1100-1200: The Crusades

The Byzantine Empire

● experiencing threat from the Turkish invaders○ would sack travelers going to

the Holy Land● in 1095, Alexius I asked

Pope Urban II for mercenary troops to help defend his empire

*Pope Urban II

● at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban asked Christians to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land ○ Holy Land = Jerusalem○ Muslims captured Jerusalem in

1076

*Pope Urban II

● promised those who fought against the Muslims would be washed away of their sin○ both a Holy War and a pilgrimage ○ similar to the Islamic concept of jihad

Purpose of the Crusades

● unite Christendom○ SCHISM!

● stop infighting between knights and nobility○ TRUCE OF GOD/ PEACE OF GOD

The First Crusade (1096-1099)

● people from all levels of society headed toward Jerusalem

● successfully captured Jerusalem○ killed many Muslims and Jews

along the way○ established Crusader States in the

Middle East

The First Crusade

http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos/the-crusades

More Crusades

● Second Crusade (1147-1148)- Byzantines and Muslims came together to defeat the Western invaders○ failure for Western Christians

● Third Crusade (1189-1193)- Christians made treaty with Saladin, leader of Islamic forces

More Crusades

● Fourth Crusade (1201-1204)- ended in the sack of Constantinople

● total of eight crusades○ first crusade the most

successful○ ended in 1291 with the fall of

Acre to the Muslims

Significance

● cultural diffusion between East and West● started a power struggle between Islam and

Christianity that still exists today

Is the rise of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) in the Middle East part of a modern crusade movement?

Modern Crusade Movement?

In your notes, complete the Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting ISIS and The Crusades of the Middle Ages

Only Applied to ISIS

Only Applied to the Crusades

ISIS and The Crusades

Think about...

● motivations (reason for doing something)● actions● goals● geography

Summary Paragraph

Using evidence from the article and from lecture today, respond to this question using:1) introduction2) evidence- at least one quote from the article3) conclusion- why is this important!!!!

***HINT: Use your Venn Diagram!***