1. perkins vs. benguet consolidated 1953

7/25/2019 1. Perkins vs. Benguet Consolidated 1953

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EUGENE ARTHUR PERKINS vs. BENGUET CONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY, ET AL.

EN BANC

[G.R. No. L-1981. October 30, 1953.]

EUGENE ARTHUR PERKINS, demandante-apelado,vs. BENGUETCONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY, ET AL.,demandados.BENGUET CONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY, demandada-apelante.

[G.R. No. L-1982. October 30, 1953.]

EUGENE ARTHUR PERKINS, demandante-apelado,vs.BENGUETCONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY, ET AL., demandados.BENGUET CONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY,peticionaria-apelante.

Sres. Ross. Sel!, C"rr"scoso # $"%&" e% rerese%t"c'o% &el "el"%te.

Sres. Cl"ro (. Recto, )er*'%s, )o%ce E%r'le, Co%trer"s # Go+e e%rerese%t"c'o% &el "el"&o.

SYLLABUS

1. )REBAS CONOC/(/ENO $/C/AL REA)ERRA EL $/CO)ARA REC/B/R )REBA E EC/S/ONES E R/BNALES E A(ER/CA. El tr'b%"l t'e%e co%oc'+'e%to 4&'c'"l &e &ec's'o%es &el r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% # &el'str'ct Cort o Ae"ls &e C"l'or%'", "s' co+o &el Cort o Ae"ls o Ne6 7or*.No !"# %eces'&"&, or t"%to, &e re"br'r l" 'st" # rec'b'r &'c!"s &ec's'o%es co+oreb".

2. )RAC/CA ORENSE SENEC/AS E R/BNALES E A(ER/CACOSA $:GAA. El &e+"%&"%te e% l" rese%te c"s" #" !"b'" obte%'&ose%te%c'" " s "or e% 'l''%"s ;e% Sl"&e )er*'%s co%tr" )er*'%s, 5< $r. 'l., 215=>e &ecl"r" >e, co+o +"r'&o, &eb'" oseer # "&+'%'str"r l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l"co+"@'" &e+"%&"&". )ero or +ot'os >e el solo s"be, "c&'o "l r'b%"l Sre+o&e Ne" 7or* # "ll', co+o r'+er +ot'o &e "cc'o%, l"%teo otr" e l" +'s+"cest'o%, #, co+o se%&o +ot'o &e "cc'o%, >e el er" el &e@o ecls'o &e l"s+'s+"s "cc'o%es. El r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% &e Ne" 7or* &ec'&'o >e &'c!"s


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"cc'o%es co% to&os ss &''&e%&os er"% &e l" ro'e&" ecls'" &e s esos". Se&ecl"r" De c"%&o el &e+"%&"%te "c&'o "l r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* "r" l't'"r &e%eo sobre l" oses'o% # ro'e&e& &e los cert''c"&os &e "cc'o%es e% cest'o%,"b"%&o%o l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e 'l''%"s, re%%c'"%o los &erec!os "&4&'c"&os "el s' !b'er" obte%'&o &ec's'o% "or"ble, es e'&e%te >e est"r'" s"t'sec!o

obl'"r'" " l" otr" "rte " >e l" c+l'ese er+'t'r !o# "l &e+"%&"%te &esobe&cerl",sol"+e%te or>e es co%tr"r'" " ss '%tereses, es sbert'r to&o se%t'&o &e 4st'c'",t"%to +"s c"%to >e el e el "ctor, el &e+"%&"%te e% l" se%&" "cc'o%. No se le&ebe er+'t'r !o# >e '+%" l" se%te%c'" &'ct"&" co%tr" el e% % "s%to >e elro+o'o >e l't'e or tercer" e or l" oses'o% # ro'e&"& &e los +'s+oscert''c"&os &e "cc'o%es co% ss &''&e%&os # >e se le co%ce&" otr" se%tec'" '"l " l">e obto e% el r'b%"l &e 'l''%"s, cos" >e leo "b"%&o%o o&r'" ro+oer%" c"rt" c"s" # "% otr"s sbs''e%tes +'e%tr"s %o obte%" se%tec'" " s e%ter"s"t's"cc'o%. Otr"s 4r's&'cc'o%es sost'e%e% el +'s+o cr'ter'o. ;235 S.., ?e '+'&e l" +lt'l'c'&"& &e "cc'o%es se '+o%e.3. /. /. /.. E% l" c"s" &e Ne" 7or* # e% l" c"s" rese%te !"#

