1 united states department of commerce import administration u.s. antidumping duty process maria...

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United States Department of Commerce Import Administration

U.S. Antidumping Duty Process

Maria D’AndreaMeredith Rutherford

Mimi StewardGary Taverman

March 26-29, 2007Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, Vietnam

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What is Dumping?

“Dumping” occurs when a foreign producer sells its product at a lower price in the importing country at less than normal value.

Normal value may be prices in its home country, other third country markets, constructed value, or in cases involving nonmarket economy countries, factors of production.

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Overview

Petitions and Initiations

Commerce and the ITC

Antidumping (AD) Investigations

Timeline

Participation

Collection of Information

Methodologies

Determinations

Collection of Duties

Antidumping Orders

Administrative Reviews

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Petitions

Commerce and the International Trade Commission (ITC) receive petitions from the affected U.S. industry simultaneously.

AD investigations are almost always initiated in response to petitions filed by an affected U.S. industry, although Commerce may self-initiate a case.

U.S. law provides that an antidumping investigation shall be initiated whenever Commerce determines, from information available to it, that a formal investigation is warranted.

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Petition RequirementsAntidumping Proceedings

Framework established by the Tariff Act of 1930 as amended (“the Act”) by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.

Filing a PetitionRequirements for filing an antidumping duty petition are listed in Section 732(b) of the Act, and inSec 351.202(a) through (c) of the Department of Commerce’s regulations.

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Petition Requirements

Scope

Like Product

Industry Support

Dumping Allegation

Material Injury

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Petition Requirements: Scope

When filing a petition, the petitioner is required to include a detailed description of the merchandise to be covered under the investigation including:

The technical characteristics and uses of the merchandise

Its current U.S. tariff classification number (HTS number)

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Petition Requirements: ScopeCommerce’s evaluation of scope:

If the petitioner seeks pre-petition filing consultations, Commerce will ensure that the proposed scope of the petition is an accurate reflection of the products for which the domestic industry is seeking relief.

Interested parties are able to raise issues regarding scope within the 20 day period following publication of the notice of initiation in the Federal Register.

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Petition Requirements: Like Product

A petitioner must clearly identify the domestic like product, the product produced in the United States which is most similar to the foreign product covered under the scope of the investigation.

Commerce determines the like product for the purposes of the initiation. The ITC makes its own separate like product determination.

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Petition Requirements: Dumping Allegation

The allegation of sales in the U.S. at less than fair value (dumping) is the thrust of any petition. The dumping allegation must contain all factual information relevant to:

The calculation of the U.S. price of the subject merchandise and,

The normal value of the foreign like product.

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Sample Dumping Margin Calculation

Net U.S. Price Normal Value

Compare U.S Price to Normal Value

Normal Value $136.00

Net U.S. Price $90.00

Difference Attributable to Dumping

$46.00

Difference Attributable to Dumping/U.S Price

$46.00 / $90.00=51.11%Dumping Margin

=

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Petition Requirements: Material Injury

As defined by the Act, “material injury” is harm which is not inconsequential, immaterial, or unimportant.

The ITC is responsible for determining whether a domestic industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury as a result of the individual and cumulated impact of the allegedly dumped imports.

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Petition Requirements: Injury

Commerce examines whether the petition provides evidence of material injury or threat thereof.

To assess the accuracy and adequacy of the evidence relating to the material injury and causation allegations, the Department compares the evidence presented in the petitions with information that is reasonably available.

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Petition Requirements: Injury

Commerce’s Assessment of Injury AllegationDeclining domestic prices

Reduced levels of production

Reduced levels of capacity utilization

Declining net sales and market share

Sales lost to imports

Declining profitability

Reduced levels of employment

Bankruptcy

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Initiation ProceduresSelf-Initiation

Commerce has the legal authority to self-initiate an AD investigation under U.S. law.Section 732 (a)(1) of the Act - “An antidumping duty investigation shall be initiated whenever the administering authority determines, from information available to it, that a formal investigation is warranted into the question of whether the elements necessary for the imposition of a duty under section 731 exist.”Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Article 5.6 “If, in special circumstances, the authorities concerned decide to initiate an investigation without having received a written application by or on behalf of a domestic industry for the initiation of such investigation, they shall proceed only if they have sufficient evidence of dumping, injury and a causal link, as described in paragraph 2, to justify the initiation of an investigation.”

