11/18/20151 daily food for thought list the basic trace of food through the digestive system
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Daily Food for Thought
• List the Basic Trace of Food through the Digestive System
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Basic OrganizationMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestineAnus
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Learning Target:I can list the parts of the monogastric digestive system and describe the functions of each.
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Digestion is the process by which large, complex nutrient molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by the organism for food.
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Different Digestive SystemsThe three different types of digestive systems
are: Monogastric
Pseudo-Ruminant or Modified Monogastric
Ruminant
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Humans, swine, and dogs all have a simple stomach, which is also known as a
monogastric digestive system.
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MonogastricCarnivores and
omnivores have monogastric digestive systems.
Monogastric systems have a simple stomach structure and only one compartment.
Some animals with monogastric digestive systems are pigs and dogs. Humans also have monogastric digestive systems.
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Structures in MouthLipsTeethTongueSalivary glands
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Monogastric TeethFunction:
Mechanically reduce particle size
Increase surface area
Four types:Incisors are used for
cutting Canine (fangs, eye teeth, tusks)
are tearing teeth Premolars and molars (cheek
teeth) grind the food
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Monogastric TongueFunction:
Comprised of three muscles Maneuvers food in the mouth
Moves feed to teeth for grinding and to the back of the mouth for swallowing
Can distinguish between feed and toxins by papillae or taste buds
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Monogastric Salivary GlandsTypes of Glands:
Parotid
Sublingual
Mandibular
Zygomatic
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Functions of SalivaMoisten feed (salt and water)Lubrication (aids swallowing)Starch and(or) lipid digestion (amylase
and(or) lipase)Volume of saliva
1 - 1.5 L/d man and pig7 - 10 L/d horse
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Deglutition (Swallowing)Reflex initiated by presence of food in
pharnyxPropulsion of food to stomach by esophageal
peristalsis
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Digestive SystemMouth: “Prehension” tool (grasps food)
Salivary glands secrete juices containing enzymes (digest food)
Chewing food breaks down Esophagus: muscular tube that connects
mouth to stomachPeristaltic Movement: sequential contraction
of ringlike musclesReverse Peristalsis = vomiting
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Gastric Digestion• Functions
– Reservoir for controlled release of digesta to small intestine
– Mixing food– Mechanical breakdown of feed– Hydrolytic digestion by acid and enzymes
• Mainly protein– Kill bacteria
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Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive
system continued…•Small Intestine
-enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption
of the end products of digestion 1. duodenum - most digestion occurs
here 2. jejunum - some digestion and some
absorption occur 3. ileum - mostly absorption
-Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in the small intestine, emulsifies fat to aid in digestion
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Intestinal villi
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Digestive SystemAccessory organs:Pancreas secretes enzymes to break down fatLiver (largest internal organ) and gall
bladder which secretes bile, which digests fatsalso stores iron
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Large Intestine• Composed of three segments
– Cecum– Colon– Rectum
• Function– Fermentative digestion
• No enzyme secretion• Relies on microbes or secretions washed out of the SI
– Absorption of remaining water, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from microbial fermentation and minerals
– Digesta storageDegree of development is species dependent
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Monogastric Large IntestineFunction:
Absorption of liquidMass movements move fecal matter to anusUsually only a few times a day
Associated with defecation
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Different Digestive SystemsThe three different types of digestive systems
are:
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Digestion is the process by which large, ________________ molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by the organism for food.
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Humans,________, rabbits, _________and horses all have a simple stomach, which is also
known as a _______________digestive system.
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Monogastric_________and
omnivores have monogastric digestive systems.
Monogastric systems have a simple stomach structure and only ______ compartment.
Some animals with monogastric digestive systems are pigs and dogs. _______ also have monogastric digestive systems.
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Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive
system continued…•Small Intestine
-enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of ____________, carbohydrates, and_______;
absorption of the end products of digestion 1. duodenum -______________________2. ________- some digestion and some
absorption occur 3. ileum -_________________________
-Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in the small intestine, ___________________to aid in digestion.
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Large Intestine• Composed of three segments
– ______________– ______________– ______________
• Function– ________________ digestion
• No enzyme secretion• Relies on microbes or secretions washed out of the SI
– ______________ of remaining water, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from microbial fermentation and minerals
– Digesta storage