1 the periodic table period group or family period properties vary total of 7 periods group have...
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1
The Periodic Table
Period
Group or family
PeriodProperties varyTotal of 7 periods
GroupHave similar propertiesTotal of 18 groups
MetalsNonmetals
Metalloids
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Groups• The vertical columns on the periodic table are called
groups or families.– Groups are numbered 1-18 on the periodic table– Elements belonging to the same group have similar properties
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Periods
• The horizontal row of elements on the periodic table are called periods or series.– Periods are numbered 1-7.– The closer two elements are to one another in a period, the more
similar their properties.
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Pause for a CauseLearning Activity #1
Identify the element located in:a) Group 2 Period 4b) Group 17 Period 6c) Group 13 Period 2d) Group 10 Period 4e) Group 1 Period 1
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Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids can be located on the periodic table by knowing where to find the metalloid line!
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Properties of Metals Conductive- metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable- metals can be hammered into thin sheets
Ductile- can be drawn into thin wire
Tenacious- metals have high tensile strength and resist being pulled apart
Lustery- metals are recognized by their shine
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Examples of Metals
Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and
a very good electrical conductor.
Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature
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Properties of Nonmetals
Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature
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Examples of Nonmetals
Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”
Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal
Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure
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Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
They have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster
Properties of Metalloids
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Silicon, Si – A Metalloid
Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity
Other metalloids include:
Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te
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Pause for a Cause Learning Activity #2
Tell whether each of the following elements is a metal, nonmetal, metalloid:
a) Siliconb) Chlorinec) Sodiumd) Irone) Antimonyf) Radong) Cesiumh) Sulfur
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Have a silvery appearance and are soft enough to cut with a knife.
Not found in nature as free elements.
React violently with water
React with halogens to form salts
The Properties of a Group:
the Alkali Metals
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Harder, denser, and stronger than alkali metals.
Higher melting points than alkali metals.
Not found in nature as free elements.
The Properties of a Group:
the Alkaline-Earth Metals
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Good conductors of electricity and have a higher luster.
Less reactive than the alkali metals and the alkaline-earth metals
Some exist as free elements
The Properties of a Group:
the Transition Elements
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Most reactive nonmetals.
React with most metals to form salts.
The Properties of a Group:
the Halogens
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17
Noble Gases – Group 18 Elements
• Unreactive• Gases at room
temperature• Neon, argon, krypton
and xenon are used in lighting
• Helium is used in balloons
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Learning Activity #3The following questions refer to the following
elementsA. SodiumB. FluorineC. BoronD. Argon
1. Does not interact readily with other elements2. Reacts explosively with water3. Is classified as a halogen