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Initiation ProceduresSelf-Initiation

Commerce has interpreted the “special circumstances” provision narrowly and as a result has self-initiated cases only on the following three occasions in the last 20 years:

• Steel from various countries in 1979-82: Certain Steel Wire Nails from Japan (July 2, 1981); Steel Sheet Piling form Canada (November 24, 1981); and Certain Steel Wire Nails from Korea (April 4, 1979, and July 2, 1981)

• Semiconductors from Japan in 1985• Softwood Lumber from Canada in 1991

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Initiation ProceduresU.S. law mandates that certain legal requirements be met before an AD case can be initiated. These requirements exist for both self-initiated and petition-based cases:

There must be evidence of dumping; and

There must be evidence that the U.S. industry is either 1) materially injured, 2) is threatened with material injury, or 3) the establishment of an industry in the U.S. is materially retarded by reason of the imports.

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Initiation Procedures

Commerce’s RoleCommerce has the sole authority to initiate or not initiate the investigation.

After filing, Commerce has 20 calendar days to evaluate the petition and determine whether or not to initiate the investigation.

In this evaluation, Commerce focuses on the scope of the investigation, the domestic like product, industry support, the dumping allegation, and injury/causation.

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Initiation Procedures

Federal Register NoticeIf the Department has determined that the petition has satisfied all necessary requirements, Commerce will publish a Notice of Initiation in the Federal Register.

Initiation ChecklistThe checklist is submitted on the record of the proceeding and serves to provide the public with additional, more detailed, information.The checklist can assist the public in locating specific information in the petition.

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Commerce vs. ITC

Commerce and the ITC make their determinations separately.Commerce determines whether and to what extent dumping is occurring.The ITC determines whether a U.S. industry competing with the allegedly dumped product has been materially injured or threatened by such imports.

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What is the ITC?

The ITC is a non-partisan, quasi-judicial federal agency, that was established by U.S. Congress in 1916Headed by six Commissioners who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. By statute, no more than three Commissioners may be of the same political party; currently there are three Democrats and three RepublicansThe ITC has broad investigative responsibilities in matters of trade, and in addition to determining injury for AD cases, also investigates patent, trademark, and copyright infringements by imports, as well as makes updates to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) of the United States, among other responsibilities

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ITC FindingsMaterial injury- Section 771(7) of the Act- “harm which is not inconsequential, immaterial, or unimportant”Threat of injury-Section 771(7)(F)(i)-(ii) of the Act - “In determining whether an industry in the United States is threatened with material injury by reason of imports (or sales for importation) of the subject merchandise, the Commission shall consider…the factors set forth in clause (i) as a whole in making a determination…whether material injury by reason of imports would occur unless an order is issued…”Material retardation- Although uncommon, petitioners may allege that the establishment of an industry in the U.S. is “materially retarded” by reason of imports; the statute does not define “material retardation,” however, the ITC will examine whether an industry has been established, and if not, whether the industry reflects normal start-up difficulties or whether the imports of the subject merchandise have materially retarded the establishment of an industry.(from the ITC AD and CVD Handbook, II-32)

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ITC DeterminationsPreliminary Determination

Made within 45 days of the filing of a petition or within 25 days of initiation of an AD investigationSix stages: (1) institution of the investigation and scheduling of preliminary phase, (2) questionnaires, (3) staff conferences and briefs, (4) staff report and memoranda, (5) briefing and vote, and (6) determination and views of the Commission.

Final DeterminationUnder normal circumstances made within 280 days after the date on which the petition is filed in AD casesEight stages: (1) scheduling of the final phase, (2) questionnaires, (3) prehearing staff report, (4) hearing and briefs, (5) final staff report and memoranda, (6) closing of the record and final comments by parties, (7) briefing and vote, and (8) determination and views of the Commission.See http://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/handbook.pdffor more detailed information.

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Who may participate in an AD proceeding?“Interested parties” who may participate in a proceeding include:

a foreign manufacturer, producer, or exporter, or the United States importer, of subject merchandise, or a trade or business association a majority of the members of which are producers, exporters, or importers of such merchandise.the government of a country in which such merchandise is produced or manufactured or from which such merchandise is exported.a manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler in the United States of a domestic like product.

