100% fad free
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
100% Fad FreeHealth updates on current diet trends
Allison Brewer
May 2, 2012
Presentation OverviewHistory of Fad DietsCurrent Fad Diet OverviewDiet Programs and Systems
◦Weight Watchers◦NutriSystem
Role of the DietitianSummaryFood For Thought in Future
Practice
Learning ObjectivesAt the end of the presentation, the participants will be able to:Identify popular methods for weight loss,
interpret dietary trends, and develop the skills to identify fad diets
Discuss current trends in dietary applications for weight loss and characteristics of popular diets
Evaluate systems and programs developed for weight loss and determine efficacy
Understand the role of the Registered Dietitian in healthy weight loss and dietary interventions
Pop QuizBeverly Hills DietSleeping Beauty DietCigarette DietSacred Heart DietNegative Calorie DietTapeworm DietCheater’s DietBaby Food DietBanana DietBlood Type Diet
What is a Fad Diet?Eating patterns that promote
short term weight lossUsually have no concern for
weight maintenanceTemporary popularity and
solution to what is commonly a chronic condition
Many lack major nutrients, vitamins and minerals
Identify Fad DietsPromise a quick fix.Claims that sound too good to be true.Simplistic conclusions drawn from a complex
study.Dramatic statements that are refuted by
reputable scientific organizations.Lists of 'good' and 'bad' foods.Specialized product used in conjunction for
desired resultRecommendations based on studies published
without review by other researchers or that ignore differences among individuals or groups.
Eliminating 1 or more of the 5 food groups.
Common Fad Diets
“I’m just one stomach flu away from my goal weight…”
Which diet was originally published in 1825 but is still popular today?
A. Raw Foods DietB. Low Carbohydrate DietC. Blood Type Diet
Atkins Diet UpdateLow carbohydrate diet with
intake based on fiber rich vegetables and protein
Research supports: prevention of CVD, lowers LDL and increases HDL (although research not consistent)
Research argues: contributes to osteoporosis and kidney stones
Nutritional Concerns: restrict healthful foods and limit variety
Dukan DietProtein based (excluding pork
and lamb)Designed by French MD Pierre
Dukan4 phases with over 100 “allowed”
foods◦Attack◦Cruise◦Consolidation◦Stabilization
Analysis of Dukan DietPierre Dukan – French MD with 35
years of experience in clinical nutrition
Similar to AtkinsPromises hunger will disappear by day 3Encourages MVI with minerals
Risk of kidney issues, muscle loss, issues with electrolyte imbalances
Restrictive nature - hard to maintain lifelong
British Dietetic Association: “Do-can’t Diet”
National Agency for Food, Environmental and Work Health Safety in France – declared the diet unhealthy
Risk Factors with Dukan Diet
Myth or Fact
You should eat each food group separately for optimal digestion.
MYTH!You’re digestive system is made to handle more than one type of food at a time.
HCG DietHuman ChoriogonadotropinHormone produced by women
during early stages of pregnancyHCG hormone surge signals the
hypothalamus to move nutrients and fat into the placenta
Low calorie diet & supplemental drops or injections
Fact or Myth
Skipping meals helps cut calories and isn’t a bad way to help lose weight.
MYTH!When you skip meals, the natural tendency is to overeat and overcompensate later.
