11

Physics Results of Belle and

Prospects for Belle II

Physics Results of Belle and

Prospects for Belle IIY.Sakai KEK

Reference for physics prospects

•Physics at Super B Factory [arXiv:1002.5012]•SuperB Progress Report [arXiv:.10081541]

22

Physics at B factoryPhysics at B factory

• B physics (~1.1nb)

- CP violation & CKM - Rare decays

• Charm physics (~1.3 nb)

• physics (~0.9nb)

• two-photon processes • New Resonance - ordinary & exotics

c

c _

B

B_

Y(4S)

Variety of Physics !Complement/Cooperative with /Charm factory !

Goal/Milestones of B-factoryGoal/Milestones of B-factory

33

Discovery of CPV in B decaysDiscovery of CPV in B decays

Precise test of KM and SMPrecise test of KM and SM

Search for NPSearch for NP

Step1

Step2

Step3

2001 summer !

Hints of NPEstablish procedures

2008

~50 times more data (higher luminosity)

(SUSY, Extra-dim…)

CP ViolationCP Violation

44

Difference between particle & anti-particle

Universe: almost “matter” only (no anti-matter)

Big-Bang N(particles) = N(anti-particles)

Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989)CPV is a key for Existence of Universe & us !

Sakhalov’s 3 conditions (1967): 1. baryon number violation 2. CP violation 3. existence of non-equiblium

(matter & anti-matter)

55

Kobayashi-Maskawa: CPVKobayashi-Maskawa: CPV

b

s

d

VVV

VVV

VVV

b

s

d

tbtstd

cbcscd

ubusud

'

'

'

2

2

)1(

2/

)(2/

AiA

A

iA

CPV: due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrixCPV: due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrix

CKM matrix

Wolfenstein representation

1

2

3

Vtd Vtb

Vcd Vcb

Vud Vub*

*

*

Unitaritytriangle

dj

uk

W-

Vkj

66

KEKB AcceleratorKEKB Accelerator

~1 km in diameter

Mt. Tsukuba

KEKBBelle

e+ source

Ares RF cavity

Belle detector

8 GeV e8 GeV e-- x 3.5 GeV e x 3.5 GeV e++: 22mrad crossing : 22mrad crossing Lpeak = 2.11x1034 Integ. Lum. ~1040 fb-1

77

Peak LuminosityPeak Luminosity

2.11x1034 1.21x1034

>1fb-1/day>1 M BB>1fb-1/day>1 M BB

_

Data at B-factoriesData at B-factories

88

(fb-1)

“Intense Analysis Phase”

(have to switch to new units, 1 ab-1)

772MBB

487MBB

_

_

99

Belle DetectorBelle Detector

KL detector14/15 layer RPC+Fe

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

CsI(Tl) 16X0

Aerogel Cherenkov Counter n = 1.015~1.030

Si Vertex Detector4-layer DSSD

TOF counter

3.5 GeV e+

Central Drift Chamber momentum, dE/dx 50-layers + He/C2H6

charged particle tracking

K/ separation

K/ separation

B vertex Muon / KL identification

, 0 reconstructione+-, KL identification

8.0 GeV e-

1010

The Belle CollaborationThe Belle Collaboration

15 countries, ~60 institutes, ~400 collaborators

Indiana U.ITEPKanagawa U.KEKKarlsruhe U.KISTIKorea U.Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys.Kyungpook Nat’l U. EPF Lausanne Jozef Stefan Inst. / U. of Ljubljana / U. of MariborLuther U. of Melbourne MPI

BINPBonn U.Charles U.Chiba U.U. of CincinnatiFu-Jen C.U.Giessen U.Gyeongsang Nat’l U.GoethingenHanyang U.U. of HawaiiHiroshima Tech.IHEP, BeijingIHEP, Moscow IHEP, Vienna

Nagoya U.Nara Women’s U.National Central U.National Taiwan U.National United U.Nihon Dental CollegeNiigata U.Osaka RCNPOsaka City U.Panjab U.Peking U.PNNLRikenSaga U.USTCSeoul National U.

Shinshu U.Sungkyunkwan U.U. of SydneyTata InstituteToho U.Tohoku U.Tohuku Gakuin U.U. of TokyoTokyo Inst. of Tech.Tokyo Metropolitan U.Tokyo U. of Agri. and Tech.Toyama Nat’l CollegeTorinoWayne S.U.VPIYonsei U.

