1012 vital signs.ppt

7/25/2019 1012 Vital Signs.ppt

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THE VITAL SIGNSTHE VITAL SIGNS


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HE LOOKS BAD

BY MEASURING THE VITAL SIGNS ONLY YOUCAN HAVE A RELIABLE ASSESSMENTOF

CASUALTYS CURRENT CONDITIONS

YOUR FINDINGS WILL LEAD YOU TO

DECISIONS FOR TREATMENT

FROM THE VITAL SIGNS TREND YOU CAN CHECK

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONSAND

FORESEE THE EVOLUTION


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REFERENCES

PRE HOSPITAL TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT (PHTLS)MILITARY7thEDITION 2011 ISBN 978-0-323-06503-0

CHAPTER 6 PP! ""#$""%

CHAPTER PP! "'$"'6

CHAPTER * PP!+'$*

4


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THE VITAL SIGNS

THEY ARE CALLED VITAL SIGNS BECAUSE THEY GIVEAN INDICATION OF THE PATIENTS MAIN CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE

PULSE

BLOOD PRESSURE

RESPIRATION

ANY MARKED DEVIATION FROM THE NORM IS A

DISTRESS SIGNAL FROM THE BODY

CHANGESOVER TIME ARE AS IMPORTANT AS THE

MEASUREMENT ITSELF

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BODY CORE TEMPERATURE

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IS THE RESULT OF A BALANCE BETWEEN HEAT PRODUCED

HEAT LOST

HYPOTHALAMUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE

REGUALTION BY SPEEDING UP OR SLOWING DOWNTHE CELLS METABOLISM

INCREASE IN METABOLISM INCREASE IN HEAT

HEAT IS DISTRIBUTED BY BLOOD AND IT IS LOST

THROUGH SKIN LUNGS BREATHING E.CRETIONS IF BALANCE IS DISTURBED DEVIATIONS IN BODY CORE

TEMPERATURE OCCURS


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NORMAL BODY CORE TEMPERATURE

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THE NORMAL AVERAGE BODY CORE TEMPERATURE

FOR MOST PEOPLE IS #+!* C '!F

THE TEMPERATURE WILL VARY DEPENDING UPONTHE SITEUSED TO TAKE THE TEMPERATURE,

RECTAL IS THE MOST ACCURATE

A.ILLARY / ORAL CIRCA " DEGREE LOWER


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MEASURING TEMPERATURE

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THE TEMPERATURE CAN BE MEASURED AT,

THE MOUTH (ORAL)

THE RECTUM (RECTAL)

THE ARMPITS (A.ILLARY)

THE METHOD USED WILL DEPEND ON

THE PATIENTS AGE

THE PATIENTS PHYSICAL CONDITION

E2UIPMENT AVAILABLE


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ORAL TEMPERATURE

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IS THE MOST CONVENIENT METHOD

USED FOR RESPONSIVE ADULT PATIENTS

IF THE PATIENT HAS HAD FOOD OR DRINK

OR HAS BEEN SMOKING WAIT "% MINUTES WHEN HANDLING THERMOMETERS HOLD

ONLY BY THE STEM END


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ORAL TEMPERATURE 3 PROCEDURE

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WASH HANDS

CHECK THERMOMETER AND SHAKE DOWN TO 1#%C

PLACE BULB END UNDER PATIENTS TONGUE

INSTRUCT PATIENT TO CLOSE LIPS AND NOT TO BITE

LEAVE THERMOMETER FOR AT LEAST # MINUTES

REMOVE READ AND RECORD TEMPERATURE

WIPE CLEAN WITH MEDISWAB


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RECTAL TEMPERATURE

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IS THE MOST ACCURATE METHOD (4) USED FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

UNCONSCIOUS / UNRESPONSIVE ADULTS

SUSPECTED HYPOTHERMIA

DO NOT USE ON PATIENTS WHO HAVE A RECTAL

DISORDER

(4) LATEST RESEARCHES INDICATE THAT THE EAR$DRUM

TEMPERATURE IS THE MOST ACCURATE BUT ARE

EAR$THERMOMETERS AVAILABLE / USEFUL IN THE FIELD5

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RECTAL TEMPERATURE $ PROCEDURE

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TURN PATIENT ON HIS SIDE TOP KNEE BENT

E.POSE BUTTOCK BUT KEEP PATIENTS PRIVACY

SHAKE DOWN

LUBRICATE

E.POSE ANUS

INSERT BULB SLOWLY ABOUT #7 ASKING THE

PATIENT TO TAKE A DEEP BREATH

HOLD IN PLACE FOR MIN (YOU DO IT)


CLEAN WITH MEDISWAB / USE DISPOSABLE

THERMO COVERS

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A.ILLARY TEMPERATURE

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USED WHEN TEMPERATURE CANNOT BE TAKEN BY OTHERMETHODS

PROCEDURE,

DRY ARMPIT

PLACE BULB IN CENTRE OF ARMPIT POINTED TOWARDPATIENTS HEAD

FOLD ARM ACROSS CHEST AND LEAVE FOR AT LEAST "*MINUTES


CLEAN WITH MEDISWAB

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RECORDING TEMPERATURE

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ALWAYS USE DECIMALS8!9! #+!"

