1.1 g reek r oots of d emocracy. o bjective to understand what ideas arose in ancient greece that...
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1.1 GREEK ROOTS OF DEMOCRACY
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OBJECTIVE
To understand what ideas arose in ancient Greece that contributed to the development of democratic values in the modern world.
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I. RISE OF CITY STATES
Greeks lived in “city-states” and tried different kinds of government
King or monarchy
Aristocracy or noble landowners
Finally, power went to the citizenry
Sparta- military state, run by 2 kings, a council of elders and an assembly of all males over 30
Athens- the city state where democracy emerged.
Council of 500- legislature made up of citizens chosen at random
Assembly – all males citizens over 30 approved all laws
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II. ATHENS IN THE AGE OF PERICLES
Direct democracy- citizens participate and vote directly, not through elected representatives
Jury-panel of citizens who have the final judgment in a trial
Believed in the rights and responsibilities of the individual
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III. GREEK PHILOSOPHY
Philosopher- “lover of wisdom”
Used observation and reason Looked for “natural
laws”
Discussed ethics and morality or standards of human behavior
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III. SOCRATES
Asked “What is the Greatest Good?”
Socratic method-asking a series of questions
Was put on trial and had the chance to run, but stayed and drank the cup of poison to show his loyalty to the state
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IV. PLATO
Socrates’ student Wrote “The Republic” Describes the ideal state Believed in “philosopher
kings”, distrusted democracy (it killed Socrates)
Created a school “The Academy”
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V. ARISTOTLE
Believed in: THE RULE OF LAW
Even the ruler should be subject to the law
Wrote “Politics”
People should live using the golden mean- no extremes
Set up the Lyceum- a school
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VI. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Tutored by Aristotle
Conquered an empire from Greece 2000 miles east through Persia
New mixed culture emerged “Hellanistic”
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QUESTIONS
1. What democratic ideas arose in ancient Greece? (4 at least)
2.Describe the shift in power over time in the Greek city states.
3. What did Socrates, Plato and Aristotle each think of democracy?
4.Describ what “the Rule of Law” means. Who’s idea was this?