1178961693 2006 society and culture notes

8/2/2019 1178961693 2006 Society and Culture Notes

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Census

Ballot

Surveys/Questionnaire

Statistical analysis

Content analysis

Qualitative research involves analysis and interpretation of yourresults, allowing the researcher to draw an opinion, thesis or conclusion.The results gained will generally be opinions held by different individuals,whether they are experts or not. A smaller sample area of qualitativeresearch is often used rather the vast area in which quantitative researchentails. These characteristics of qualitative research make it exceedinglydifficult for the researcher to compare results

Interviews

Observation

Questionnaires

Content analysis

Personal & Social Identity

Socialisation is the way in which an individual becomes a member ofsociety, through accepting the social norms and behaviours of society, andhow we develop an understanding of our own particular sense of self andidentity.

Family: your family composes the most of ones micro world;hence it is a large influence. The compositions of families havechanged over time. Families are often the source of social normsthat instruct an individual in what is acceptable.

Peers: those people of your own age with whom you share theexperience of growing up. The peer group plays an influential rolein exposing an individual to viewpoints that differ to those of theirfamily

Location: closely linked to the concept of environment. Producesconcepts such as class and status. By moving house an individual isable to learn to adapt. Moving location can also assists in building asocial identity.

Media: agents that communicate information, entertainment andnews. It is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid the media.

School: the law insists that an individual must attend school until

the age of fifteen. School is a large influence on a developingindividual

Society

Culture

Other: religion, politics, etc

Adolescence is a social construct, the period coinciding with teenageyears where developmental changes are occurring. Society regards


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adolescence as separate from childhood but does not give the fullresponsibility of adulthood. Gives the individual a time to develop anidentity in preparation to becoming a member of society. Adolescencedoes not exist in some societies. Relatively recent tem, 1945

Rites of passage: the events or ceremonies recognised at either a

personal or social level that acknowledge an accepted change of status.They can be seen as a social marking point, celebrating the successfultransition from one life stage to another. In westernised societies rites ofpassage have change from involving the whole community to being morepersonal. There are three stages in rites of passage:

1. separation: where you are removed from society2. transition: where your status is ambiguous3. reincorporation: where you are accepted back into society with

a new status

The media: the effects of the media on the public have been topicof concern since it fluctuated in popularity, primarily in the 1950s when

television become part of everyones lifestyle. Although existenceresearch has gone into this issue it is still unclear the effects of themedia, as there are many other aspects in an individuals life that willcontribute to their state. Members of society have accepted the difficultyto prove the effects of thew media upon the recipient as they believe thatif links rea created the authoritative figures will use this evidence torestrict what is broadcasted. The media is a way of communicatinginformation, a current affairs, fashions, expectations and values, attitudesand beliefs of the current society. Forms of the media include magazines,newspapers, television, movies, books, radios, and the list goes on.Teenagers spend at least 6 hrs of their day using the media (TV games,

internet, SMS, instant messaging, I-pods, etc). In fact the researchersbelieve that the connection between violence in the media and behaviourin teenagers is one such as the one between smoking and lung cancer. In2005 the Adolescent Medical Clinic released a study recognised the linkbetween increased coverage of suicide in the media and consequentlyincreased suicide rates among teens. An example of this is the Columbineshootings in Colorado.

Intercultural Communication:

Communication is the transfer of mess, idea or information fromone person to another. Verbal communication is language, spoken or

written, 35% of communication is verbally communicated, 50% of themeaning is gathered through non verbal communication. Tone, volume,levels of formality, speed and pauses will influence the meaning of themessage.

A voice reveals age, gender, origin, emotional state and theirrelationship with the person with whom they are communicating to.

When we speak we encode a message to send and we decodeinformation when receiving a message


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Vocal paralanguage: the different ways in which words can besaid, this includes tone , pitch, accent, confidence and emotion

Symbols are used to stimulate emotion, especially in email

Often in communication tone and volume will be influenced byculture, for example Thailand

Intercultural communication is greatly bettered we one is able tounderstand the other persons language.

Non verbal communication includes body language, gestures,clothing and hairstyle. Aspects of non verbal communication often includeconformity with the customs and norms of the culture.

Body language, gestures, eye contact, personal space, patterns oftouch and observable cultural differences will influence non verbalcommunication

As non verbal communication is where the majority if meaning isgathered from it is an essential ingredient in breaking down culturalbarriers

Cultural norms will often influence non verbal communication, suchas whether you are allowed to touch the person to whom you arecommunicating, etc

Gestures and their meaning vary form culture to culture

Intercultural communication is important living in a multiculturalsociety

Intercultural misunderstandings:

The way you respond to other peoples behavior is the beginning ofintercultural misunderstandings

Assumptions and stereotypes will often lead to intercultural

misunderstandings Ethnocentricuity

Prejudices

Strategies to achieve successful intercultural communication

Strive for empathy

Be willing to communicate and enthusiastic to learn

Listen and observe carefully

Perseverance as both parties may make mistakes

Re-examine assumptions

Learn as much as you can about the culture that you will be

communicating with Be wary if culture shock with misunderstandings

Be willing to share you own culture

Learn some phrases in the other person language

Overcome ethnocentric feelings

1178961693 2006 society and culture notes

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