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Who may participate in an AD proceeding?

Interested Parties (cont’d)a certified union or recognized union or group of workers which is representative of an industry engaged in the manufacture, production, or wholesale in the United States of a domestic like product.

a trade or business association a majority of whose members manufacture, produce, or wholesale a domestic like product in the United States.

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Comments by Consumers and Industrial Users

U.S. law provides for an opportunity for comments by consumers and industrial users to submit relevant information regarding dumping and material injury.

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Who can get access to record information?

Public information may be reviewed in the public records room at the Department of Commerce (Room B-099).

Business Proprietary information can only be reviewed under the terms of an administrative protective order (APO). See 19 C.F.R. §351.305((b)(2). Only the legal representative of an interested party (see definition above) can apply for APO access. The representative of an interested party does not need to apply for APO access in order to view his/her own client’s business proprietary information.

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Timing of Events in AD Investigations

ITC Preliminary Determination

20 DaysfromPetition*

140 Daysfrom*

InitiationPetitionCommercePreliminary

Determination

CommerceFinal

Determination

ITCFinal

Determination

* May be extended under certain circumstances

20 Days from Petition*

45 Days from Petition

140 Days from Initiation*

75 Days from Commerce

Prelim*

45 Days from Commerce Final

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Timing of Commerce Events in AD Investigations

ITCPreliminary

Decision

CommercePreliminary

Decision

CommerceFinal

Decision

ITCFinal

Decision

• Questionnaire Issued

• Questionnaire Responses Due

• Supplemental Questionnaire Issued

• Supplemental Response Due

Publication of FR Notice

Disclosure Ministerial-Error

Correction Suspension of

Liquidation (if affirmative)

Verification & Commerce Reports

Case & Rebuttal Briefs

Hearing

• Publication of FR Notice

• Disclosure• Ministerial- Error

Correction• Suspension of

Liquidation (continues or lifted)

• AD Order (if affirmative)

• Suspension of Liquidation (continues if affirmative)

Commerce Initiation

• Petition Analyzed

• Issue Initiation Notice

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Investigations

While the ITC prepares its preliminary determination of material injury, Commerce prepares the questionnaire it will issue to the mandatory respondents.

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Mandatory Respondents

Where not practicable to examine each known producer or exporter, Commerce limits its examination to

a statistically valid random sample of producers or exporters or

the producers or exporters accounting for the largest volume of the subject merchandise that can be reasonably examined.

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Voluntary Respondents

Where Commerce is unable to examine all producers or exporters, the companies it did not select may request to be voluntary respondents.

Commerce decides whether to examine a voluntary respondent on a case-by-case basis.

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Period of Investigation - Antidumping

The four most recently completed fiscal quarters (or, in an investigation involving merchandise imported from a non-market-economy country, the two most recently completed fiscal quarters) as of the month preceding the month in which the petition was filed.

Example: Petition filed December 6, 2006Market Economy period of investigation = October 1, 2005, through September 30, 2006Nonmarket Economy period of investigation = April 1, 2006, through September 30, 2006

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Market Economy vs. Nonmarket Economy Comparisons

U.S. anti-dumping law applies differently to countries considered to have nonmarket economies (NME) than to those with market economies (ME)

In NMEs prices and costs are presumed to be under government control rather than subject to market-based principles

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Fair Comparisons - ME

The dumping calculation is a comparison of the price at which subject merchandise is sold in the United States -- the U.S. price – with either the “normal value” of a sale of the same or similar product in the comparison market or a “constructed value” based on the cost of production of the product plus profit

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Fair Comparisons- NME

The dumping calculation is a comparison of the price at which subject merchandise is sold in the United States -- the U.S. price -- with the “normal value” based on the factors of production (FOP) and surrogate values

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Questionnaire Structure - ME

Market Economy

Section A: General Information

Section B: Comparison-Market Sales

Section C: U.S. Market Sales

Section D: Cost of Production & Constructed Value

Section E: Further Manufacturing in the United States

Appendices: e.g., Scope

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Questionnaire Structure - NME

Nonmarket EconomySeparate Rate Application/CertificationSection A: General InformationSection B: Not ApplicableSection C: U.S. Market SalesSection D: Factors-of-Production DataSection E: Further Manufacturing in the United StatesAppendices: (e.g., Scope)

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What is an NME?

