10 using ethanol_for_domestic_energy_supply_in_west_africa
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Project to Promote The Use Of Ethanol As a New Household Fuel For Nigeria
ANGA, SIMEON BOMA CHAIRMAN CASSAVA AGRO INDUSTRIES – 03-2012
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Why the use of ethanol for Cooking? The rationale (Statement of Problems)
The costs of fossil fuels are rising and so are the budgets of most African Countries who spend an average of 55-60% of national budget on importation and subsidization of liquid petroleum fuels for their domestic economies.
African countries cannot cope with this rising cost. Most African economies may experience stagnation & worsen the poverty trap except alternative bio fuels are produced to substitute the unsustainable imports of petroleum.
Nigerian Goverment to commence Deregulation in the 1st quarter of 2011
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WHY USE ETHANOL FOR COOKING?
Blackened pots, walls and ceiling
Health: eye irritation, coughing
Long distances for gathering 6-8 hours or more
Rape, beatings, intimidation, threat of murder, theft
Falls and injuries, dehydration, injuries to back, legs and kidneys
Lack of wood
Lack of time for education, income generation, or access to services
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Long lines await delivery of kerosene in a fuel station.
Replacing kerosene with ethanol is financially more rewarding than replacing gasoline, since Nigeria pays more for kerosene.
The retail fuel market in Nigeria has been plagued by high prices, scarcities, and quality problems. Purchasing fuels from abroad creates a FOREX problem.
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Traditional fuels for sale in Nigeria. The city’s cash economy pulls in these wood fuels, but they are no longer cheap.
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Two examples of dirty, smoky fuels in common use:
Animal dung
Tif tif for sale.
This fuel is a blend of charcoal dust and clay.
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Dung Crop Wood Kerosene Gas Alcohol Electricity
PM
10
(g
/me
al)
CO
(g
/me
al)
Emissions Along the Energy Ladder
CO (g/meal)
PM10
Our tests show that alcohol fuels used in the CleanCook stove are
the cleanest and safest alternative for the 80%+ of homes in the developing world that do not have adequate or reliable access to electricity.
PM10 are small soot particles 10 μ in size or less. PM10
indicates that even smaller, more dangerous particles are present.
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Sub Sahara Africa homes suffer from extreme energy
poverty.
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Mother and child in a smoky Kitchen cooking in Nigeria
Extremely high particulate matter and CO. kills
360,000 women and children every year in Sub
Saharan Africa (WHO 2006)
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The Cassakero VISION
“To provide Sub Saharan Africa Rural Households with a locally made bio- ethanol Cooking fuel and appliances for household use that will be available, affordable and accessible, creating new jobs and reducing poverty while enhancing food and energy security in the nation without harming the environment.”
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Multi Energy crops Refinery: farms of 1-100 ha
Sweet potato Sweet sorghum
Cassava Banana
Sugar cane
Coffee residues
Small rural communities
Micro-plants
1.000 – 2.000 lt/day
5 – 10 t crop/day
< – 1 ha crop/day
Central storage Plant
(bulking)
Transport
Ethanol
(99,5%)
Ethanol
(99%)
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PROJECT MISSION
“To establish a dedicated national bio-ethanol output of 4 million liters per day produced from small scale-bio ethanol refineries to provide the household Cooking fuel requirement of 4 million families in four years (2012-2015).”
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Immediate Objectives To set up in collaboration with the Government of
Nigeria & other donor international partners a National pilot & demonstrational ethanol plant complete with a system for the feedstock production & the supplies of appliances as a proof of concept.
To advocate the formulation of favorable policies to promote the emergence of this new industry in Nigeria.
Secure funds Nov2010-January.2011
Pilot: Construction Start January 2011 ends April 2011
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The Project To establish an integrated pilot plant as a “proof
of concept” to demonstrate the feasibility and economic viability of ethanol production from farm gate base refineries using energy crops and its use as clean low cost cooking and household fuel.
Capacity: 1,000 Liters/day
Providing fuel for: 1,000 household
50 Out growers: 100 hectares
Feedstock: Non Edible Cassava, sweet sorghum
Clean Cook Stoves: 1,000 : total project cost:$250,000
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Where are we?
Project conceptual documents fully developed
Business plan & feasibility study for a pilot plant already developed
Partnership with ethanol technology providers and input suppliers already developed
Cooking Stoves and other appliances suppliers already in place.
Commercial roll out plan already in place.
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What Do we need from NEPAD?
A seed fund of $230,0000 to finance the proof of concept and create a leaning model that can be replicated and scaled up across West Africa.
