1 presented by prof. dr. tharwat messiha farag experimental study of lpg diffusion flame at elevated...
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented By
Prof. Dr. Tharwat Messiha Farag
Experimental Study of LPG Diffusion Flame at Elevated Preheated Air Temperatures
Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering
Port Said University Port Said, Egypt
E-mail :[email protected] ++201222705234
Amer A. A., Gad H. M., IbrahimI. A., Abdel-Mageed S. I., Farag T. M.COMBUSTION GROUP
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PRESENTATION LAYOUT
INTRODUCTION
AIM OF THE PRESENT WORK
EXPERIMENTALTEST RIG
EXPERIMENTALRESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
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Combustion
Heat(useful energy)
Pollutants(NOx,CO and UHC)
Domestic heating
Power generation
Boilers
Furnaces
Transportation
Reduction by
A highly Preheated Air Temperature and low-oxygen concentration
Provide significant energy savings
Reduce pollution and equipment size
Uniform thermal characteristics within the combustion chamber
INTRODUCTION
Products
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Some of the previous investigator concerned with studying the combustion characteristics of gaseous fuel diffusion flame by changing air swirl number and air fuel mass ratio, .... (Mafra et al, Farag, T.M., Chigier, Merlo et al, Gassoumi and Said, Farag, A.I.)
Some of the previous investigator studied the effect of highly preheated air temperature with low
oxygen concentrations on the characteristics of combustion (Min Choi and Katsuki , Gupta, Yuan and Naruse , Lille et al , Seepana and Jayanti , Ishiguro et al )
Little of the previous researchers studied the preheated air with moderate temperature by using different air to fuel mass ratios and different air swirl numbers.
In the present study, the effect of the moderate preheated air temperature for different air fuel mass ratios and
different air swirl numbers are investigated.
INTRODUCTION
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The Studied Parameters are
Air to fuel mass ratio
A/F =15, 20, 30, 40, and 50
Air swirl number
Preheated Air Temperature
Excess Air Factor, λ =0.97, 1.23, 1.95, 2.60, and 3.25
S = 0.50, 0.87, and 1.50
Tpr = 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K
Used Fuel LPG
60% (Propane) C3H8 and 40%C4H10(Butane] …….
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The Measurements
Temperature distributions
Visible flame length
Volume of high temperatures region
Exhaust species concentrations
CO2, CO, O2, NOx
Region ofTemperatures larger than
1300K
InRadial & Axial
Directions
Temperature Contours&
Temperature Maps
Emission of Index, EI of CO2, CO, O2, NOx
Measured at the Combustor End Section
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Air line and air preheating unit
LPG fuel line
Burner head and its arrangement
Water cooled swirl type combustor
The experimental test rig consists of:
Experimental Test Rig
8Experimental test rig
Experimental Test Rig
9 Combustion Air Line and Preheating Air Unit
Experimental Test Rig
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Air Preheating Unit
1 -Steel pipe
3 -Electrical heaters
2 -Insulation
4 -Automatic electric switches
Experimental Test Rig
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A Photograph of Electrical heaters
A photograph of Air preheating unit with and without insulation
Experimental Test Rig
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Water-cooled combustor
Experimental Test Rig
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Burner head
Fuel Nozzle
Air Swirler
Fuel Nozzle Air Swirler
Experimental Test Rig
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Platinum and Platinum-Rhodium (13 %) bare wire thermocouple
Experimental Test Rig
15 A photograph of experimental test rig
Experimental Test Rig
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The Experimental Study
Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on
Temperature distributions
Visible flame length
Volume of high temperatures region
Exhaust species concentrations
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The Experimental Study
To clarify the effect of the studied parameters;
The inlet fuel thermal load and momentum are
kept constant for all the studied experimental runs
Air to Fuel Mass Ratio, AFR
Air Swirl Number, S
Preheating Air Temperature, Tpr
Mass Fuel Flow Rate = 1.0 g/s and Fuel Nozzle Diameter = 6 mm
Therefore
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Temperature Distributions
Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Temperature distributions
Experimental Results
S = 0.50, T=300 K
S = 1.50, T=300 K
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AFR = 20AFR = 30AFR = 40AFR = 50
S = 0.50, T=300 K
Effect of air to fuel mass ratio on temperature distributions
AFR = 15