Paleo Diet“The World’s Healthiest Diet”Genetic adaptationsFoods broken down into “do eat”
and “do not eat”◦Foods focus on what humans would
have eaten during the Paleolithic era
Analysis of the Paleo DietClaims
◦Permanently free yourself from acne◦Improve athletic performance◦Slow progression of autoimmune
diseases◦Longer, healthier, more active life◦Lose weight without dieting or
exercise◦Reduce or eliminate your risk for
disease
Analysis of the Paleo DietBenefits
◦Reducing risk of chronic diseases:Risks
◦Not balanced nutrition◦Long term high protein – high
saturated fats◦Long-term maintenance difficult
Paleo Diet: Behind the ResearchType 2 Diabetes and
cardiovascular risk13 pts – 3 women, 10 menOne group on Paleo diet for 3
months, Another on usual diet for 3 months Paleo Diet
Improvements
HgbA1c -0.4%, p = 0.01
Triglycerides -0.4mmol/L, p = 0.003
Diastolic BP -4mmHg, p = 0.03
Weight -3kg, p = 0.01
BMI -1 kg/m2, p = 0.04
Waist Circumference -4cm, p = 0.02
Master Cleanse2 TB lemon juice, 1 TB maple syrup,
1/10 Tsp cayenne pepper and 2 cups water
Drink 6-12 glasses throughout the day for 10 days
Laxative therapy morning and evening
“Help you lose up to 20 pounds, look younger, ease chronic pain, cleanse your body of internal waste and boost your energy levels in 10 days”
How Master Cleanse works3 phases
◦Ease In◦The Lemonade Diet◦Ease Out
Cleanse Stack“Every day of the master cleanse
that you overcome the psychological need to eat, you feel a growing sense of control that motivates you to complete the process”
Risks of the Master CleanseDeficient in calories, vitamins,
minerals and macronutrientsFear of filling our body with
toxins drives many to these diets◦Our bodies naturally rid themselves
of undesirable substances without human intervention
Fasting can rob intestines of healthy bacteria
Laxative abuse
Match the Diet with the correct description
Master Cleanse
Paleo Diet
HCG Diet
“The Pregnancy Diet”
“Healthiest diet in the world!”
Helps you overcome the psychological need to eat
KE DietKetogenic Enteral Nutritionhttp://abcnews.go.com/Health/die
t-brides-feeding-tubes-rapidly-shed-pounds/story?id=16146271#.T58m3NnAE14
Risks of KE DietSudden weight loss often returnsOpens up other medically
“controlled” weight loss methodsEthical dilemma
KE DietA.S.P.E.N. Statement: Using this
medical therapy for weight loss detracts from the health benefit achieved by patients that require this therapy and would much rather eat by mouth◦None of the 5,500 physicians,
dietitians and other professionals in A.S.P.E.N. would support this action
Weight Loss Programs
28 day delivered meal programCatered to your meal preferencesConsider portion sizes while reducing fat and caloric intakeGlycemic Index 1200 – 1500 calories for women,
1500 – 1800 calories for menOffers money back guarantee
NutriSystem - ProsWith exercise, can lose 1-2#/weekEaseFocuses on low fat, whole grains,
fruits and vegetablesAllows for pre-established meal
patterns with snacks and dessertNo calorie countingPre-portioned mealsSocial support, nutrition education
and exercise tips available online
NutriSystem - ConsPreservatives in mealsPre-packaged meals can lack
color and varietyExpensiveCounseling education not from
health professional/RD but “Qualified Counselors”
NutriSystem – Behind the Research
Obese individuals with T2DMStudied commercial weight loss
programs and glycemic control69 patients (49 females, 20 males)
◦Mean age: 52 years, BMI 39, HcgA1C: 7.5%Random assignment to NutriSystem – D
or Diabetes Support and Education program
3 months – Support group also on NutriSystem D
Study duration – 6 months
Research ResultsAt 3 months – 7.1% weight loss from
NutriSystem group, 0.4% weight loss from Support Group, P<0.0001, statistically significant; NutriSystem HgbA1C reduction 0.88% vs 0.03% in Support Group
Show obese patients with improvements in weight and glycemic control can benefit from commercial weight management programs
Points Plus ProgramProtein and fiber-rich foods get
fewer points to encourage dieters to eat more filling foods throughout the day
Unlimited fruit and non-starchy veggies
All foods can fitNamed #1 Best Commercial Diet,
2011
Weight Watchers - ProsSuits women and menCounselingExercise regimen
recommendationsRecipe and meal ideasPartnerships40 years of experienceMobile App
Weight Watchers - ConsCounting points similar to
counting caloriesWeight Watchers for Men – online
onlyOpen-ended plan with lots of
personal controlNot a strong emphasis on fitnessPoints system based solely on
calories, total fat and dietary fiber
Weight Watchers – Behind the ResearchRandom assignment to either
WW group or Self-help group◦48 in WW group, 40 in Self-help◦Means BMI = 33.7 kg/m2◦85% women◦2 year duration
Weight Watchers Research ResultsMaximum weight loss
◦5.3 # at 26 weeks in WW group◦1.5# at 26 weeks in Self-Help group
Maintenance in 2 years◦3.2# in WW◦0# in Self Help
How do I use this information?
