1. well engineering, rig types
TRANSCRIPT
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MSc.
Oil and Gas EnterpriseManagement
Well Engineering Module
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Day 1: Well Engineering
Introduction:
Gordon Botterill Well Engineering (Drilling, Completion and Well
Service Engineering)
Course Deliverables Appreciation and knowledge of subjects.
Knowledge of interfaces with other technical disciplines.
Some technical/engineering calculations. Appreciation of new enabling technologies.
Well design options.
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Well Engineering Course Outline
Drilling process, rigtypes and rigequipment
Well design & wellplanning
Drilling fluids & mudconditioning equipment
Drillpipe & drillstring
design Drilling Bits
Directional Drilling
Casing design
Cementing Hole problems & stuckpipe
Evaluation
Well control & BOPs
Completions
Complex wells
Risk management
Enabling technologies
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Types of Drilling Rig
Land Standard derrick
Portable mast
Mobile
Helicopter
Slim Hole
Offshore
Platform Jack-up
Semi-submersible
Drill -ship
Barge
Tender supported
All rigs have the same purpose:
To drill a hole of pre-determineddiameter to a pre-determined depth.
Evaluate the hole as required.
Case the hole as required.
Repeat the above process withprogressively smaller hole and casingsizes until the oil or gas reservoir isdrilled through.
Log and test the reservoir as required.
Install production casing as required.
Complete the well as required.
Suspend or abandon the well.
Rigs are classified according to their depth capacity using 4.1/2 drill pipe.Capacity depends mainly on substructure and derrick strength and drawworks HP.
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The Well Construction Process
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Casing Diagram for Typical SubseaWell
30 conductor at 212 m RT
20surface casing at 1100 m RT
13.3/8 intermediate casing at 3558 m RT
9.5/8 production casing at 4623 m RT
7 liner from 4570 m to 5450 m RT
Mud Line
Well TD
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Land Rig
Nabors 21-E
2.5 million lb GNC Derrick, 2000 HP Drawworks, 37.5 Rotary
Drilling depth 6500 metres
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Helicopter Rig
Helicopter rigs are used in remote
areas such as PNG. Rigs are transported in 4,000 lb loads
by single or twin rotor helicopters.
Helicopter shown is a Chinook.
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Bottom Supported Rigs
Rowan Gorilla Jack-up Rig
Rigs of this type can drill in 120 metreswater during severe gale force conditions
They are towed as a floating unit to thechosen drilling location. Once on location,the legs are first lowered to the sea bed
and then the drilling platform is elevatedabove sea level by powerful hydro-mechanical jacks
Brae B Platform Rig
The rig can be skidded in two directionsto allow the rig to drill over multiple wellslots
The drilling rig is usually retained on theplatform long after the initial directionally
drilled wells have been completed toallow for later in-fill drilling and toworkover existing wells
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Rig Skidded Over Well Platform
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Floating Rigs
DrillshipSemi-submersible
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Anchor Handling Vessels
Note winch and stern roller
Piggy-back anchors on deck.
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Semi-Submersible Rigs
Semi-submersible rigs are designed to drill in hostile environments
Water depths range from less than 60 m to 3000 metres. Most buoyancy comes from pontoons below the active wave zone.
Semi-submersible rigs are designed to withstand storm force windsexceeding 100 knots and storm waves over 30 metres high.
Typical variable deck loads range from 2,000 to over 5,000 tons.
Rigs are kept on location by anchors or dynamic positioning systems.
Sedco Express, fitted with an automaticpipe handling system, can drill HPHT wells.
Tank Test Model of 5th GenerationSemi-Submersible Rig
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Drillships
Large deck load capacity.
Less stable drilling platformthan a semi submersible in
comparable weatherconditions.
Guidelineless drilling riser/BOP systems.
Dynamically positioned fordeep water applications
Can be mobilised relativelyquickly over long distances.
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Drill Ships and Barges
Drill Ship
A modern twin derrick drillship designed topermit simultaneous pipe handlingoperations.
Each derrick has a crown block motioncompensator.
This drillship is maintained on station by acomputer controlled dynamic positioningsystem.
Drill ships have large storage capacitiesthat make them ideally suited to operationsremote from supply bases.
Swamp Barge
These drilling units are suitable foroperations in near shore, sheltered areas.
In this case, the coastal flats have been
dredged to allow the drilling barge to bepositioned on location.
Note the dumb barges moored alongside.These contain equipment for well such ascasing, mud materials and cement.
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Typical Rig Selection Criteria
For all rigs: Mechanical/hydraulic capability to drill the well or wells
Availability
Contract rate
Track record on safety and performance.
For land rigs: Ease of rig up/rig down
Ease of transportation to, from and within the operating area.
For offshore rigs: Ability to operate efficiently in the metocean conditions and water
depths of the operating area Adequacy of variable deck load (VDL)
Bulk storage and sack storage capacity
Conformance with discharge regulations