10/23 Bellringer 5+ sentences

When Franklin Roosevelt was 41, he was crippled by polio. His mother urged him to retire, but his wife persuaded him to return to public life. When Roosevelt decided to run for president, his opponents said his physical condition, among other things, made him unfit for the White House.

Do you think that a person’s physical limitations have anything to do with how well he or she can govern? What qualities do you think makes a person fit to be president?

In the 1920s and 1930s, totalitarian dictators came to power Promise jobs, economic

prosperity and pride in your country (nationalism)

Controlled all aspects of

the nation by getting rid of rivals, ending liberties, and

using censorship & secret police

In Italy, Germany, and Spain, people turned to an extremely nationalist gov’t called fascism

Fascist governments

were controlled by dictators who

demanded loyalty from citizens Fascists did not

offer democracy and used one party to rule the nation

Unlike Communists, fascists believed

people could keep their property

Italy = Benito MussoliniPromised to: revive the economy, rebuild the

military, and create a new Roman Empire Mussolini’s “march on Rome”

The “Blackshirts”

Hitler’s Mein Kampf outlined his plans for Germany

Germans were the “master race”

German was running out of space and needed to

take land in Europe - lebensraum (living space)

The Treaty of Versailles was unfair and should be

ignored

Germany = Adolf Hitler & the Nazi Party

Non-Aryans were inferior

In 1933, Hitler was elected chancellor (prime minister) of Germany

He created SS (military police) and the Gestapo (secret police) to eliminate rivals and control all

aspects of Germany

In 1935, Hitler began limiting the rights of Jews

1938 Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) was a direct and

violent attack on Jewish synagogues and businesses

Nuremburg Laws (1) German Jews are no longer citizens, (2) Jews could not marry anyone that is not Jewish, (3) Jews

had to wear a yellow star

Japan = military dictatorship Hideki Tojo (Emperor Hirohito)

Japan wanted to expand into China for raw materials to help with industrialization

In the 1930s, Japan, Italy, and Germany began aggressively expanding in Africa, Asia, and Europe

Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and mainland China in 1937

In 1935, Mussolini began his campaign to create an Italian Empire by invading Ethiopia

Ethiopian soldiers defending their country from the Italian military

The League of Nations condemned Japan and Italy but did nothing to stop

the attacks in order to maintain world peace

The failure of the League of Nations to stop Italy or Japan, encouraged Hitler to expand Germany too

1936 Rhineland1938 Austria

1938 Sudetenland1939 Czechoslovakia

The League of Nations used appeasement to avoid war with Germany, Italy, and Japan

Mussolini Hitler Chamberlain

At the Munich Conference, 1938