1005-1020 commercialisation of acidicc raw water … commercialisation … · ismail ibrahim (ibi)...
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
High acidity in water resources is most common in Malaysia
especially in area where soils are of acid sulphate in nature.
Acidity in water resource occurs when influent into local
stream are of low pH, as low as 3. Other sources of acidified
water resources originates from acidmining drainage ( AMD ). water resources originates from acidmining drainage ( AMD ).
Presence of pyrite leaves high sulphate acid into both surface
and subsurface water flows.
PROCESS OF ACID GENERATION
Oxidation of pyrite by oxygen: sulfur is oxidized to sulfate and ferrous iron is released.
4 FeS2 +15 O2 + 14 H2O � 4 Fe(OH)3 + 8 H2SO4
2 FeS2 + 7 O2 + 2 H2O � 2 Fe2+ + 4 SO42- + 4 H+
Ferrous iron is converted to ferric iron. Certain bacteria increase the rate of oxidation from ferrous to ferric iron.
4 Fe2+ + O2 + 4 H+ � 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O
Hydrolysis of iron: formation of ferric hydroxide (“yellow boy”) precipitate is pH dependant. (pH>3.5)
4 Fe3+ + 12 H2O � 4 Fe(OH)3 + 12 H+
Oxidation of additional pyrite by ferric iron. Note that ferric iron is generated in reaction steps 1 and 2. This
PROCESS OF ACID GENERATION
ferric iron is generated in reaction steps 1 and 2. This is the cyclic and self-propagating part of the reaction and continues until either ferric iron or pyrite are depleted.
FeS2 + 14 Fe3+ + 8 H2O � 15 Fe2+ + 2 SO42- + 16 H+
BACKGROUND
Sungai Bekok which is located in the western part of the state of Johor, passing through the district of Batu Pahat, is the main source for raw water supply to the Sri Gading water treatment plant. 300,000 water consumers in the town of Batu Pahat frequently experienced long periods of water supply interruptions due to the poor raw water quality of too low pH interruptions due to the poor raw water quality of too low pH value that cannot be treated in the Sri Gading water treatment plant. The acidity of the raw water is extremely high for normal economical water treatment processing. Thus, the water treatment capacity of the plant has to be reduced as the conventional liming, adding of calcium carbonate to bring down
the acidity, no longer capable of improving the pH value.
PROJECT
CONTROL ACIDIFIED WATER RESOURCES AT
SUNGAI BEKOK, BATU PAHAT, THROUGH
ELECTRICAL DEIONIZATION
PROF. Ir. Dr. AMIR HASHIM MOHD KASSIM, EN. MOHD NAZRI MOHIDEEN, LIANG KAH TAT, ISMAIL IBRAHIM (IBI)
PROF. Ir. Dr. AMIR HASHIM MOHD KASSIM, EN. MOHD NAZRI MOHIDEEN, LIANG KAH TAT, ISMAIL IBRAHIM (IBI)
PROF. Ir. Dr. AMIR HASHIM MOHD KASSIM, EN. MOHD NAZRI MOHIDEEN, LIANG KAH TAT,ISMAIL IBRAHIM (IBI)
PROF. Ir. Dr. AMIR HASHIM MOHD KASSIM, EN. MOHD NAZRI MOHIDEEN, LIANG KAH TAT,ISMAIL IBRAHIM (IBI)
Ismail Ibrahim (IBI) Prof. Ir. Dr. Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim
Prof. Madya Ab. Aziz Abdul Latiff Prof. Madya Ir. Hj. Abd. Rashid Othman
Prof. Madya Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim Adnan Zainorabidin Nor Haslina Hashim
Kapt Dr. Nor Irwan Ahmat Nor Shahabudin Mustapha
Mohamad Faizal Tajul Baharuddin Md Nazri Mohidin Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
Ismail Ibrahim Sabariah Musa
Tan Lai Wai Tan Lai Wai Zarina Md Ali Norzila Othman
Rafidah Hamdan Roslinda Seswoya
Azra Munirah Mat Daud Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohd
Hartini Kasmin Nor Aliza Ahmad Aeslina Abd. Kadir
Mas Rahayu bt Jalil Mohd. Baharudin Ridzuan
Wan Afnizan Wan Mohamed Muhammad Najib Mohd Razali
Aryani Ahmad Latiffi
Hjh. Safiah Abdullah Khir Liang Kah Tat
Mohamad Niizar Abdurahman
RAW WATER PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEM
HIGH ACIDITY H+ SOIL WATER (LOW pH)
ELECTRICAL DEIONISATION REDUCE H+ (RAISE pH)
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
ANOXIC LIME DRAINAGE REDUCE H+ (RAISE pH) AND
REMOVE HEAVY METALS
NEUTRALISED RAW WATER
FODDER CROP
RAW WATER PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEM MODEL
Acidic Raw WaterElectrical Deionsation
Process
Anoxic Lime Drainage
High pH Treated Raw Water
RESULTS
Voltage Vs Time
1
1.5
2
2.5
Vo
ltag
e (v
olt
)Distance = 8cm
Distance = 4cm
Distance = 3cm
Distance = 2cm
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Time (hour)
Vo
ltag
e (v
olt
)
Linear (Distance =8cm)
Linear (Distance =4cm)
Linear (Distance =3cm)
Linear (Distance =
RESULTS
Time Vs pH
5
6
7
8
9p
HDistance = 8cm
Distance = 4cm
Distance = 3cm
Distance = 2cm
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 5 10 15 20
Time (hour)
pH Distance = 2cm
Linear (Distance =8cm)
Linear (Distance =4cm)
Linear (Distance =3cm)
Linear (Distance =2cm)
STREAM
UNDERGROUND DIVERSION PIPES
ELECTRICAL DEIONISATION BANK
LOW pH FLOW
BIO ELECTRICITY
THE PLAN PRODUCT
DEIONISATION BANK
ANOXIC LIME DRAINAGE
DAM/ GATE WITH
OVERFLOW SPILLWAY
HIGH pH FLOW
FODDER CROPS
LAND OWNERS/ JKKK
JOHOR STATE GOVERNMENT/ MAJLIS DAERAH/
THE COMMERCIALISATION PLAN
Application
Application
Technical Quality Raw Water
1.