CPV in B0 decaysCPV in B0 decays

1111

B0

B0 fcpfcpB0

B0

A

A

=mixing

Initial: B0 B0

B0

_Oscillation

Interference Direct decay Mixing + Decay

Decay: A

Decay-time dependent CPVDecay-time dependent CPV

SandaBigiCarter

Weak Phasedifference

_A

V*td

V*td_ _

t

dt

b

b

d _ww B0B0

__

d

b_ c

c

sd

_wB0J/

K0

V*cb

frequency: md (BH, BL)

CPV in B0 decaysCPV in B0 decays

1212t (decay time)[ps]

B0

B0 fcpfcpB0

B0

A

A

=mixing

Decay: A

SandaBigiCarter

_A

1

2

3

Vtd Vtb

Vcd Vcb

Vud Vub*

*

*f sin21 sin(md t)

B0 B0_

f : CP eigenvalue)

mixing

Decay sin21

Pro

b.

ACP

1313

Time-dep CPV MeasurementTime-dep CPV MeasurementFlavor-tag (B0 or B0 ?)

J/(’)

KS

ee

zt=0fCP

Vertexing

Reconstruction

ExtractCPV

fitB0B0

B0-tag B0-tag

t z/c

eff ~30%

t~140ps

=0.425 (KEKB)0.56 (PEP-II)

same analysis method applied for all modes

1414

sin21 : CPV observationsin21 : CPV observation

1137events

B0 tag_

B0 tag

Asy

mm

etry

31M BB

2001

First observed CPV in B (2001)

0.6870.0280.012

0.670 0.023

1515

sin21 : Precision meas.sin21 : Precision meas.

B0 tag_B

0 tag

535M BB

14000signals

2006

3.4% error !

Measurement of CKMMeasurement of CKM

1616

1

2

3

Vtd Vtb

Vcd Vcb

Vud Vub*

*

*

(

((

Complete test of KM & SM Complete test of KM & SM

B experiments can provide all measurements !B experiments can provide all measurements !

Determination of UT

B0-mixing (md)B

B0 (cc)K(*)0

B0 D*+D(*)-(K)

B D(*)l

b c l

B DcomK

B0 D(*)+

B l b u l

B ,

Over constraint !

Verification of KM for CPVVerification of KM for CPV

1717

All consistent

CPV: caused by a single phase of CKM matrix

CPV: caused by a single phase of CKM matrix

2008 Physics Nobel Prize2008 Physics Nobel Prize

Verified by B-factoryexperiments

Next ChallengeNext Challenge

1818

In spite of Great Success of SM, there must be New Physics beyond SM at High Energy scale (SM is valid effective theory at current E-scale)

Observed CPV in SM is not enough to explain matter dominance of Universe [>O(1010)] !

Observed CPV in SM is not enough to explain matter dominance of Universe [>O(1010)] !

New Source of CPV should exists (beyond SM)

One of Next important goals of Flavor PhysicsOne of Next important goals of Flavor Physics

Note) NP effects appear in Flavor Physics in various way !

Energy Frontier

1919

Rare B decays Rare B decays

CPV in B CPV in B

Search for New PhysicsSearch for New Physics provide Powerful tool for Search NP ( New Phase )

excellent opportunities for NP search

Loop diagramLoop diagram

Decays involving ( H)Decays involving ( H)

Decays (Lepton Flavor Violation = NP) : B-factory = -factory Decays (Lepton Flavor Violation = NP) : B-factory = -factory

Penguins [bs(d) , bs(d) l+l]

Key

ANP ~ ASM (small/forbidden)

[ bsqq tCPV]

Establish analysesHint of NPEstablish analysesHint of NP

NP : Precise CKMNP : Precise CKM

2020

50ab-1

Still ~10% roomfor NP

New Source of CPV:New Source of CPV:

2121 2121

b

dsd

X ss

’

KS

b

dsd

t ss

’

KS

_B0 +

b sqq b sqq --

+ New Physics with New PhaseSbs Sbc , ADCP can 0

_

SM: bs Penguin phase = (cc) K0-

“b ccs: sin21” (SM reference) deviation

Vts Vtb*

Summary of New CPV searchSummary of New CPV search

2222

B0 J/K0 　

Reference point of SM

No clear deviation seenin all modes (1~2)

New CPV effect can beseen with much largerdata

Super B-factorySuper B-factory

SuperKEKB prospectSuperKEKB prospect

2323

J/K0

K0

Compelling measurement in a clean mode

MC

This would establish the existence of a NP phase in bs penguins.

bs

23

B K0 at 50/ab with ~present WA values

Kπ Puzzle in B /⁰ B⁺ CP ViolationKπ Puzzle in B /⁰ B⁺ CP Violation

2424

5.3σ deviation Hint of NP ?