'&e%t'&"& &e cos"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es # &''&e%&os !"# '%&e%t'&"& &e c"s"s or>e el&e+"%&"%te recl"+" e% "+b"s l" ro'e&"& # oses'o% !"# '&e%t'&"& e% l"s erso%"sor>e el &e+"%&"%te e% "+b"s c"s"s es "l +'s+o +"r'&o # l" &e+"%&"&" r'%c'"les s esos" # !"# t"+b'e% '&e%t'&"& e% l" c"l'&"& co% >e lo ero% el &e+"%&"%te #l" &e+"%&"&" recl"+"% co+o ro'et"r'o &e l"s "cc'o%es. Se !"b'" &ec'&'&o e% l"r'+er" c"s" l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es # ss &''&e%&os er"% &e l" ro'e&"& &e l" esos"&e+"%&"&". El +"r'&o &e+"%&"%te co%t'e%&e >e l" co+"@'" >e e'&'o &'c!"s"cc'o%es %o !"s s'&o "rte e% l" c"s" &e Ne" 7or* #, or lo t"%to, %o t'e%e &erec! "

'%oc"r l" &ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% ell" co+o ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&".Se declara Del" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&" srte eecto e% l" rese%te c"s", e% &o%&e se l't'" ortercer" e l" ro'e&"& &e &'c!"s "cc'o%es. L" co%te%c'o% &e >e l" co+"@'" %o!"b'" to+"&o "rte e% l" c"s" e% Ne" 7or* c"rece &e '+ort"%c'", or>e &'c!"co+"@'" %o recl"+" %'%% &erec!o "&erso sobre l"s "cc'o%es es sol"+e%te'&e'co+'s"r'" &e los &''&e%&os # s obl'"c'o% es ""rlos " l" erso%" >e t'e%e&erec!o " ellos, se% &ec's'o% 4&'c'"l. ;Ber%!"r& co%tr" B"%* o A+er'c", 122 )"c.2%&, 892

?. /. /. /. /. /. L" c"s" ro+o'&" or el &e+"%&"%te e% Ne"7or* to or b"se otr" ro+o'&" or s esos" e% C"l'o%'" e% >e el %o e "rte.

E% el rese%te "s%to, co%t'e%&e el &e+"%&"%te >e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &eC"l'o%'" %o le obl'" or>e %o !"b'" s'&o "rte e% "l l't''o, %&"%&ose e% l"&octr'%" &e >e %" "rte %o &ebe ser r'"&" &e ss &erec!os s'% &eb'&o rocesole"l o s'% te%er oort%'&"& &e ser o'&". Se declara De !"b'e%&o el &e+"%&"%tero+o'&o l" c"s" e% Ne" 7or*, l" &ec's'o% e% l" +'s+" co%st't#e res 4&'c"t" #le er4&'c". ;Se%te%c'" &el r'b%"l Sre+o &e Es"@" &e 2 &e &ec'e+bre &e 18


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?9e re&'"r"% leo l"&el tr'b%"l etr"%4ero # '&'er"% el c+l'+'e%to &e l" &ec's'o% &el tr'b%"l &e'l''%"s >e ellos !"b'"% "b"%&o%"&o. )er+'t'rles &e es" +"%er" es co%tr"r'o "l or&e%e '%teres bl'co e% 'l''%"s or>e ertb" l" or&e%"&" "&+'%'str"c'o% &e l" le#.

e l"s "rtes !"b'"% te%'&o "+l'" oort%'&"&&e ser o'&"s, s" &'cto se%te%c'" &ecl"r"%&o " l" Sr". &e )er*'%s &e@" &e l"s "cc'o%es.Est" se%te%c'" es '%"l e%tre los &os. El &e+"%&"%te %o t'e%e &erec!o " '+%"r&'c!" &ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% % "s%to '%'c'"&o or el "%te el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* e%>e ellos, &e+"%&"%te # &e+"%&"&", so% c'&"&"%os.


