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Appendix A

Additional

Windows PowerShellFeatures

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Appendix Overview

Explain the use of Windows PowerShells XML features

Create advanced functions that behave like cmdlets

Write functions or scripts that respond to operating systemevents

Describe and use Windows PowerShells text-manipulation

features, including regular expressions, the replaceoperator, and Select-String cmdlet

Use Windows Forms and WindowsPresentation Framework to create agraphical dialog for use in a script

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Lesson 1: Additional Features Overview

List and describe some of the additional WindowsPowerShell features

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Additional Features

XML Features. PowerShell has the ability to read andinterpret XML documents, and to present the document

information in the form of an object hierarchy.

Advanced Functions.You were briefly introduced to these inthe main portion of the course. These functions are capable ofbehaving almost exactly like a cmdlet, although they arewritten using PowerShells scripting language.

Events.You were introduced to WMI events in the mainportion of the course. You can also write PowerShellcommands that are executed automatically in response togeneral operating system events.

Text Manipulation.Although PowerShell is object-based, youmay need to work with textual data from log files or othersources. The shell offers many features designed to parse andmanipulate text.

Windows Forms.Because it is based on .NET Framework,PowerShell can access the Windows Forms and WPF portionsof .NET Framework, giving you the ability to create graphical

elements for your shell scripts.

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Lesson 2: XML Features

Describe and use Windows PowerShells XML manipulationfeatures

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XML Documents

The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a generic set ofrules that describe how to build text-based documents

that can contain hierarchical data

XML is not any one format

It is a grammar, a set of rules that describe how to buildlanguages

A use of XML is called an XML application

XHTML is an XML-based language used by Web browsers

Other XML applications exist for many other uses

PowerShell can read almost any well-formed XMLdocument, and convert that document to a generic objecthierarchy for shell manipulation

It doesnt understand XML application rules, only XML rules

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XML Hierarchy

Loading an XML document into PowerShell uses a formatsimilar to the one below, where content is cast to XML:

Accessing data within the loaded hierarchy uses a

bracketed numerical notation, such as:

Piping hierarchy objects to Get-Member will display child

objects and properties:

[xml]$xml = get-content example.xml

$xml.computers.computer[0].name$xml.computers.computer[0].services.service[0].servicename

$xml.computers | get-member

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Demonstration: Working with XML

Learn how to use the XML features of Windows PowerShell

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Lesson 3: Advanced Functions

Describe and create advanced functions inWindows PowerShell

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Functions Review

Recall that the primary difference between a normalfunction and an advanced function are the cmdlet-style

parameter definitions in advanced functions

This allows for named parameters, positional parameters,pipeline parameter binding, and simple data validation

Advanced functions can support

confirm

whatif

verbose

ErrorAction

PowerShell advanced functions provide greatmodularization without needing to resort to advancedsoftware development skills or .NET Framework familiarity

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Verbosity

Advanced functions can respond to the verbose switchwithout requiring special support

Simply use Write-Verbose within your function to writeverbose output:

If the function is run with the verbose switch and the$VerbosePreference variable is set to Continue, yourverbose output will appear

If the function is run without verbose, your verboseoutput will be suppressed

You do not need to define the verbose parameter; it existsautomatically and is handled by the shell

Write-Verbose 'Beginning database query'

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Pipeline Parameter Binding

Recall that the two types of pipeline parameter binding areByValue and ByPropertyName

Advanced functions can support both binding types

Parameters are normally accessed within the functionsPROCESS script block

Within that script block, your pipeline input parameter will

contain only one value at a time

The PROCESS script block will execute once for each objectthat was piped into the function

Refer to the Student Guide for two examples of functionsthat accept pipeline parameter binding ByValue andByPropertyName

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Supporting ShouldProcess

Functions that modify the system in any way should bewritten to support the ShouldProcess shell capability

This capability engages when the whatif and confirmparameters are used

If your function is defined as supporting ShouldProcess, youdo not need to declare whatif or confirm

Declaring support for ShouldProcess is part of the functiondeclaration:

Refer to the Student Guide for further details on thenecessary syntax for supporting whatif and confirm

Function Win32Restart-Computer {[CmdletBinding(

SupportsShouldProcess=$true,

ConfirmImpact="High")]

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Data Validation

Additional parameter features can help the shell validateparameter values before the function runs:

You can find more information and parameter options byreading the help files on advanced functions:

[parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string][ValidateSet("Restart","LogOff","Shutdown","PowerOff")]

$action

Help about_functions_advanced*

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Demonstration: Advanced Functions

Learn how to use various features of advanced functions

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Lesson 4: Responding to Events

Describe the purpose of Windows operating system events

Create a Windows Forms timer and enable it to sendevents

Write Windows PowerShell commands that respond toevents

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Events

An event is something that occurs within the operatingsystem, often in response to some real-world interaction.

For example: Moving your mouse pointer over a control like abutton or checkbox. Here, the OS generates MouseMoveevents.

Clicking a control generates a Clickevent.

Internal timers generate a tickevent.

PowerShell can register for notifications of certain eventsfrom certain objects.

You can then have the shell run commands when the eventfires and the event notification is received.

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Creating a Timer

The following Windows Forms timer is configured to tickevery ten seconds

This script creates the timer and enables it, as timers aredisabled by default:

Nothing happens initially, because nothing has registeredto receive those events or do anything with them

# create a Windows Forms timer

$timer = new-object Timers.Timer

# set an interval to 10 seconds$timer.interval = 10000$timer.enabled = $true

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Demonstration: Working with Events

Learn how to use events within the shell

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Lesson 5: Text Manipulation Features

Review methods of the String object

Use the replace, split, and join operators

Use regular expression matching

Use the Select-String cmdlet

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Text Manipulation

The shell includes numerous text manipulation features,including:

Within the shell, strings are objects. Try piping Helloto Get-Member to see the various properties and methods that allowyou to manipulate strings.

The replace, join, and split operators provide easy ways toperform commonly-needed text manipulation functions.

Regular expressions use industry-standard regex syntax toperform pattern matching on strings.

The Select-String cmdlet can perform both simple and regularexpression matches against text, including text that exists infiles on disk.

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Demonstration: Manipulating Text

Learn how to use various text manipulation techniqueswithin the shell

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Lesson 6: Using Windows Forms

Based on an example script, write a script that utilizesgraphical user interface elements to collect and display

user data

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Windows Forms and WPF

Microsoft .NET Framework contains a subset of elementscalled Windows Forms

These are used to construct GUI elements such as dialogboxes

Newer versions of the .NET Framework include theWindows Presentation Framework (WPF)

WPF accomplishes the same thing as Windows Forms, but in adifferent manner

A complete discussion on Windows Forms or WPF is

outside the scope of this course However, using examples in the following demo, you can see

how Windows Forms work and can discuss WPF

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Demonstration: Windows Forms

Learn how to use GUI elements within a script