S.-W. Lin et al. (The Belle collaboration), Nature 452, 332 (2008).

B⁰ K⁻π⁺ B⁰ K⁺π⁻

B⁻ K⁻π⁰ B⁺ K⁺π⁰

B⁰

B⁺

_

Expected to be same

AK = A(K+−) − A(K+0) = −0.147 ± 0.028

Solutions to the AK PuzzleSolutions to the AK Puzzle

TT P

T P C PEW

Expectation from current theory

T & P are dominant AK ~ 0

• Enhancement of large C with large strong phase to T strong inter. !?

Yoshikawa 2003; Mishima & Yoshikawa 2004;Buras et. al. 2004, 2006; Baek & London 2007;Hou et. al. 2007; Feldmann, Jung & Mannel 2008

Chiang et. al. 2004Li, Mishima & Sanda 2005

Can this issue be resolved in a model-independent way by experiment ?

See Nature commentary by Michael Peskin

25

Enhancement of large PEW

New physics

Enhancement of large PEW

New physics

Model-indep. Sum RuleModel-indep. Sum Rule

2626

B →K A(K0+)=0.009 ±0.025 A(K+0)=0.050 ±0.025 A(K+-)=-0.098 ±0.012 A(K00)=-0.01 ±0.10

HFAG, ICHEP08 A(K00)

A(K0+)

sum rule

A(K

+ 0)

measured (HFAG)

expected (sum rule)

M. Gronau, PLB 627, 82 (2005); D. Atwood & A. Soni, Phys. Rev. D 58, 036005(1998).Sum rule proposed by:

26

SuperKEKB prospectSuperKEKB prospect

2727

B →K0: main syst. uncertainty full systematics treated as non-scaling (conservative)

A(K00)

A(K0+)

A(K

+ 0)

Belle II, 50 ab-1

27

sum ruleImportant to measure A(K00)precisely

Charged Higss HuntingCharged Higss Hunting

2828

Variety of Modes sensitive to Charged Higgs

B-Factory:

Some are only possible at B-Factory

Inclusive b s Inclusive b s

2929

DataBackgroundsubtracted

Fully Inclusive measurement 657M BB

SM

b s Summaryb s Summary

3030

Sensitivity to new physics from charged Higgs

The B meson decay constant, determined by the B wavefunction at the origin

HH++ Search: B Search: B++ + + (Decays with Large Missing Energy)

(|Vub| taken from indep. measurements.)

31

ν: Experimental Challenge ν: Experimental Challenge

32

(4S)B- B+

e+

e

B++, +e+e

B-X

Always > 2 neutrinos appear

in B decay

_

Signature : 1 track +invisible

Experimental Challenge !

ν: Experimental Challenge ν: Experimental Challenge

(4S)B- B+

e+

e

B++, +e+e

B-X

33Can be measured only by B-Factory !

Also for B D(*) B K

Also for B D(*) B K

Tag-side: Full reconstruction

(*)0 (*)1/ / / SB D a D

0 0 0/D D sD

ν Resultsν Results

3434

2.8

B D(*)B D(*)

3535

• B D* : Lepton () polarization info. Expected B ~ 1.4% in SM (large) But, large background (D*(**)l, D*X)

[e.g. D.S.Hwang EPJ C14,271(2000)]

Always involve > 2 (Missing E):

B D(*)ResultsB D(*)Results

3636

657M BB

[PRL 99, 191807(2007)]

[PRD 82, 0720005(2010)]

B0 D*-+

First Observation !First Observation !

B D(*) SummaryB D(*) Summary

3737

Constraints on charged HiggsConstraints on charged Higgs

U. Haisch, hep-ph/0805.2141; ATLAS curve added by Steve Robertson

Also see (MSSM),D. Eriksson,F.Mahmoudi and 0.Stal

3838

3939

Large mixing, |x|>>|y|, CPV New Physics !Large mixing, |x|>>|y|, CPV New Physics !