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9. /. /. /S/NC/ON ENRE LA E$ECC/ON E SENENC/AEJRAN$ERA 7 LA /NER)OS/C/ON E LA (/S(A CO(O EENSA EHRES-$/CAAH. No &ebe co%%&'rse l" e4ecc'o% &e %" se%te%c'" etr"%4er"co% l" ecec'o% &e res 4&'c"t". E'ste &'ere%c'" e%tre e&'r e% 'l''%"s elc+l'+'e%to &e %" &ec's'o% etr"%4er" ;e%orce+e%t o ore'% 4&+e%t= #

rese%t"r l" &ee%s" &e res 4&'c"t". Or&e%"r el c+l'+'e%to &e %" se%te%c'"etr"%4er" '+l'c" "cto &'recto &e sober"%'" reco%ocer l" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&"sol"+e%te '%ter'e%e el se%t'&o &e 4st'c'" &e "!' >e los "rt'clos 1? # ?8-" &e l"Rel" 39, %o &'so%e >e !"#" +e&'"&o "ct"c'o% esec'"l "r" >e l" ecec'o% &eres 4&'c"t" ese "cet"&" co+o se e'e e% el "rt'clo ?e e &ero"&" orresolc'o% &e 9 &e "osto &e 19?. L" r"o% es se%c'll" %o se '&e l" e4ecc'o% &e l"res 4&'c"t" co+o se '&e el c+l'+'e%to &e %" &ec's'o% etr"%4er" sol"+e%te serese%t" co%tr" %" "cc'o% co+o &ee%s".

10. COR)ORAC/ONES /I/ENOS D/EN /ENE ERECKO A LOS(/S(OS. Los &''&e%&os so% "ccesor'os &e l"s "cc'o%es, co+o el '%teres s'e "l

c"'t"l. El &e@o &e l"s "cc'o%es es el &e@o &e los &''&e%&os # es el >e &eberec'b'rlos, " +e%os >e &'so%" otr" cos".

D E C I S I O N

PABLO,J

No es "c'l co+re%&er el rese%te "s%to s'% te%er '&e" &e l"s "r'"s c"s"s

>e le rece&'ero%.

r"c"s"&"s l"s %eoc'"c'o%es e%tre el Sr. Ee%e Art!r )er*'%s # s esos"/&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s sobre l" "rt'c'o% "+'stos" &e ss b'e%es "%"%c'"les, ell"rese%to &e+"%&" e% 30 &e 4%'o &e 1930 e% el $"&o &e )r'+er" /%st"%c'" &e("%'l", '&'e%&o l" l'>'&"c'o% &e los +'s+os # &e >e se le "&4&'c"r" l" +'t"& co%ss ro&ctos.

E% co%test"c'o%, el Sr. )er*'%s "leo >e los b'e%es rel"c'o%"&os e% el "rr"oset'+o &e l" &e+"%&" er"% "%"%c'"les #, e% s reco%e%c'o% # co%tr"&e+"%&","leo >e l" &e+"%&"%te le r'"b" 'le"l+e%te &e l" oses'o% # "&+'%'str"c'o% &e

%" r"% "rte &e los b'e%es "%"%c'"les, '&'o >e l" &e+"%&"%te r'%&'ese ce%t" &e&'c!os b'e%es >e est"b"% e% s o&er # >e le tr"%s'r'ese # e%tre"se to&os losb'e%es >e &'er"% ser !"b'&os. E% el er'o&o &e 30 &'"s &eses &e rese%t"&" l"&e+"%&", se '%co"ro% &'e l't''os co% '%%+er"bles +oc'o%es. L" &e+"%&"%te&es"c!o " s "bo"&o, ret'ro l"s &e+"%&"s co%tr" s +"r'&o co+o l" rese%t"&" e% l"c"s" &e l'>'&"c'o% &e b'e%es "%"%c'"les # '&'o