Section 771 (18) (A) of the Act - “The term ‘nonmarket economy country’ means any foreign country that the administering authority determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures, so that sales of merchandise in such country do not reflect the fair value of the merchandise.”

Section 771 (18) (C) (i) of the Act - “Any determination that a foreign country is a nonmarket economy country shall remain in effect until revoked by the administering authority.”

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Separate Rate Application

Commerce assigns separate rates in NME cases only if the applicant can demonstrate an absence of both de jure and de facto government control over its export activities in accordance with the separate-rates test criteria. Commerce focuses on activities of exporters rather than manufacturers of subject merchandise.

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Evidence supporting absence of de jure (in law) government control- 1)an absence of restrictive stipulations associated with an individual exporter’s business and export licenses; 2)any legislative enactments decentralizing control of companies; and 3) any other formal measures by the central and/or local government decentralizing control of companies.

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Evidence supporting absence of de facto (in fact) government control- 1)whether each exporter sets its own export prices independent of the government and without approval of a government authority; 2)whether each exporter retains the proceeds from its sales and makes independent decisions regarding disposition of profits or financing of losses; 3)whether each exporter has the authority to negotiate and sign contracts and other agreements; and 4)whether each exporter has autonomy from the government regarding the selection of management.

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Surrogate Country SelectionSection 773(c)(4) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, (“the Act”), the Department must value the factors of production using “...to the extent possible, the prices or costs of the factors of production in one or more market economy countries that are (a) at a level of economic development comparable to that of the NME country, and (b) significant producers of comparable merchandise.” This is further discussed in Commerce’s Policy Bulletin No. 04.1, dated March 1, 2004.

Certain Frozen Fish Fillets – Commerce found that Bangladesh is a significant producer of comparable merchandise, is at a similar level of economic development, and has publicly available and reliable data. In certain instances, where Bangladeshi data were not available, Commerce used data from India or Indonesian sources.

Certain Frozen Warm Water Shrimp – Commerce found that Bangladesh is a significant producer of comparable merchandise, is at a similar level of economic development, and has publicly available and reliable data.

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Factors of Production and Surrogate Value Information

After selecting a surrogate country Commerce will collect factors of production information from respondents, and will accept information regarding surrogate values from the following sources:

Publicly available trade data and publications

Financial statements of producers of the subject merchandise in the surrogate country

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Raw Material Cost Calculation in a Non-Market Economy: Simplified Example

Material inputs

Units/pc Unit Surrogate Value (US$)

Cost/pc (US$)

Fabric 0.10 Kg 60.00 6.00

Thread 0.02 Kg 50.00 1.00

Elastic 0.01 Kg 60.00 0.60

Buttons 4 Pc 0.05 0.20

Labels 2 Pc 0.40 0.80

Total $8.60

Knit Shirt

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Costs Calculated Using Surrogate Values Raw Material Costs=$8.60

Plus Labor Costs Calculated Using the Hourly Wage Rates Published Online

Plus Surrogate Energy Costs

Plus Surrogate Factory Overhead

Plus Surrogate Selling, General andAdministrative Expenses

Plus Surrogate Profit Expenses

Plus Packing Expenses

Equals Normal Value

Energy Costs=$1.50

Overhead=$1.50

SG&A Expenses=$2.15

Profit Expenses=$0.75

Packing expenses=$0.75

Normal Value=$16.00

Labor Costs=$0.75

Normal Value Calculation for a Non Market-Economy (NME) Investigation

Note: For general information purposes only. When interpreting and applying the law, please refer to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, (19 U.S.C. 1671-1671h, 1673-1673h) and the related regulations in Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

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Sample Non-Market (NME) U.S. Price Calculation

Gross Price=$14.60

Discounts=$0.50

Rebates=$0.50

Insurance=$0.40

Movement=$0.40

“Starting Price” per unit in the U.S. Market

Less Discounts

Less Rebates

Less U.S. Movement Expenses

Less U.S. Insurance Expenses

Brokerage=$0.15Less Foreign Inland Brokerage Expenses

Brokerage=$0.15Less U.S. Brokerage

Less Foreign Inland Movement Expenses

Less Foreign Inland Insurance Expenses

Movement=$0.25

Insurance=$0.25

U.S. Price=$12.00

Adjusted U.S Price

Note: For general information purposes only. When interpreting and applying the law, please refer to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, (19 U.S.C. 1671-1671h, 1673-1673h) and the related regulations in Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

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Margin CalculationIn investigations and reviews we calculate a single weighted-average dumping margin for an exporter/producer that will be used for bonding (investigation preliminary determinations only) or cash deposit purposes until there is a subsequent administrative review.

