1.0 processing data - wordpress.com · the instruction given by the program. ... 100 0101 e 100...
TRANSCRIPT
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1.0 PROCESSING DATA
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 1.1 How computer processes data?
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) understand and state how computer process data
b) list down processing components
c) understand the “machine cycle”
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) define the meaning of data processing
b) explain how computer process data
c) name the processing components
d) draw the “machine cycle”
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
produce PowerPoint presentations about data processing.
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction:
Prior knowledge:
(i) Part of computer system
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
(ii) Definition of CPU, input, output and memory storage
• CPU: (Central Processing Unit) the main part of the computer, which executes
the instruction given by the program. A microprocessor will process data into
information. Two parts of CPU:
• Input: a process entering data into computer to be processed.
• Output: any computer generated information displayed on screen, printed, sound,
data transfer across phone line of network connection or in some machine
readable form, such as disc and tape
• Memory storage: a place to store data, programmer information for a computer
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
b) Define the meaning of data and processing data
Data is raw unprocessed that are inputs to a computer system that will give
compiled information where the computer processes those facts.
Data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data
and summarise, analyse or otherwise convert data into usable information.
The process may be automated and run on a computer.
c) Explain how computer process data
It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating,
disseminating and storing data.
d) Name the processing components
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
CPU
- consists of 2 components:
(i) Control Unit can be thought of as the brain of the CPU itself. It controls based on the
instructions it decodes, how other parts of the CPU and in turn, rest of the computer
systems should work in order that the instruction gets executed in a correct manner.
(ii) ALU stands for Arithmetic/Logic Unit
• is the part that executes the computer's commands
• A command must be either a basic arithmetic operation: + - × /
or one of the logical comparisons: >< =not=
• Everything has to be broken down into these few operations.
• The ALU can only do one thing at a time but can work extremely fast.
Main Memory
- stores the commands that the CPU executes and the results
- is where the computer stores the data and commands that are currently being
used
- When the computer is turned off, all data in Main Memory vanishes
- consists of 5 components:
a) Operating system
- Some common operating systems are various versions of Windows, Windows
XP, Windows 2003, Windows 2007, OS/2. These all behave in very different
ways and have different hardware requirements. So they won't all run on all
machines.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
b) Applications
- are various programs that are currently running on the computer, for example:
Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer, etc
- we can run more than one applications once using a computer- this is called
multi-tasking.
- each running application has to have some data stored in Main Memory, even if
the application is on rest break. Some programs (especially graphics programs)
require a lot of the Main Memory space
c) Input/ Output Storage
- When you enter new data, the keystrokes must be stored until the computer can
do something with the new data.
- When you want data printed out or displayed, it must be stored somewhere
handy first.
d) Working Storage
- To store the numbers and characters that are the intermediate results of
computer operations until the final values are calculated. These values "in
progress" are kept in temporary locations.
- For example, if the computer is adding up the numbers 3, 5, and 6, it would first
add 3 to 5 which yields a value of 8. The 8 is stored in working storage. Then the
8 and 6 are added and the new value 14 is stored. The value of 14 is now
available to be displayed on the screen or to be printed or to be used in another
calculation.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
e) Unused Storage
- There is always some storage space that is not in use.
- If space runs out in Main Memory, the computer will crash, that is, stop working.
e) draw the “machine cycle”
• The CPU can fetch one piece of data in one machine cycle.
• It takes numerous cycles to do even a simple addition of two numbers.
Action Meaning
Fetch get an instruction/data from Main Memory
Decode translate it into computer commands
Execute actually process the command
Store - write the result to Main Memory
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
f) Students’ project (Two in a group)
PowerPoint presentation for the topics: (Two groups are doing one topic)
(i) Explain how a computer processes data
(ii) Define each processing component below:
i. Central unit
ii. ALU
iii. Operating systems
iv. Applications
v. Input/ Output storage
vi. Working storage
vii. Unused storage
(iii) Draw and explain the Machine Cycle
(iv) Compare between main memory and storage memory
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 1.2 Binary System
1.3 Bits and Bytes
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) define binary system, bits and bytes.
b) know that the computer use binary system for computing
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) define the meaning of binary system
b) recognize the pattern of binary system
c) convert decimal to binary numbers and vice versa
d) add binary numbers
e) explain how the binary system means to the computer
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
complete the worksheets.
