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Properties of Properties of MatterMatter

S. Staron 2-11

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MatterMatter Matter is anything that has mass and volume

Everything is made of matter

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What are properties?What are properties?

Characteristics used to describe an object (size, shape & color).

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What is a physical What is a physical property?property?

Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

Intensive and Intensive and Extensive Extensive

Intensive properties such as density, color, and boiling point do not depend on the size of the sample of matter and can be used to identify substances.

Extensive properties such as mass and volume do depend on the quantity of the sample.

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Physical Physical properties properties of matter of matter include:include:

ConductivityConductivity

Conductivity is the ability to conduct electricity and heat.

Copper wire is conductive.

Dry string isn’t.

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DensityDensity

The density of a substance is found by dividing the mass by the volume.

D = M/V

The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

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Astronomy trivia fact!Astronomy trivia fact!

The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

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What is specific gravity?What is specific gravity?Specific gravity is acomparison of the

density of a substance to the density of water

S. G. = Density of substance

Density of H2O

HardnessHardness

Hardness relates to the resistance of a substance to being scratched by another substance.

Diamonds are very hard. Talc is soft.

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MalleabilityMalleability Malleability refers to how bendable a substance is, or its ability to be hammered without shattering.

Leather and silver are malleable.

Chalk and countertops are not malleable.

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DuctilityDuctility

Ductility refers to how easily the substance can be drawn into a wire.

Copper is ductile.

Paper & cement are not.

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ViscosityViscosity

Viscosity refers to how thick a liquid is, or the resistance of a liquid to flow.

Honey is very viscous.

Water is not viscous at all.

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MassMass

The mass of something is how much matter is contained in it.

In the metric system, we measure mass in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

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Matter ChangesMatter Changes

All matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes. These changes can be microscopic or macroscopic.

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What is a physical What is a physical change?change?

Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties

The type of matter remains the same

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Examples of Physical Examples of Physical ChangesChanges

A change of:Color (mixing paint)

Shape (crumpled paper)

Phase (solid to liquid)

Texture (rough to smooth)

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Phase changes are Phase changes are physical changesphysical changes

Adding or removing energy (heat) from matter results in phase changes.

Phase changes involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant

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Six Phase ChangesSix Phase Changes The six phase changes are: melting/freezing

(between solid and liquid) vaporization/condensation

(between liquid and gas) deposition/sublimation

(between solid and gas)

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Physical Behavior of Physical Behavior of Liquids: Cohesion & Liquids: Cohesion & AdhesionAdhesion

Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles

Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

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Physical Behavior of Physical Behavior of Liquids: Surface tensionLiquids: Surface tension

Surface tension is the tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion.

Surface Tension Surface Tension ExamplesExamples

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Water striderWater strider Paper clipPaper clip

MercuryMercury

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Chemical properties describe the way a substance changes, or reacts to form other substances.

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Chemical properties of Chemical properties of mattermatter

Flammability The ability of a substance to burn

Wood is flammable, concrete isn’t.

Reactivity The ability of a substance to combine

with other substances Chlorine is very reactive, Neon isn’t.

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What is a chemical What is a chemical change?change?

A chemical change:Produces new substances

May be noted by: A change in color (silver tarnishing)

Bubbles formed Precipitate formed Temperature change (sometimes)

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Different Properties of Different Properties of Hg, OHg, O22 and HgO and HgO

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