In administrative reviews Commerce also establishes dumping margins for each U.S. importer for duty assessment purposes.

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Margin Calculation - Assessment vs. Cash Deposit

Cash deposits are a temporary payment of estimated antidumping duties

Assessment is the actual amount of antidumping duties due on a given entry of subject merchandise

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Margin Calculation Calculated as the difference between the normal value in U.S. dollars and the net U.S. price

The aggregate dumping amount is divided by:

total net U.S. price to determine the ad valorem rate, or

the quantity sold to determine the per-unit amount

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U.S. PriceNormal Value


Normal Value $16.00

U.S. Price $12.00


$4.00

Difference Attributable to Dumping / U.S Price $4.00 / $12.00 = 33.3%

Ad Valorem Dumping Margin

=

$12.00$16.00

A

B

C

C / B

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U.S. PriceNormal Value


Normal Value $16.00

U.S. Price $12.00


$4.00

Difference Attributable to Dumping / U.S Price $4.00 / 10 = $ 0.40

Per Unit Dumping Margin

=

$12.00$16.00

A

B

C

C / D

10 pieces D

Quantity Sold

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Calculated Rates in NME Investigations

Rates for Mandatory Respondents

Country-wide Rate

Separate-Rate Average

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Concurrence Process-Preliminary Determination

Meetings between analysts, lawyers, and policy personnel regarding all case issues are held, and documents (such as Federal Register notices and internal memoranda) are reviewed

Recommendations are made to the Deputy Assistant Secretary regarding all case issues

Recommendations are made to the Assistant Secretary for Import Administration who is the final decision maker

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Determinations: General Points

Preliminary and final determinations announce Commerce findings and decisions in an investigation.

Parties have the right (under Administrative Protective Order, as appropriate) to review the materials Commerce used to calculate the margins.

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Preliminary Determinations

Preliminary margin rate for each respondent

Preliminary scope determination

Preliminary calculation methodologies

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Bond/Deposit Requirements Imposed After Issuance of a Preliminary Determination

On the date of the publication of an affirmative preliminary determination in the Federal Register and at the request of Commerce, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will suspend liquidation of entries of the product under investigation and begin collecting a deposit of estimated AD duties based on the preliminary margin Commerce published.

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Bond/Deposit Requirements Imposed After Issuance of a Preliminary Determination

Until the publication in the Federal Register of an AD order following an affirmative determination by the ITC, the importer has the option of posting a bond or cash deposit for estimated AD duties.

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VerificationCommerce will conduct an extensive examination of company books and records in order to…

Confirm reported sales are recorded in company accounts.

Confirm that the respondent reported all sales of subject merchandise during the POI.

Confirm the accuracy of individual transactions.

Examine submitted cost or FOP information.

Examine allocations of charges and adjustments.

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Verification

Verification Outline

Commerce will identify key topics and specific information to be reviewed at verification.

Commerce provides the outline to the respondents with sufficient advance time to assemble the requested information.

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Verification

Locations for Verification

Company facilities where relevant documents are maintained

Facilities where key staff are located

May need to visit multiple facilities

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Activities Leading up to Final Determination

Verifications conducted

Verification reports issued

Petitioners and respondents submit briefs and rebuttal briefs

A hearing is conducted if requested

Concurrence process from preliminary determination is repeated

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Final Determinations

Notification of the final margin for each respondent.

Notification of the “all-others” rate.

Notification of continuation of suspension of liquidation, if final determination is affirmative.

Notification of termination of suspension of liquidation, if final determination is negative.

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Summary and statement of the Commerce position on each issue -

Raised by parties in briefs, rebuttal briefs, and hearing.

Commerce’s findings during the investigation.

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The analysis memorandum and attachments provide information on Commerce’s analysis.

The memorandum contains an explanation of the calculation methodology Commerce used to calculate dumping margins.

The attachments contain the computer program and resulting output.

