• 11/28 Focus:– Rome and Carthage fought over

control of the Mediterranean sea. Control of this body of water meant gaining control of trade. Once Rome won the battle they were able to make more money and grow more than ever before

• Do Now– Identify the two main social groups

in Rome.

Review• What was the difference between the

government in Athens and the government in Rome?

Ancient RomeAncient Rome

Roman MilitaryRoman Military

Punic WarsPunic Wars

The Roman MilitaryThe Roman Military

• All landowning men 17-46 had to serve in the army during wartime

• Roman army organized into legions– Legions divided into

centuries led by Centurions

– Highly disciplined and a well trained soldiers

•

Rome Takes Italy

• 509 BC – 264 BC• Romans defeat

Etruscans and Greek cities in southern Italy

• Romans granted conquered people with many of the rights of Roman citizens – Demanded soldiers

from conquered people

The Punic Wars

• Roman expansion into Sicily brought it into conflict with Carthage

• Carthage was a Phoenician trading colony in North Africa

• Rome and Carthage fought a series of wars for control of the Mediterranean

The First Punic War• Carthage-strong

navy vs. Rome-strong army

• Early part of the war fought at sea allowed Carthage to win early battles

• Rome adapts and strengthens its own navy

• Rome is able to defeat Carthage – Carthage pays for

war damages and gives up Sicily

The Second Punic War

• Rome and Carthage come into conflict over control of Spain (218-201 BC)

• Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy– Well trained army and

war elephants cross the Pyrenees and Alps

– Hannibal defeats Roman armies and creates chaos in Italy

The Second Punic War

• Italy invades Carthage – Led by Scipio– Hannibal forced to

return to Carthage • Scipio defeats

Hannibal outside Carthage

• Carthage forced to give up its lands in Spain and in North Africa

• Army and navy are destroyed

The Third Punic War• Roman Senator Cato

pushes for the destruction of the Carthage– Many people were still

angry for the huge losses suffered when Hannibal invaded Italy

• Rome declares war against Carthage (149 BC) and Macedonia (Greece)

And to conclude…

Carthage must be destroyed

And to conclude…

Carthage must be destroyed

The Third Punic War

• Rome defeats the Macedonians and take control of Greece and Persia

• Destroys Carthage and enslaves the entire population– It is said that the Romans sprinkled salt

into ground so that nothing would ever grow in Carthage again

• Rome dominates the Mediterranean – Influx of Greek culture into Rome

•

Closure

• Why were the Punic Wars fought? • Why did some Romans have such

hatred for Carthage after the second Punic War?

• What was one effect of the Roman victory in the Punic Wars?