WRITE THE UNITC8:;? F@-?8-8


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THERMOMETERS

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MOST COMMON TYPES ARE, ELECTRONIC DIGITAL THERMOMETER

MERCURY FILLED THERMOMETER (BLUE TIP)

OTHER TYPES ARE,

SINGLE$USE CLINICAL THERMOMETER

8!9! #M TEMPADOT

EAR SCANNING

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LOW READING THERMOMETERS ARE AVAILABLE MERCURY FILLED

USED FOR TAKING AN ACCURATE TEMPERATUREFROM POSSIBLE HYPOTHERMICCASUALTY

SCALE RANGES FROM %C TO*C

CONSIDER ADDING ONE TO THE MEDIC BAG WHENOPERATING IN COLD WET CLIMATES

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LOW READING THERMOMETERS

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THE PULSE

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IT IS DEFINED AS THE E.PANSION AND CONTRACTION

OF AN ARTERY CAUSED BY THE HEART BEATING

NORMALLY RHYTHMIC

WHEN THE HEART CONTRACTS BLOOD IS FORCED

INTO THE ARTERIES THE PULSE WAVE CAUSES AN E.PANSION ALONG

THE ARTERIES

A PULSE IS MEASURED AS AN AID TO DETERMINING

THE PATIENTS CONDITION BY COMPARING IT WITHNORMAL HEART RATE

UNCLASSIFIED


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PULSE SITES

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THE PULSE CAN BE PALPATED AT POINTS WHERE AN

ARTERY LIES CLOSE TO THE SKIN OR WHERE IT CROSSESA BONE,

WRIST (RADIAL)

NECK (CAROTID)

GROIN (FEMORAL)

UPPER ARM (BRACHIAL)

INNER ANKLE (POSTERIOR TIBIAL)

TOP OF THE FOOT (DORSALIS PEDIS)

UNCLASSIFIED


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NORMAL PULSE RATES

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THE NORMAL PULSE IS REGULAR IN, RATE(7)

RHYTHM(PAUSES BETWEEN BEATS)

STRENGTH(E.PANSIONVOLUME OF BLOOD) A

STRONG PULSE IS EASILY DETECTED DUE TOTHE LARGE VOLUME OF BLOOD BEING PUMPED

THE AVERAGE RATE IN ADULTS IS BETWEEN 6* $ *PULSE BEATS PER MINUTE (7)

THE ABNORMAL PULSE RATES ARE CALLED

BRADYCARDIA (SLOWER THAN NORMAL)

TACHYCARDIA (FASTER THAN NORMAL)

UNCLASSIFIED


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BRADYCARDIA

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IT IS A PULSE RATE BELOW 6* 7

PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE MAY HAVE A SLOW

HEART RATE DUE TO DRUGS

ATHLETESMAY HAVE A NORMAL PULSE BELOW 6*

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TACHYCARDIA

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IT IS A PULSE RATE OVER "** 7PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES

EMOTION

E.ERCISE

PAIN

PATHOLOGICAL CAUSES

FEVER

SHOCK

UNCLASSIFIED


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PULSE & BLOOD PRESSURE

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THE PULSE CAN BE USED AS A SIMPLE INDICATOR TO

ESTIMATE THE BLOOD PRESSURE ESPECIALLY IN THE

TRAUMA CASUALTY ASSESSMENT,

RADIAL PULSE PRESENT BP AT LEAST * 77H9

FEMORAL PULSE PRESENT BP +* 0 1 * 77H9

CAROTID PULSE PRESENT BP 6* 0 1 +* 77H9


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THE CAROTID PULSE

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IF NO RADIAL NEITHER FEMORAL BUT YOU FEEL THE

CAROTID PULSE THEN THE BLOOD PRESSURE IS


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NORMAL AVERAGE OF

RESPIRATORY RATES

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SIMPLIFIED BP MEASUREMENT

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IN THE BATTELFIELD (TRAUMA/MASS CASUALTY) BP CAN BE ESTIMATEDACCORDING TO THE

PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT PERIPHERAL PULSES (NO E2UIPMENTIS NEEDED FOR THIS IMMEDIATEAPPROACH)

RADIAL PULSE PRESENT BP AT LEAST * 77H9

FEMORAL PULSE PRESENT BP +* 0 1 * 77H9

CAROTID PULSE PRESENT BP 6* 0 1 +* 77H9


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SKIN COLORATION "/

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TO EVALUATE THE SKIN COLOR IS IMPORTANT

REDNESS OR ERYTHEMA 8!9! FEVER INFLAMMATION ALLERGIES HYPERTENSION HEAT STROKE BURNS

PALLOR OF BLANCHING SKIN 8!9! EMOTIONAL STRESS LIKE FEAR & ANGER ANEMIA LOW BLOOD PRESSURE ORHYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK

JAUNDICE A YELLOWISH SKIN8!9! LIVER DISORDER IN WHICH THE E.TRA AMOUNT OF BILE PIGMENTS IN THE BLOOD ISABSORBED BY THE SKIN (ICTERUS OR HEPATITIS)


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1012 vital signs.ppt

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