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Correction of Calculation Mistakes

Errors corrected after a determination is issued must be “ministerial,” meaning an error in computation and not based on a methodological decision.

The respondents and the petitioners have five days after the receipt of disclosure materials to request corrections.

Commerce responds to a ministerial error allegation within 30 days.

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Bond/Deposit Requirements Imposed After Issuance of a Final Determination by Commerce

Following an affirmative final determination, Commerce will instruct Customs to continue to suspend liquidation and collect bonds or deposits at the final rate.

Commerce does not instruct Customs to apply the rate in the final determination retroactively to entries made between the preliminary and final determinations.

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Antidumping Duty Order

What is an order?

Public announcement that Commerce will instruct Customs to assess duties pursuant to the affirmative final determinations of Commerce and the ITC.

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Antidumping Duty Orders

When are orders issued?

Within seven days after the ITC notifies Commerce of its affirmative injury determination.

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Antidumping Duty Orders

What is the effect of an order?

Establishes the date on which a duty requirement becomes effective.

Provides notice to parties and Customs that duties will be imposed.

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Cash-Deposit Requirements Following Issuance of AD Order

Deposit requirement set at AD margin established in Commerce’s final determination.

Bonds for estimated duties no longer allowed.

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Recourse Following Final Determination

Seek Correction of Ministerial Errors

Appeal Decision to the Court of International Trade

Governments may seek redress before World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body

Request Administrative Review during the Anniversary Month of the Order

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Administrative Reviews

Purpose

1. Determine amount of AD duties to assess on entries during a specific period of review.

2. Establish new deposit rates for prospective application.

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What if no review is requested?

If no review is requested for a company:

An importer’s entries are assessed duties at the rate of deposit at the time of entry.

Commerce sends “automatic-assessment” instructions to Customs.

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Who can request a review?

Petitioners can request a review of specific exporters or producers.

Importers can request a review of their suppliers.

Producers or exporters can request a review of their own exports or sales of subject merchandise.

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Deposit vs. Assessment

Deposits are a temporary payment of estimated antidumping duties at the time of entry.

Assessment is the actual amount of antidumping duties due on a given entry of subject merchandise.

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What if deposits are less than the review results?

If the AD margins Commerce finds in the review exceed the amounts deposited on entries during the POR, then the importer must:

Pay duties to make up for the difference between the deposit rate and the actual calculated assessment rate andPay interest accumulated since the date of deposit (date of entry).

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What if deposits are greater than the review results?

If the deposit rate is higher than the AD margin Commerce calculates for the review, then the importer typically

Receives a refund and

Receives interest on the refunded portion dating from the date of deposit

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OrderIssued

LTFV Final 10%

287 days

Investigation - POI Sales

Initiate Investigation

Deposit Required

8%

LTFV Prelim 8%

160 days

Deposit Required

10%

1st Review -POR Sales

12 months

20 days

First ReviewAnniversary

Month

9%

For First ReviewAssessment Rate 9% vs. 8% deposit Capped at 8%

Assessment Rate 9% vs. 10% deposit Refund 1% + interest

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Deposit Required Deposit Required

12 months

Subsequent ReviewsResults of First Review

New Deposit Rate in Effect

9%

1st Review POR

12 months

10% 9%

AnniversaryMonth

AnniversaryMonth

For Second ReviewAssessment Rate 11% vs.10% Deposit

Importer owes 1% plus interest

2nd Review POR 3rd Review POR

Results of Second ReviewNew Deposit Rate in Effect

11%

AnniversaryMonth

2nd Review -POR Sales11% Duties Assessed

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Conclusion

Commerce conducts AD investigations and reviews using an open and transparent process.

The multi-step process allows for the collection of information and participation by the parties in the determination of the AD duties through preliminary and final determinations.

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Conclusion

In investigations, Commerce determines whether dumping has occurred.

In reviews, Commerce determines the actual amount of dumping duties due on entries of merchandise subject to an AD order.

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Reference Information

Statute: Tariff Act of 1930, as amended

Regulations: 19 CFR 351

Import Administration website:

http://www.trade.gov/ia/

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Specific to Textiles and Apparel

Contact UsEmail Hotline: [email protected]

Websitehttp://ia.ita.doc.gov/download/vietnam-textile-monitoring/vtm-index.html

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