and IER Petroleum Act and Rules IBR MSIHC PLI

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 Planning – Objectives and

Programmes Documented objectives at relevant levels

and functions Measurable where practicable Consistent with OH & S policy Consideration to

Legal and other requirements OH & S risks Technological options Financial, Operational and business

requirements Views of relevant interested parties

Policy Objectives

Policy

Objectives

To minimise injuries and illnesses to employees.

To Reduce the Accident Frequency/Severity Rate by 50% over the Next 2 Years.

To reduce the number of hand injuries in the Warehouse & Maintenance department by 20% for the year 20__.

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 OH & S Objectives and Programmes

OH&SMPs for achieving objectives

Responsibility and authority Means and time frame Review at regular and planned

intervals and adjust to ensure objectives are achieved

Implementation and Operation – Resources, Roles, Responsibility, Accountability and Authority Ultimate responsibility for OH&S and OH&SMS Top Management has to demonstrate commitment by

Ensuring availability of resources Defining roles, allocating responsibilities and accountabilities

and delegating authorities Documented and Communicated

Top Management appointee (TMA) Roles, responsibilities and authority of TMA Identity of TMA to persons All with management responsibility to demonstrate

commitment to continual improvement of OH&S performance

Responsibility of persons in the workplace

OH & SMS AND OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation – Competence, Training, and awareness Competency of personnel Appropriate education, training and /or

experience Records Training Needs identification, fulfillment,

evaluation of effectiveness, records Awareness related to

OH&S consequences and benefits Roles and responsibilities Potential consequences

Training procedures – responsibility, ability, language skills, literacy and risk

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation – Communication, Participation and Consultation Internal, with contractors / visitors and from external

interested parties Participation of workers

HIRADC Incident investigation Development and review of OH&S policies and objectives Consultations when changes affect their OH&S Representation on OH&S matters Workers to be informed about their participation arrangements including

their representative on OH&S matters Consultation with contractors when changes affect

their OH&S Consultation with relevant external interested parties

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation –Documentation OH&S Policy and objectives Description and scope of OHSMS Description of main elements,

interaction, reference to related documents

Documents , including records required by OHSAS

Documents, including records necessary to ensure effective planning, operation and control of process related to OH&S risk management

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation – Control of Documents

Controlled Control of records Approve for adequacy before issue Review, update and re-approve Identification of changes and current

revision status Availability of relevant versions at use points Legible and readily identifiable Identification of documents of external

origin and control distribution Unintended use of obsolete documents and

identification

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation – Operational Control Identification of operations and activities

associated with identified risks where controls are necessary to manage risks (including management of change)

For these operations and activities Operational controls, integration of operational

controls in OH&SMS Controls related to purchased goods, equipment

and services Controls related to contractors and visitors Where absence could lead to deviations for

OH&S policy and objectives Documented procedures to cover situations Stipulate operating criteria

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Implementation and Operation – Emergency Preparedness and Response Identify and respond to potential

emergency situations Respond to actual emergency

situations and prevent/mitigate adverse OH&S consequences

Reckon needs of relevant interested parties like emergency services, neighbours

Testing, involving relevant interested parties

Review and revision

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Checking – Performance Measurement and Monitoring M & M OH & S performance

Qualitative and quantitative Objectives Effectiveness of controls Proactive measures Reactive measures Record data and results

Calibration and maintenance of equipment

Calibration records

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Checking – Evaluation of Compliance Periodic Evaluation of compliance

with applicable Legal and Other Requirements

Record results

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Incident Investigation, nonconformity and CAPA Record, investigate and analyse incidents Underlying OH&S Deficiencies and Causative factors Need for Corrective action Opportunities for Preventive action Continual Improvement Opportunities Communicate results Investigate in timely manner Results of incident investigation to be documented and maintained

Requirements Identify and correct nonconformities and take action to mitigate OH&S

consequences Investigate, determine causes and take action to avoid recurrence Evaluate need for preventive action Record and communicate results of CAPA Review effectiveness of CAPA RA of corrective and preventive actions Appropriate to magnitude Commensurate with OH & S risk Necessray changes to OHSMS documentation

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Control of Records Identification, storage, protection,

retrieval, retention and disposal of records

Legible, identifiable, traceable

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

These will include at least HIRA Legal and other requirements related Status review records of OMPs Training needs evaluation and training

records Records wrt competence of individuals wrt

OH&S Audits etc in the department Incident/accident and CAPA Medical records if applicable

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Internal Audit OH &S MS audits at planned intervals Conformance to planned arrangements including

OHSAS Implementation and maintenance Effectiveness in meeting policy and objectives Information to management Audit program based on results of RA, results of

previous audits Audit procedure to address

Responsibilities, competencies and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated results

Audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods Selection of auditors and conduct of audits to

ensure objectivity and impartiality

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Management Review Top management Planned intervals Continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Assess Opportunities for improvement and need for changes Records of MR to be maintained Inputs to MRM

Results of internal audit, evaluation of compliance , participation and consultation, relevant communication from interested parties, OH&S performance of organization, objectives , incident investigation and CAPA, follow up from previous MRMs, changing circumstances and recommendation for improvement

Outputs – Decision and actions OH&S Policy, Objectives, Resources and other elements Communicate and Consultation

Relevant outputs from MR to be made available for communication and consultation

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Thank you