10 Years of Open Content

David Wiley, PhDBrigham Young University

Instructional Psychology & Technology

Where to begin?

Free software

http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/Images/saintignucius.jpg

http://www.flickr.com/photos/49968232@N00/2549830623http://www.flickr.com/photos/95229107@N00/1817276189 http://www.flickr.com/photos/95229107@N00/2125865619

Winter, 1998

http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/files/www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/nodes/2565/raymond007-5-2.jpg

“Goodbye, Free Software; Hello, Open Source”

http://www.digijet.net/img/opensource.gif

http://www.marshall.edu/finance/avpadmin/BlockM.jpg

Digital content is magic

http://www-acerc.byu.edu/Figures/BYUMedallionSM1.jpg

http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/ana_bookstore?size=_original

Let’s do this for content

A GPL for content?

OpenContent Principles / License (OPL)

Principles in a license?

http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/Images/saintignucius.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/ImageNupedia.png

Little uptake in education

Education = Publishers

So, in 1999...

http://flickr.com/photos/x180/888971170/

Open Publication License

Much better uptake!

http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/grokking-the-gimp.gif

Requires attribution

Allows what you’d expect

But there were problems

OP/L vs OPL

Calling OPL the “open content license”

OPL options

Option ATo prohibit distribution of substantively modified

versions without the explicit permission of the author(s)

Option BTo prohibit any publication of this work or derivative

works in whole or in part in standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes unless prior permission is

obtained from the copyright holder.

Who named these?!?

And how do I tell which?

How do we fix this?

http://flickr.com/photos/35034363287@N01/2236177028/

2002, CC licenses

1.0 licenses

Attribution election

Noncommercial election

NoDerivs election

Not one license w/ options

Multiple, named licenses

(Still a button problem)

2.0 licenses

Attribution mandatory

(Back to OPL structure)

And fixed the buttons!

Enough with the licenses!

Skipping ahead... (GFDL)

Where are we today?

What level of adoption?

Over 75,000,000 photos (CC)

Over 7,000,000 articles (GFDL)

8,000 Songs, 580 Albums, 250 Artists (CC)

125,871 Moving Images, 51,454 Live audio,276,179 Audio recordings, 466,065 Texts (var)

And in education?

4,000 university courses (CC)

500 university textbooks (var)

16,000 K-12 curriculum units (CC)

Over 1600 individuals and 160 organizations

Where are we going?

CC0 and CCPlus

4 books in 24 university beta this fall (CC)

Public, online, completely open curriculum

Some problems ahead

License incompatibility

http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/choose/license/licwizeng

http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/choose/license/licwizeng

Leaves a 9 x 9 grid

With 23 smileys

28% compatibility

0% compatibility w/ GFDL

How can we remix?

Noncommercial, adj. ?

How popular is NC?

Over 76% of CC Flickr uses NC (75M)

7b. Perpetual+ 8c. Severability

Overnight relicensing!

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode

The next 10 years look GREAT