D0-D0 MixingD0-D0 Mixing

Quark level: Box diagram (~ B0-mixing)

SM box: O(10-9) +Long distance: O(10-3~10-2)

x=m/ y=/2

Only mixing with up-type quark

complementarity to down-type FCNC

D0-mixing : yCPD0-mixing : yCP

4040

PRL 98, 211803 (2007), 540fb-1

Decays to CP eigenstates D0 → K+K- / +-

yxA

y

KK

Ky

CPVno

M

CP

sin2

cos

1)(

)(

“lifetime” difference

First Evidence (2007) !

)%25.032.031.1( CPy

D0-mixing : Wrong signD0-mixing : Wrong sign

4141

D0 : Mixing Signal

But, two sources need decay-time analysis to extract D0-D0 mixing

_“Wrong Sign”

D0 : normal decay

BaBar, PRL 98, 211802 (2007), 384fb-1

12

345

likelihoodcontours

3.9

CDF, PRL 100, 121802 (2008), 1.5fb-1

(0,0)CL 96.1%

400fb-1 PRL 96, 151801 (2006)

D0-mixing : t-dep. DalitzD0-mixing : t-dep. Dalitz

4242

y (%

)

x (%)

most precise x meas.

t

Belle, PRL 99, 131803 (2007), 540fb-1

D0 S

D0-mixing : SummaryD0-mixing : Summary

4343)%4.21.0(

13.0004.0

16.0894.0

)%009.0336.0(

9.46.24

)%18.0813.0(

)%24.0832.0(

D

D

K

A

rad

p

q

R

y

x

Mixing parametersMixing parameters global fit to observables, only KK/, K and Ks projected sensitivities included (no external constraints, e.g. K)

HFAG

x~y~1% ~ SM limit !x~y~1% ~ SM limit !

D0-mixing : prospectD0-mixing : prospect

4444

1@ 50 ab-1

A.G. Akeroyd et al., arXiv:1002.5012

1 @ 50 ab-1

)%8.01.0(049.0004.0

054.0894.0

)%003.0336.0(9.46.24

)%064.0813.0()%095.0832.0(

D

D

K

Arad

p

qR

yx

Mixing parametersMixing parameters global fit to observables, only KK/, K and Ks projected sensitivities included (no external constraints, e.g. K)

Constraints from D0-mixing Constraints from D0-mixing

4545E. Golowich et al., PRD76, 095009 (2007)

D0 D0iLl

kRd~

iLlkRd

~

R couplings

kRdm~

[GeV]

allo

wed

are

a

lines ofconstant |x|

R-parity violating SUSYR-parity violating SUSY

|Vub’Vcb’|

mb

’ [G

eV

]

allowed area

lines ofconstant |x|

4th generation of fermions4th generation of fermions

c

u

u

c

b’ b’

W+

W-

D0 D0

Vcb’

Vcb’

Vub’*

Vub’*

E. Golowich et al., PRD76, 095009 (2007)

Hints/Sensitive to NPHints/Sensitive to NP

4646

A(B K) Puzzle

CPV in b s Penguin ？

Large D0-mixing

Theore

tica

l ca

lcula

tions

usi

ng V

ub,

md,

K

Directmeasurement

CKM Unitarity Triangle

SM

C7=−C7SM

Forwad-Backword Asy,.B K*ℓ+ℓ−

tree

penguin

fL(B VV) ≠ 1

…..

Identification of NP typeIdentification of NP type

4747

mSUGRA

MSSM+R SU(5)+R U(2) FSdegenerate non-

degeneratedegenerate non-

degenerate

ACP(s) ✔

S(K*) ✔ ✔ ✔

S() ✔ ✔ ✔

S(KS) ✔ ✔ ✔

S(BsJ/ ) ✔ ✔ ✔

e ✔ ✔ ✔ ?

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ?

e ✔ ✔ ?

Measu

rem

ents

…

…

[based on T.Goto et.al. PRD77, 095010(2008)]

✔: deviation from SM

SUSY models

Identify by the pattern of deviations from SM

Physics at Super B-factoryPhysics at Super B-factory

4848

Split fermions in large extra dimensions

Universal extra dimensions

Universal extra dimensionsKK graviton exchange

mSUGRA (moderate tan )b

mSUGRA ( large tan )b

SU(5) SUSY GUT with nR

Effective SUSY

Bd unitarity

Time-dependent violationCP

Rare decaysB

Other signals

D. Hitlin

is “DNA chip of New Physics”

is “DNA chip of New Physics”

+ LHC,…+ LHC,…

p p

~g~q~ ~

q lq_

Direct Production by High Energy Coll.Direct Production by High Energy Coll.

b s

q~Virtual Production via Quantum Eff.Virtual Production via Quantum Eff.