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AFR = 20AFR = 30AFR = 40AFR = 50
S = 1.50, T=300 K
AFR = 15
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Temperature Distributions
Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Temperature distributions
Experimental Results
AFR = 30, T=300 K
AFR = 30, T=400 K
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S = 0.87S = 1.5
Effect of swirl number on temperature distributions
AFR = 30, T=300 K
S = 0.50
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S = 0.87S = 1.5S = 0.50
AFR = 30, T=400 K
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Temperature Distributions
Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Temperature distributions
Experimental Results
AFR = 30, S=0.50
AFR = 30, S=1.50
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T=350 KT=400 KT=450 KT=500 K
AFR = 30, S=0.50
Effect of preheated air temperature on temperature distributions
T = 300 K
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T=350 KT=400 KT=450 KT=500 K
AFR = 30, S=1.50
T = 300 K
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Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Visible flame length
Experimental Results
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Effect of air to fuel mass ratio on the flame length for different air swirl numbers
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AFR=15 AFR=20 AFR=30 AFR=40 AFR=500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
S=0.5 S=0.87 S=1.5
FL
/ L
C
T=300 K T=350 K T=410 K T=460 K T=500 K
-0.0999999999999994
5.82867087928207E-16
0.100000000000001
0.200000000000001
0.300000000000001
0.400000000000001
0.500000000000001
0.600000000000001
S = 0.5 S = 0.87 S = 1.5
FL /
LC
Effect of air swirl number on flame length for different air to fuel mass ratios
Effect of air swirl number on flame length for different preheated air temperature at AFR of 30
Effect of air swirl number on the flame length
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Effect of preheated air temperatures on flame length
Effect of preheated air temperature on flame length for different air swirl number and air to fuel mass ratio of 30
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Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Volume of high temperatures region
Experimental Results
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The volume of the high temperatures region is calculated for the temperature ranges of 1300 to 1600 K.
Volume of High Temperatures Region
Effect of preheated air temperature on the volume of the high temperatures region at different air swirl numbers and air to fuel mass ratio of 30
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Effect of
Air to fuel mass ratio (15, 20,30, 40,and50)
Air swirl number, S (0.5, 0.87, and 1.5)
Preheated air temperature (300, 350,
400, 450, 500K)
on Exhaust species concentrations
Experimental Results
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Effect of air to fuel mass ratio on the emission index for different air swirl numbers
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Effect of preheated air temperature on the emissions index
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The flame size decreases and the high temperatures region shifts upstream and became very close to the
burner.
The flame length decreases by about 64, 62, and 60% for air swirl numbers of 0.50, 0.87, and 1.50,
respectively.
Effect of Air to Fuel Mass RatioConclusions
Effect of Air Swirl Number
The flame temperature levels increase and then consequently the volume of the high temperatures region also increases.
The highest value of the volume of the high temperatures region is about 9% of the
combustor volume for air swirl number of 1.50 and AFR=15.
Increasing the air to fuel mass ratio from 15 to 50:
Increasing the air swirl number from 0.50 to 1.50:
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Effect of Air Preheated Temperature
The chemical reaction rate increases and then the time of combustion reduces which consequently leading to increasing the flame temperature levels and then in turn increasing the volume of the high temperatures region, and decreasing in the flame length.
The flame length is decreased by about 45, 42, and 26% for air swirl numbers of 0.50, 0.87, and 1.50, respectively.
The volume of the high temperatures region is increased by about 432% for S = 0.50
The highest volume value of the high temperatures region is about 18% of the combustor volume for air swirl number of 1.50 and preheated air temperature of 500 K.
The EINOx, EICO2 and EIO2 increase, while EICO decreases.
The highest reduction in EICO is 92% for air swirl number, S = 0.50
The highest increase in EINOx is 141% for air swirl number, S = 0.87
Increasing the preheated air temperature from 300 to 500 K:
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