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Unit 2Ecology

P. 37

Unit 2Ecology

P. 37

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Organisms and Their Environment

Organisms and Their Environment

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What is Ecology p.38What is Ecology p.38What is Ecology p.38What is Ecology p.38

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.

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The BiosphereThe Biospherep.38p.38The BiosphereThe Biospherep.38p.38

• Life is found in air, on Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and land, and in fresh and salt water.salt water.

• The The BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE is the is the portion of Earth that portion of Earth that supports living things.supports living things.

• Life is found in air, on Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and land, and in fresh and salt water.salt water.

• The The BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE is the is the portion of Earth that portion of Earth that supports living things.supports living things.

5The Spheres of Earth!

Interdependence of the Biosphere!

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The Nonliving The Nonliving Environment p.40Environment p.40

The Nonliving The Nonliving Environment p.40Environment p.40

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organismorganism’’s environment.s environment.

• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organismorganism’’s life.s life.

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organismorganism’’s environment.s environment.

• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organismorganism’’s life.s life.

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Soil

Light Temperature

Wind/Air currents

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The Living Environment The Living Environment p.40p.40

The Living Environment The Living Environment p.40p.40

• Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an environment.inhabit an environment.

• All All organisms depend on organisms depend on others directly or others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, or shelter, reproduction, or protection.protection.

• Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an environment.inhabit an environment.

• All All organisms depend on organisms depend on others directly or others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, or shelter, reproduction, or protection.protection.

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

BioticBiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

AbioticAbiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

AbioticAbiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

BioticBiotic

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Levels of Organization in Ecology p.41

Levels of Organization in Ecology p.41

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Organismal Level ReviewOrganismal Level Review

• AtomAtom• MoleculeMolecule• OrganelleOrganelle• *Cell*Cell• TissueTissue• OrganOrgan• SystemSystem*first living structure*first living structure

• AtomAtom• MoleculeMolecule• OrganelleOrganelle• *Cell*Cell• TissueTissue• OrganOrgan• SystemSystem*first living structure*first living structure

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Ecology Levels of Ecology Levels of OrganizationOrganization

Ecology Levels of Ecology Levels of OrganizationOrganization

• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in into takes part in into different different levels according to levels according to complexitycomplexity..

• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in into takes part in into different different levels according to levels according to complexitycomplexity..

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11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization• Organism:Organism:

An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops

• Organism:Organism:An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops

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22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:

A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, , which which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

•Population:Population:A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, , which which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

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33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Biological Biological

Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.

•Biological Biological Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.

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44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization• Ecosystem:Ecosystem:

Populations of Populations of plants and plants and animals that animals that interact with each interact with each other in a given other in a given area with the area with the abiotic abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)

• Ecosystem:Ecosystem: Populations of Populations of plants and plants and animals that animals that interact with each interact with each other in a given other in a given area with the area with the abiotic abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)

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55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization

•BiospherBiosphere:e:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.

•BiospherBiosphere:e:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.

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Habitat & Niche Habitat & Niche p.44p.44

Habitat & Niche Habitat & Niche p.44p.44

•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organismorganism’’s s total way of total way of lifelife

•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organismorganism’’s s total way of total way of lifelife

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Habitat vs. NicheHabitat vs. Niche

• Habitat- an area where an organism lives • Niche- an organisms role in its

environment– The Long Version full range of

physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Includes where in the food chain it is, where an organism feeds...

HabitatHabitat is like an address in an is like an address in an ecosystem and a ecosystem and a nicheniche is like an is like an occupation in an ecosystemoccupation in an ecosystem..

• Habitat- an area where an organism lives • Niche- an organisms role in its

environment– The Long Version full range of

physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Includes where in the food chain it is, where an organism feeds...

HabitatHabitat is like an address in an is like an address in an ecosystem and a ecosystem and a nicheniche is like an is like an occupation in an ecosystemoccupation in an ecosystem..

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Living Relationships: Living Relationships: SymbiosisSymbiosis

Living Relationships: Living Relationships: SymbiosisSymbiosis

• LOOK UPLOOK UP• Community Community

InteractionsInteractions– CommensaliCommensalismsm

– MutualismMutualism– ParasitismParasitism

• LOOK UPLOOK UP• Community Community

InteractionsInteractions– CommensaliCommensalismsm

– MutualismMutualism– ParasitismParasitism

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PredationPredation

• Predation- when an organism captures and feeds on another organism.

• Predator- hunter

• Prey- hunted

• Predation- when an organism captures and feeds on another organism.

• Predator- hunter

• Prey- hunted

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CompetitionCompetition

• occurs due to a limited number of resources

• Resource- any necessity of life. water, nutrients, light, food.

• Competitive exclusion principle- no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

• occurs due to a limited number of resources

• Resource- any necessity of life. water, nutrients, light, food.

• Competitive exclusion principle- no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

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What level of What level of organization?organization?What level of What level of organization?organization?

OrganismOrganism

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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

CommunityCommunity

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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

PopulationPopulation