7 Steps to Successful Weight Loss1. Low-calorie, low-fat diet•To lose weight, one must create an energy deficit •Maintain consistency with weight loss program
2. Eat a consistent diet from day to day. • Encourage self-control, minimize unplanned food temptations, foster self-discipline, and increase one’s ability to persevere with the diet
3. Eat breakfast• Suppresses midmorning hunger• Produces better blood glucose control
4. Incorporate physical activity
5. Check body weight frequently•Form of accountability and self-monitoring
6. Limit TV viewing time
7. Take corrective action when weight is regained• Many formal weight loss programs report that dieters frequently regain weight 3-5 years after they achieve their goal weight loss
Role of the RD
Role of the RDSystemic review of 31 long term
diet studies◦2/3 of dieters regained more weight
within 4-5 years after the program than they initially lost
Kelly Brownell, MD◦Director of Rudd Center for Food Policy
and Obesity at Yale University◦Dieting is perceived as a threat to
survivalImmune function and decreased NK
cell activity
Role of the RD
Role of the RDNever learned skills for behavior
change200 overweight and obese
individuals◦Group 1 – weight loss program with
one hour counseling◦Group 2 – weight loss program with
one hour exercise (low intensity)Results – Group one maintained
weight after 3 year follow-up
ConclusionFad diets are eating patterns that
promote short term weight lossWhen a weight loss program
sounds too good to be true, it probably is
Effective weight loss programs can be used as primary education
RD can help process lifestyle changes and goals to making desired changes
Food For ThoughtAre we already crossing the line
of what is ethical when medical professionals recommend or endorse potentially dangerous programs?
How far will society go to make losing weight easier?
References 1. Lowe MR, Miller-Kovach K, Frye N, Phelan S. An initial evaluation of a
commercial weight loss program: short-term effects on weight, eating behavior and mood. Obesity Research 1999; 7 (1): 51-59.
2. American Council on Exercise – Weight Management. Available at www.acefitness.org
3. Fletcher, D. Fad Diets. Time Magazine: Health. 15 Dec 2009. Accessed April 27, 2012. Available at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1950931,00.html
4. Gilden Tsai A, Wadden TA. Systematic Review: An evaluation of major commerciation weight loss programs in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005; 142 (1): 56-66.
5. WebMD – Women’s Health Weight Loss: Spotting Fad Diets. Available at http://women.webmd.com/fad-diets
6. Eat right for your type. Available at dadamo.com
7. WebMD – The Dukan Diet Review. Available at http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/dukan-diet-review?page=2
References 8. US News Health: Can the Dukan Diet do it? April 5, 2011. Available at
http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/diet/articles/2011/04/05/can-the-dukan-diet-do-it
9. The Dukan Diet. Available at Dietsinreview.com
10. HCG Diet. Available at Dietsinreview.com
11. WebMD – The Lemonade Diet (Master Cleanse Diet). Available at http://dadamo.com/http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/the-lemonade-diet-master-cleanse-diet?page=2
12. Weight Watchers. Available at Dietsinreview.com
13. FoxNews – Cleansing diet may be worthless, dangerous. Available at http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,214802,00.html
14. Discovery Fit and Health – NutriSystem Diet: What you need to know. Available at http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/diets/nutrisystem4.htm
15. Discovery Fit and Health – Paleo Diet: What you need to know. Available at http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/diets/paleo-diet2.htm
Questions?