Tunnel effect

Energy FrontierEnergy Frontier vs vs Flavor PhysicsFlavor Physics

Energy FrontierEnergy Frontier Luminosity Frontier

Luminosity Frontier

~

2q ij

m

211m 2

12m 213m

221m 2

22m 223m

231m 2

32m 233m

Off-diagonal terms

Diagonal terms

Higher Energy ScaleCan be searched(even if LHC finds no New Physics)

4949

50

Complementarity ofFlavor Physics

(Luminosity Frontier)& Energy Frontier

Higgs

top

W, Z

Standard Model

LHC observes NP in TeV scale•Identify NP type SUSY, Extra Dim. Little Higgs,..?

•Mechanism of Symm. Breaking•CPV via NP

Belle II = Compass

Ene

rgy

Fro

ntie

r

Lum

inos

ity

Fron

tier

New PhysicsSU(5)+Rnon-degenerate

U(2)FSMSSM+Rnon-degenerate

SU(5)+Rdegenerate

MSSM+Rdegenerate

Map

Era of NP Exploration

S.Nishida

51

Higgs

top

W, Z

Belle II = Compass

Ene

rgy

Fro

ntie

r

Lum

inos

ity

Fron

tier

SU(5)+Rnon-degenerate

U(2)FSMSSM+Rnon-degenerate

SU(5)+Rdegenerate

MSSM+Rdegenerate

Search by Flavor Physics in Dark

In case of No New Physics in TeV scale

•FCNC process currently gives various limits on NP

⇒ further explore NP

Standard Model

New Physics

MapS.Nishida

Comparison with LHCbComparison with LHCb

5252

Complementary !Complementary !

SummarySummary

5353

Discovery of CPV in B decaysDiscovery of CPV in B decays

Precise test of KM and SMPrecise test of KM and SM

Search for NPSearch for NP

Step1

Step2

Step3

2001 summer !

Hints of NPEstablish procedures

2008

~50 ab-1 data (L ~1036cm-2s-1 )

(SUSY, Extra-dim…)

LHC: New particle, massesSuperKEKB: couplingsUnderstand NP need Both

Discovery of New ResonancesDiscovery of New Resonances

5454

c’ & e+e-ccccD0*0 & D1*0

X(3872)

c* baryon triplet

X(3940), Y(3940)c2’

Y(4660) Y(4008)

DsJ(2700)cx(3090)

Z(4430)

DsJ(2317/2460)

DsJ(2860)

Y(4260)

Y(4320)

Integ

rated

Lum

ino

sity

Neutral

Charged

uc

uc

dc

uc

u u

c c

cc

g

Hybrid

clusterTetraquark

“Exotic Hadrons”X(3915), Y(4350)Z(4050),Z(4250)Yb

5555

SM CPV: too smallSM CPV: too small

5656

103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

Too Small in SM

Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM (need 3 generation in KM)

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

masses too small !

CPV Phase

0n

nB

[W.S.Hou]

5757

CPV in B0 decays (General)CPV in B0 decays (General)

= S sin(mt) + A cos (mt) A CP

Mixing induced CPV Direct CPV

1

2

3

Vtd Vtb

Vcd Vcb

Vud Vub*

*

*

made by H. Miyake

f ｃｐB0

B0mixing

=B0

B0 f ｃ

ｐ

A

A

q/p

B0

B0

t

5858

1 Measurement 1 Measurement

_

d

b_ c

c

sd

_wB0J/

K0

CP : CP eigenvalue

V*td

V*td_ _

t

dt

b

b

d _ww B0B0

_

= cpsin21 sin(mt) +A cos (mt) A CP

Mixing induced CPV Direct CPV

A 0

1

2

3

Vtd Vtb

Vcd Vcb

Vud Vub*

*

*

First observed CPV in B (2001)

V*cb

A(K00) measurementA(K00) measurement

5959

BKS 0 Signal +1st BKL 0 Signal

3-d fit gives a signal of 65737 events

2855257 (3.7σ incl. systematics)

These modes will be very difficult at a hadron machine

Use flavor tagging to distinguish B0 and anti-B^0

ν : Tension ν : Tension

6060

sin21

measurements

Indirect fitprediction

and more…and more…

6161