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Project cost Project cost $230,000 (N34.5 Million)the
cost covers:
Project Land N1 Million
Building & Borehole: N2.5Million Naira
Complete small scale Ethanol refinery N18 Million
1,000 Stoves: N10 million
Working Capital: N3 Million
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Proposed Funding Working Capital : Cassava Agro
industries Services Ltd N3 Million
Ethanol refinery: AU/NEPAD N25M
Contract Out grower contract: IFAD N5M
Training, demonstration and capacity building : SDEDAN/Cassava Agro Industries
Stoves: Project Gaia, individuals, Carbon Credits N10 Million
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Cost Comparison and Viability Analysis
of Feedstock for Ethanol Production
Cassava
Sweet
Potato
Sweet
Sorghum
Crop yield (t/ha) 35 40 40
Ethanol yield(liters/t feedstock) 180 125 40
Ethanol yield (liters/ha) 6,300 5,000 1,600
Ethanol production cost
(N/liter) 54.7 59.3 56.5
Selling price (N/liter)* 80.0 80.5 80.0
Gross profit (N/liter) 34.7
*Mark up 40% production cost
All prices are indicative with specifics established only after a project feasibility study
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The Distribution of the Liquid The Ethanol to serve as a cooking & Household fuel
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The Cassakero Cooking fuel Cassakero is safe and easy to handle and user friendly. it is less volatile and as a bio-fuel, it is easily absorbed into the environment with no known health hazard. The ethanol will be denatured with Bitrex, a bitter substance to render it undrinkable, and a colorant to give it a distinguishing color.
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EXPECTED PROFILE OF ETHANOL FUEL
Ethanol content (at 250) 94 – 96%
Methanol (g/100L) - 5 max
Ethyl Carbamate (g/100L) - 150 max
Ethyl Acetate (g/100L of ethanol) - 150 max
Toluene (g/100L) - Nil
Benzene (g/100L) - Nil
Cyclohexane - Nil
Zinc - 5mg/L max
Copper - 2mg/L max
Lead - 0.2mg/L max
Cadmium - 0.1mg/L max
Appearance - Clear, Colourless Liquid
Odour - Characteristic of Spirit
Taste - Bitter as a result of the Bitrex
Denaturant Bitrex 2.5ppm level
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The Stove Technical Specifications Technical Specifications
-Width:596:mm
-Depth:326mm
-Height:137mm fuel tank:1,21
-Burn time: approximately 4.5hrs.
At maximum effect.
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ORIGO C100,220-240V, electric & ethanol stove
The electric & ethanol stove Combination ORIGO C200,220-240V, electric & ethanol double stove
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Ethanol Stove & Oven Combination ORIGO 6000, oven & stove combination
ORIGO 6100, oven Only
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The CleanCook fueling
system: The fuel is
charged into the canister
as a liquid and adsorbed
onto a fiber filling. The
fuel will not spill and
cannot explode. The
result it is a very safe
stove.
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The CleanCook stove will make it
possible for ethanol to enter into and
take command of the household
energy market—a new and important
opportunity for CAR.
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In 2002, kerosene, which was subsidized, cost 32¢ per liter. Kerosene is priced in the “official” market today at about 80¢ and in the black market at well over $1.00 per liter. It is often adulterated with gasoline since gasoline is now cheaper.
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The other Applications of Ethanol as a household fuel
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Bio-electricity
4 liters hydrated
ethanol = 1 hour
electricity
110-220 v ; 8.5 kwa
400 light bulbs
Crops processing at
village level
Improved quality of
life in poor rural
households
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Ethanol powered Shower with heater
The shower head
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Rural
/Agro
-
Indus
trial
Emplo
ymen
t
“Ener
gy
Pover
ty”
Reduc
tion
Safe
Usage
for
Wom
en &
Childr
en
(Non-
Spill
&
Non-
Explo
sive)
Clean
Cooki
ng
Envir
onme
nt
(No
Smok
e,
Fume
s or
Smell
)
Adap
table
to
Existi
ng
Woof
uel &
Keros
ene
Stove
s/Coo
king
Practi
ces
Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment
“Energy Poverty” Reduction
Safe Usage for Women & Children (Non-Spill & Non-Explosive)
Clean Cooking Environment (No Smoke, Fumes or Smell)
Adaptable to Existing Wood fuel & Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices
Social Impacts & Benefits
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Bio-fuels Initiative in Africa Key Stakeholders
1. Energy security & diversification
2. Higher convertible currency exports
3. New revenue stream for agro-industries & farmers
4. Carbon finance
5. Jobs
6. Local rural energy needs
Private sector
Commercial Banks
NGOs Civil
Society
NEPAD,Govs, Development
Banks Development
Partners Sub-regional, Regional. &
International Institutions
Research
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WE CAN’T SPELL “SCCESS”
WITHOUT “U”
Please Join Us Make This Dream A Reality!
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For Further Details Contact: THE PROJECT CONSULTANTS:
:
Mr. Boma Simeon Anga
Executive Chairman
Cassava Agro industries Services
Limited
House 32, 351 Road, off 3rd Avenue,
Gwarinpa Estate,
Abuja.
Tel: +234-(0)803-303-1097,
(9)290-7366
Fax: +234-(9)222-4046
WEBSITE:
www.cassavaagroindustries.com
e-mail: [email protected],