2.4. 6.
LIMESTONES
MAJLIS DAERAH/ MAJLIS PERBANDARAN
KUiTTHO ENTERPRISE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION/ FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Application
RM RM3.5.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Sekitar
Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein OnnParit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor
WISHES TO CONVEY OUR DEEPEST APPRECIATION TO THE WISHES TO CONVEY OUR DEEPEST APPRECIATION TO THE PRIME MINISTER OF MALAYSIA
FOR HIS INTEREST FOR THIS PROJECTTHANK YOU
SILVER MEDAL WINNER ITEX 2005 & IPTA 2005
Projek ini the memenangi pingat perak di Pameran
Antarabangsa ITEX 2005 di PWTC Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
pada 19- 21 Mei 2005.pada 19- 21 Mei 2005.
Dan
Pameran IPTA 2005 di PWTC Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Pada 2 October 2005
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Pusat Penyelidekan, Perundingan dan Pembelajaran Berterusan, KUiTTHO
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Sekitar
Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein OnnParit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor
Center for Environment, Construction and Transportation StudiesKUiTTHO
Pusat Kajian Tanah Lembut (RECESS) KUiTTHO
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia
Signing CeremonyMEMORANDUM of UNDERSTANDING
UTHM COMMERICAL SDN. BHD.
and
OTSM (Johor)
for
COMMERCIALISATION OF ACIDIC RAW WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
ACIDIC RAW WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IS DEVELOPED BY THE FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING OF THE
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA IN PARIT RAJA, BATU PAHAT, JOHORE, MALAYSIA
SINCE
2004
FOR
OVERCOMING OF PERIODIC WATER SUPPLY SHORTAGES IN BATU PAHAT DISTRICT CAUSED BY THE EXTREMELY HIGH ACIDITY RAW
WATER
HIGH ACIDITY IN RAW WATER IN BATU PAHAT IS DUE TO THE NATURAL NATURE OF ITS PYRITIC ACID SULPHATE SOIL
DOMINANCE
ACID SULPHATE SOIL ARE AVAILABLE IN WEST COAST OF ACID SULPHATE SOIL ARE AVAILABLE IN WEST COAST OF PENINSULA MALAYSIA, SARAWAK, SABAH, EASTERN
AUSTRALIA, IN THE BOGS OF BRITISH ISLE, ACID MINING DRAINAGE OF COLORADO, PENNSYLVANIA ETC.. ETC.
How extensive are acid sulphate soils?Soil survey data are sketchy for most parts of the world but aggregation of the most recent estimates suggests a total of 24 million hectares world-wide where
acid sulphate soils and potential acid sulphate soils are a dominant feature of the acid sulphate soils and potential acid sulphate soils are a dominant feature of the landscape. Probably there is at least as much again buried beneath peat and non-sulphidic alluvium but which might be exposed by deep drainage or excavations
.Reported extent of acid sulphate soils, estimates in thousands of hectares
Australia 3000 Bangladesh 226 Brazil 1111 Cameroon 250 China 100 Central America 650 Finland 380 Gabon 348 Gambia 160Ghana/Togo/Benin 150 Guinea 825 Guinea-Bissau 1175 Guyanas 1246 India 293 Indonesia 4109 Kenya <100 Kenya <100 Liberia 30 Madagascar 528 Malaysia 657 Mauritania 131 Mozambique 168 Myanmar 1200 Nigeria 1000 North America 100
Philippines <500 Senegal 600 Sweden 140 Sri Lanka 20
Thailand 1500 Uruguay 37
Venezuela 2000 Vietnam 2140 Kampuchea 211
THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ENTAILS
FUNDING BY OTSM (Johor)
with
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGERIAL BY TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGERIAL BY UTHM COMMERCIAL SDN. BHD.