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction:
Setting: Human language vs Machine language
How human communicate with machine?
The computers’ language is called binary system
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
b) Binary system:
- a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0
and 1
- a way of counting by computers
- One binary digit (0 or 1) is referred to as a bit which is short for binary digit.
f) ASCII Codes
Binary Character
100 0001 A
100 0010 B
100 0011 C
100 0100 D
100 0101 E
100 0110 F
100 0111 G
100 1000 H
100 1001 I
100 1010 J
100 1011 K
100 1100 L
100 1101 M
100 1110 N
100 1111 O
101 0000 P
101 0001 Q
101 0010 R
101 0011 S
101 0100 T
101 0101 U
101 0110 V
101 0111 W
101 1000 X
101 1001 Y
101 1010 Z
Example:
BAD: 100 0010 100 0001 100 010
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
c) Bits vs Bytes:
g) Bits: One binary digit (0 or 1)
h) Bytes: 8 binary digits/ 8 bits
i) SI prefixes/Metric prefixes:
a. 1 Terabyte – 1 × 1012 byte
b. 1 Gigabyte – 1 × 109 byte
c. 1 Megabyte –1 × 106 byte
d. 1 Kilobyte – 1 × 103 byte
e. 1 milisecond – 1 × 10-3 second
f. 1 microsecond – 1 × 10-6 second
g. 1 nanosecond – 1 × 10-9 second
h. 1 picosecond – 1 × 10-12 second
d) Conversion between decimal and binary numbers:
(i) From decimal to binary numbers
For example, 11810 in binary is 01101112
Operation Remainder
118 ÷ 2 = 59 0
59 ÷ 2 = 29 1
29 ÷ 2 = 14 1
14 ÷ 2 = 7 0
7 ÷ 2 = 3 1
3 ÷ 2 = 1 1
1 ÷ 2 = 0 1
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
(ii) From binary to decimal numbers
For example, 10112 in binary is 1110
e) Adding binary numbers
Basic rules:
0 + 0 = Sum of 0
0 + 1 = Sum of 1
1 + 0 = Sum of 1
1 + 1 = Sum of 0 with a carry of 1.
Example: 112 + 012 = 1002
f) Students’ worksheet: Refer to the book: A.P.P.I.T IT Training for Professionals
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
2.0 NETWORKS
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 2.1 Types of networks
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
- list types of computer networks:
i. Local Area Networks (LAN)
ii. Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
iii. Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- Differentiate types of computer networks
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) list various of networks: LAN, MAN and WAN
b) Identify the differences between types of computer networks
a. Coverage area
b. Networking implementation in organisations
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
complete worksheet.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction: Internet is an example of networking
b) Definition of computer network: a collection of hardware and software that
enables a group of computers to communicate and provide users with access
to shared resources
- These shared resources can include data such as files or messages,
applications and other software; and hardware, such as printers or modems.
- This ability to share resources is one of the primary reason why organizations
implement networks
c) Common network components and features
Component/ Feature Definition
Server Any computer that makes its hardware and software
resources available for use by other computers on the
network
Client Any computer that uses resources of the server
Workstation A high performance personal computer with specialized
operation system software to provide features such as
multi tasking, multi processing and security. Typically,
workstations are used in situations where users need to
run complex and process intensive applications on their
desktop computers.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Media The typical connection between computers, such as
network cabling
Resources Files, printers or other items accessed by clients.
Shared data Any file provided by a server to a client across the
network
Shared printers and
other peripherals
Any hardware resource provided by a server to a client
across a network
- At the most basic level, a computer network consists of at least two computers
connected by a communication link, such as a physical cable. One of the
computer on a network acts as a server while the other as a client.
d) Types of network
(i) Local Area Network (LAN) is a connection of computers cabled together to
form a network in a small geographic area. The LAN can only be as
large as the physical limitations of the cabling will allow. For example,
within an office building. LANs are typically inexpensive to set up, run
and maintan.
(ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is slightly larger than a LAN and it
contains within a single city or metropolitan area. MANs are typically
owned by private providers. They are also expensive to implement and
maintain.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
(iii) Wide Area Network (WAN) is relatively large and spans across countries
and continents. The advantage of a WAN is that it is essentially
unlimited in geographic area.
e) Students’ worksheet: Refer to the book: A.P.P.I.T IT Training for
Professionals
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 2.2 Networks Topology
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) State types of network topology:
i. Star Network
ii. Ring Network
iii. Bus Network
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) show and explain types of network topology
b) sketch the types of network topology
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to a
simple network.
5. List of activities:
a) Network topology
- is the way in which the network of computers is connected
- the choice of topology is dependent upon
i. type and number of equipment being used
ii. planned applications and rate of data transfers
iii. required response times
iv. cost
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Examples:
(i) Bus network topology
- Each computer or server is
connected to the single bus cable
- A terminator is required at each
end of the bus cable to prevent
the signal from bouncing back
and forth on the bus cable.
- A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected
on the bus cable until it finds IP address on the network that is the intended
recipient.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
- Advantage: it consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement
when compared to other topologies
- Disadvantage: it can be the single point of failure, so if the network cable
breaks, the entire network will be down.
Diagram:
This is where to get IP address for a computer
(ii) Star network topology
- Each computer is connected to a central hub, so
all of the traffic which transverses the network
passes through the central hub.
- The hub acts as a signal booster or repeater
which in turn allows the signal to travel greater
distances.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
- Advantages:
•••• It is the easiest topology to design and implement
•••• It is the simplicity of adding other machines
- Disadvantage: the hub is a single point of failure, so if the hub were to fail the
entire network would fail.
(iii) Ring network topology
- Each computer is connected to the network in
a closed loop or ring
- Each computer has a unique address that is
used for identification purposes.
- The signal passes through each machine or computer connected to the ring in
one direction.
- The computers connected to the ring act as signal boosters or repeaters which
strengthen the signals that transverse the network
- The primary disadvantage of ring topology is the failure of one machine will
cause the entire network to fail.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
b) Students’ project:
Setting: You are about to set up your home business and you probably need
the internet and data sharing throughout all computers at home. Design a
simple network for your house.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 2.3 Share documents
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Share documents with other users through Local Area Networks(LAN)
b) Receive and transfer document through LAN
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Creating shared folders
b) Receiving and transferring documents
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
create a folder with sharing property and access the shared documents among
them.
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction: Demonstration on the shared folders in school server
b) Creating shared folders
Step 1: Create a folder that you want to share.
Step 2: Right click on the folder and and click on “Sharing and Security…”
Step 3:
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Diagram:
Step 1 and 2 – Create a folder to be shared and right click to select “Sharing and Security…”
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
c) Receiving and transferring documents:
d) Students’ assignment: Creating shared folders
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 2.5 Current technology in Computer Networks
2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Explain current technology in computer networks
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Discussing current/ latest technology in computer networks:
� WIFI
� Bluetooth
b) Collecting and gathering all related information on current technology in
networking to be kept in the portfolio
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
collect and present the related information, either as portfolios or PowerPoint
presentations
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction: Question and answer about Bluetooth and WIFI
b) Wireless Network (WIFI) is one that enables connectivity without the use of
physical cable. However, generally a wireless network is not entirely wireless
or without cabling. Most wireless networks communicate to, and function as
part of a cabled LAN. Thus, creating a hybrid network of cabled and wireless
components.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
c) Bluetooth
- is an open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances
(using short radio waves) from fixed and mobile devices
- A replacement for infrared
- Applications:
• Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone
and a hands-free headset
• Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space
• Wireless Communication between PC input and output devices,
e.g. mouse, keyboard and printer
• Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointment and
reminders between devices with Bluetooth technology
• Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test
equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code
scanners, and traffic control devices
Diagram: USB dongle
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Diagram: Bluetooth headset
d)
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
3.0 DATABASE SOFTWARE
ACCESS
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 3.1 Creating Database
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) save database file
b) create table by using wizard
c) differentiate field, record and table
d) define primary key
e) insert data in the table
f) find record from table
g) create form by using wizard
� add records
� edit records
h) create query by using wizard
i) create report by using wizard
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Naming database
b) Saving database
c) Closing database
d) Opening database
e) Inserting data
f) Adding and editing records
g) Finding records
h) Printing reports
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to carry out
hands-on activities (group work).
