Desalination and Water Security

Presentation to JCEC AGM Nov 2011

Neil Palmer, CEO

Australia

The National Centre of Excellence in Desalination Australia

Established in 2009 $20m funding over 5 years from

Federal Government’s National Urban Water and Desalination Plan

Research Roadmap developed

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14 Research Partners

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Funding over 5 years:

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Source

Australian Government $20m

WA Government $3m

Partners $7m

Sponsors $1m

Murdoch University $11m

Project Partners $30m

TOTAL $72m

The Australian Desalination Research Roadmapdeveloped priority research themes, validated by industry

Pre-treatment Reverse osmosis desalting Novel desalting Concentrate management Social, environmental and

economic issues

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Research Projects

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Funding Round

Projects NCEDA Funds

PartnersCash and

In Kind

TOTAL

1 11 $2.8m $8.1m $10.9m

2 12 $3.0m $6.9m $9.9m

3 11 $3.8m $7.6m $11.3m

TOTAL 34 $9.6m $22.6m $32.1m

FR 4 opening Monday!

Projects by priority research themes

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Total 34 projects

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125

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4Pretreatment

RO

Novel

Concentrate

Social

Desal Discovery Centre

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Desal Discovery Centre

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10Desal Discovery Centre at Chemfest 12 Nov 2011

Murdoch University Vice ChancellorProfessor Richard Higgott

NCEDA Chief Scientific Officer Professor David Furukawa

NCEDA CEONeil Palmer

People

Larry Lopez

Larry Lopez

Graeme Rowley

People

Students

International collaboration

Pilot Scale Test Facility

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Membrane distillation

Pilot Scale Test Facility

Pilot Scale Test Facility

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Membrane distillation

Pilot Scale Test Facility

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Great Victoria Desert

Tjuntjuntjara

Tjuntjuntjara

What is the place of seawater desalination in Australia’s

natural cycle of drought and floods?

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NCEDA vision for desalination:

Efficient and sustainable augmentation of traditional water sources to provide security against the natural variability of rainfall and potential future impact of climate change

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23The Australian Millennium drought 1997-2010

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Pejar dam, Goulburn, NSW November 2005

The Australian Millennium drought 1997-2010

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The Australian Millennium drought 1997-2010

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Extensive flooding in Eastern states in January 2011

The drought breaks

27Wivenhoe Dam, Brisbane, January 2011

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Population Growth

Water Quality

NCEDA’s new vision for desalination?

Efficient and sustainable augmentation of traditional water sources to provide security against: the natural variability of rainfallpotential future impact of climate changedeclining traditional source water quality population growth

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Australian Population Density

Source: ABS Statistical Local Area-based projections. Compiled by the Environmental Information Resources

Rainfall

Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology

Australian rainfall change

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1900 - 2010 1970 -2010

Change in rainfall, mm/ 10 years

Source: The Critical Decade Climate Change Commission May 2010 p33

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Perth, Australia

Page 34

Perth reservoir inflows long termSt

ream

flow

s(G

L/pa

)

13.1 GL

Courtesy Water Corporation

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Decline in groundwater resources

Distillation in 1895, Coolgardie

Australian Desalination

Coolgardie, 1895: distillation Golden Pipeline

Perth

Adelaide

Whyalla

Melbourne

Sydney

Brisbane

Gold Coast

Karratha

Major Australian desalination plants

Courtesy of Water Corporation

Perth 1 145 MLD

Courtesy of WaterSecureGold Coast 125 MLD

Sydney 250 MLDCourtesy of Sydney Water

Adelaide 300 MLD Courtesy of SA Water Corporation

Perth 2 - 300 MLD Courtesy of Water Corporation

Melbourne 450 MLD Courtesy of Victorian Government

Australia’s current major desal plants

PLANT MLD MGD PSDP 145 38 Gold Coast 125 33 Sydney 1 250 66 Adelaide 300 78 SSDP 1 150 39 Cape Preston 140 47 Melbourne 1 450 118TOTAL 1560 419

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Potential future plantsPLANT MLD MGD Whyalla 280 73 SSDP2 150 39 North Brisbane 150 39 North Perth 150 39 NSW Central Coast 50 13 WA West Pilbara 30 8 WA South Downs 35 10 TOTAL 845 221

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City Water Consumption

02/03*, GL

Desal Capacity,

ML/D

DesalCapacity

GL/y

Percent Desal

Sydney 634 250 91 14%

Melbourne 479 450 164 34%Brisbane SWRO 223 125 46 20%Brisbane Reuse 223 232 85 38%

Brisbane Total 223 357 130 58%Perth PDSP 212 144 53 25%Perth SSDP 212 150 55 26%

Perth Total 212 294 107 51%

Adelaide 178 300 110 62%

TOTAL 1726 1651 603 35%

* WSAAfacts 03

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Perth Adelaide

Trad Desal

2012 Desal Capacitycf 2003 (pre drought) Consumption

Note: Brisbane desal capacity includes Western Corridor recycling

So what do we tell people about desalination?

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For an average household, if all the water came from desalination, the energy used is about the same as that used by the refrigerator

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The McMansion.Energy to desalt all the day’swater is used by the air conditioning system in lessthan 30 minutes

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The 747 has 4 engines each 24 MW and cruises at 66 MW – equivalent to 3 Perth Desal Plants

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Queen Mary 2• 117 MW installed power• More than enough power to make desalinated water

for the whole of Perth

Source: Wikipedia 2011- RMS Queen Mary 2

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All energy use for the big Australian desal plants is offset with wind and solar energy

Very low operating carbon footprint

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08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 08/09 08/09 11/12 11/12

Residential Charge $157.30 $137.60 $142.40 $234.40 $157.30 $234.40

0-30 kL $1.28 $1.93 30 $57.90

0-120 kL $0.71 $0.97 120 $85.20

30-130 kL $2.48 $2.75 100 $275.00

120-520 kL $1.38 $1.88 70 $96.60

>130 kL $2.98 $2.98 60 $178.80

>520 kL $1.65 $2.26

190 $339.10 190 $746.10

Difference between total annual water bill in 08/09 and 11/12 $407.00

Weekly amount $7.80

SA Water price from SA Minister for Water Security

SA Water price increase for desalination

Affordable water security

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Giant Cuttlefish, SA

Courtesy of Water Corporation

2.5 ha

Cockburn Sound, WA

PSDP

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Concentrate return

Kwinanaoutfall impact finding: “The effluent from the desalination plant is so highly

diluted that it does not have a measurable impact on stratification or dissolved oxygen in the deep basin (>10m) of Cockburn Sound”

Centre for Water Research, Uni of WA: Summary of Investigations into the Impact of the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant Discharge on Cockburn Sound, August 2007

International Workshop on Intakes and Outfalls

GWI Desal Short School

Adelaide, South Australia 16-18 May 2012

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www.desalination.edu.au

THANK YOU

Neil PalmerCEO

Australia