for
RM 500 MILLION ACID RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT PROJECT
RM 500 MILLION ACID RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT
LOCATION:ON THE BANK OF SUNGAI SEMBRONG, PARIT RAJA, BATU PAHAT, JOHORE
SIZE:20 ACRES
CAPACITY: 80 MILLION LITRE DAY (MLD) WATER11 MILLION KG TREATED WASTE WATER DAILY70 MEGA WATT ELECTRIC GENERATION
12 ACRES ACID RAW WATER TREATMENT
PONDS
4 NOS. 300 MT WASTE WATER HOLDING TANKS
POWER INVERTER PONDS
80 MLD WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
POWER INVERTER ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
STATION
LABORATORIES, STORE AND
OFFICES
LAYOUT OF THE FIRST ACID RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT
CHORONOLOGY OF EVENTS
2003 – WATER SHORTAGES2004 – START RESEARCH
2005 – EXHIBIT INVENTION2006 – PATENT APPLICATION2007 – SOURCING FUNDING
2012 - COMMERCIALISATION
Voltage Vs Time
1
1.5
2
2.5
Vo
ltag
e (v
olt
)Distance = 8cm
Distance = 4cm
Distance = 3cm
Distance = 2cm
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Time (hour)
Vo
ltag
e (v
olt
)
Linear (Distance =8cm)
Linear (Distance =4cm)
Linear (Distance =3cm)
Linear (Distance =
Time Vs pH
5
6
7
8
9p
HDistance = 8cm
Distance = 4cm
Distance = 3cm
Distance = 2cm
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 5 10 15 20
Time (hour)
pH Distance = 2cm
Linear (Distance =8cm)
Linear (Distance =4cm)
Linear (Distance =3cm)
Linear (Distance =2cm)
Time 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
pH 3.38 3.57 3.87 4.24 4.59 4.88 5.14 5.58 5.92 6.45 6.45
Voltage 2.40 2.10 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.10 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.30 0.00
mAmpere 16.00 14.00 11.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 0.00
power w 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
mAh 15.00 12.50 10.50 9.00 7.50 6.50 5.50 4.00 2.00 0.50
kW/m3 3.20 2.45 1.65 1.33 0.93 0.64 0.45 0.29 0.13 0.03 0.00
kWh/m3 2.83 2.05 1.49 1.13 0.79 0.55 0.37 0.21 0.08 0.01
Some of the output achieve from model analysis
kW/m3
9.50 kWh/m36080 Ah/m3
compare
Oregon/ Penn State IBI
kW/m3 2.00 3.00
pH Range 5 to 7 < 3 to 7
Time hours
9.50 kWh/m3
6080 Ah/m3
NO DISCUSSION ACTION
1.
UTHM informed ST that Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) was contacted
for information on the Incentives for Renewable Energy. The Deputy Director of KeTTHA clarified
that at present energy derived from natural acid is not categorized, but this matter could be
looked at.
info
2.
ST invited UTHM to give briefing on the proposed commercialization of acidic water treatment at
Sg Sembrong with the emphasis on the electrical output produced in the process. info
3.ST proposed that Sustainable Electric Development Authority (SEDA) should be informed about
this matter.UTHM, KeTTHA & SEDA
4.
ST stated that the Small Renewable Energy Programme (SREP) has been taken over by SEDA with
the implementation of the Renewable Energy Act 2011, Act 725 and Sustainable Energy
Development Authority Act 2011. All Fit in Tarif (FiT) application must go through SEDA.
Info & UTHM
MEETING: PENERANGAN PROJEK PENGKOMERSIALAN RAWATAN AIR MENTAH BERASID DARI
SUNGAI SEMBRONG, BATU PAHAT, JOHOR
DATE: 30 TH JANUARY 2013 (2:30 pm TO 4:00 pm)
PLACE: BILIK MESYUARAT TINGKAT 5, SURUHANJAYA TENAGA, NO. 12 JALAN TUN HUSSEIN,
PRESINT 2, PUTRAJAYA
Development Authority Act 2011. All Fit in Tarif (FiT) application must go through SEDA.
5.As at present the list of resources of RE covered by FiT are biomass, biogas, solar photovoltaic and
small hydro. Info
6.
UTHM pointed out the Renewable Energy Act 2011 in Part 1, Preliminary, Para 2. Interpretation ,
“renewable energy installation” means an installation which generates renewable energy and
includes any technical facility of that installation which converts mechanical, chemical, thermal or
electromagnetic energy directly into electricity;. Henceforth the natural acidic water which is
chemical is covered under this act.
Info, KeTTHA, ST & SEDA
7.
ST suggested that the proposed commercialization of acidic water treatment at Sg Sembrong to be
continued and make request to SEDA to consider this new RE resource. Decision for
reconsideration can be resolved at ministerial level and forward to the Attorney General (AG)
Info & UTHM, KeTTHA
8.
ST cautious on the financing of RE projects as banks are very strict on loans due to present
uncertainties of the FiT rates, performance capability FiT holders, public acceptance and state
restrictions on state own resources. Corporate guarantee funding are proven more successful. Info & UTHM
9.
UTHM requested this discussion is officially noted by ST. ST