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction:
Microsoft Access
- is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), designed primarily for
home or small business usage
- is known as a desktop database system because it's functions are intended to be
run from a single computer
- is bundled as part of the Microsoft Office suite.
Access Versus Excel
b) Excel may be fine if you've only got a small amount of data, and if you don't have
many attributes against each piece of data. It may be fine if you don't have
much in the way of relational data across multiple worksheets.
c) Once you start storing many attributes against each piece of data, and perhaps
you find yourself repeating information across multiple worksheets, then it's
time to start using Access (or another database system if you prefer).
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
d) Another important reason for using Access over Excel is, if you need to generate
a lot of queries and reports. Access is much better suited for doing this
compared to Excel.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 3.2 Editing Database
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Modify table:
� Add field
b) Modify form
3. Knowledge and Skills:
i) Modifying table
j) Modifying form
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
modify form and table in their current database.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 3.3 Getting External Data
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Import data from other file type
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Importing data from Excel
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
import data from Excel.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
4.0 Cyberlaw
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 4.0 Cyberlaw
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Describe the need for cyber law
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Discussing reasons for the need of cyberlaw
b) Writing a short essay on the need for cyberlaw
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
explain and elaborate the reasons for the need of cyberlaw.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
5.0 Microsoft Publisher
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
5. Name of module: 5.1 Introduction to Microsoft Publisher
6. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) List components in the applications
b) Create a newsletter
7. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Listing components
b) Creating a newsletter
8. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 5.2 Creating Newsletter
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) Insert clip arts
b) Insert text box
c) Change the format of fonts
d) Insert caption
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Inserting clip arts
b) Inserting text box
c) Changing the format of fonts
d) Inserting caption
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
complete a simple newsletter.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
6.0 Internet
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
1. Name of module: 6.1 Bookmark
6.2 Downloading
2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to:
a) know and understand the use of bookmark
b) download files/ clips from the internet
3. Knowledge and Skills:
a) Using bookmark
b) Downloading
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to add a
given website to the bookmark and download a requested file from a website.
5. List of activities:
a) Set induction: Ask the students some questions:
- What are the websites that they usually browse when they are surfing internet?
- What will they do when they find anything that interests them?
b) Internet browsers:
- software applications for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web
- an information resource may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of
content and is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is similar
to website address
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
c) Using bookmark
- we can save the website addresses using the feature available in our internet
browser.
- this helps us to browse online to the favourite websites easily
- Procedures about how to use bookmark in Microsoft Internet Explorer:
Step 1: Browse to the favourite website
For example:
Type in the website address: www.mbsskl.edu.my and click the button “Enter” to
get to the website
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Step 2: Click “Favourites” on the menu bar and Click “Add to favourites…”
Step 3: When a pop-out window comes out as below, type in the name that you
want to save website.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Step 4: Click on the button “Create in >>” to get the extended window as below.
Select the folder that you want to save the name in the list.
Note that: To create a new folder inside another folder, just select the folder that
you want to create the new folder inside it. Then, click on the button “New
Folder…”. Type in the new folder name and the click on the button “OK”.
Step 5: Make sure the name for the website is typed and the folder that you want
to save in is selected and then click on the button “OK”.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
c) download files/ clips from the internet
- when you need to access offline the files/ clips from the internet, we must save
the files/ clips in the local computer
- downloading is a way of
- Procedures about how to download:
Step 1: Browse to any website that allows you to download certain files/ clips
Example:
Step 2: Click on the button “download” (or sometimes it appears as a link)
Step 3: When you see a company or publisher listed in a security message,
make sure the company name is Microsoft Corporation.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
If so, then it is safe to click Save.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
Step4: Select the folder that you want to save your file/ clip inside and create a
file name. Then, click on the button “Save”.
Step5: You will see a window shown as below. Once the download progress
reaches 100%, you could find the file/ clip inside the folder that you’ve selected.
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Form 4 ICT Literacy Modules
Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur
d) Students’ assignment:
- Create bookmarks using different internet browsers, e.g. Mozilla Firefox
- Manage websites saved in the bookmark
- Download different types of files from any websites and tell the difference for the
ways to download for different websites
- Download an application from the internet and tell the difference between
downloading a file and an application.