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H;"= De se le er+'t" ret'r"r s &e+"%&", #

H;b= De se &'cte se%te%c'" e% "or &el &e+"%&"&o e% 'rt& &e sco%tr"&e+"%&", t"l # co+o e% ell" se sol'c't" e% est"s "ct"c'o%es, to&o, s'%e+b"ro, s'% er4'c'o "l "&ec"&o ro%%c'"+'e%to or el $"&o sobre los+er'tos &e c"l>'er +oc'o% >e este e%&'e%te "%te el +'s+o "r" s "llo.H

;Sl"&e )er*'%s contra )er*'%s, 5< $r. 'l., 215= E% ? &e Aosto &e 1930 el$"&o, "cce&'e%&o " lo e&'&o or l"s "rtes, "llo el "s%to &'c'e%&o e% "rte

H. . . sobrese'+'e%to &e l" &e+"%&", "tor'"%&o " l" &e+"%&"%te "ret'r"r s &e+"%&", # co%&e%"%&o " l" &e+"%&"%te " >e r'%&" ce%t" "l&e+"%&"&o &e los b'e%es co%#"les >e se !"ll"% e% oses'o% o b"4o el co%trol&e l" &e+"%&"%te c%&e%"%&o " l" &e+"%&"%te " ce&er, tr"%ser'r # e%tre"r "l&e+"%&"&o to&os los b'e%es co%#"les >e reslt"re% &e &'c!" re%&'c'o% &ece%t"s, # " >e otore " "or &el &e+"%&"&o to&os los &oc+e%tos #escr'tr"s >e ese% %eces"r'os "r" l" co%st"%c'" &el t'tlo le"l &el&e+"%&"&o sobre &'c!os b'e%es.H ;Sl"&ePerkins contra Perkins, supra=.

E% 1< &e set'e+bre &e 1930 el Sr. )er*'%s rese%to %" +oc'o% '&'e%&o l"co+"rece%c'" &e s esos" "r" >e +"%'est"se l"s r"o%es or >e %o se l" &eb'"co%&e%"r or &es"c"to or !"ber &esobe&ec'&o l" se%te%c'" c't"&". E% 2 &e &'c'e+bre&e 1930 l" Sr". &e )er*'%s rese%to, %" &e+"%&" co%tr" s +"r'&o '&'e%&o"l'+e%tos. E% 15 &e e%ero &e 1931, c'%co +eses # o%ce &'"s &eses &e &'ct"&" l"se%te%c'" e% el r'+er "s%to, ell" '&'o l" reoc"c'o% &e l" se%te%c'", %&"&" e% el"rt'clo 113 &el Co&'o &e )roce&'+'e%to C''l, +oc'o% >e e &esest'+"&" e% &e+"ro. E% 30 &e +"ro &el +'s+o "@o l" Sr". &e )er*'%s e co%&e%"&" or &es"c"to# se or&e%o s recls'o% e% l" c"rcel !"st" >e !b'ere c+l'&o l"s or&e%es e% l"se%te%c'" &el ? &e "osto.

Co%tr" l" or&e% &e%e"%&o l" +oc'o% &e reoc"c'o% &e l" se%te%c'" or r"&e# l" &ec's'o% &e &es"cto, l" Sr". &e )er*'%s "elo, # "+b"s ero% co%'r+"&"s oreste r'b%"l e% 12 &e set'e+bre &e 1932. ;)er*'%s co%tr" )er*'%s, sr"=.

El r'b%"l &ecl"ro >e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s se !"b'" !ec!o cl"ble &e l"c!es;%el'e%c'"= e% l" rese%t"c'o% &e s +oc'o% "r" l" "%l"c'o% &e l" se%te%c'", or%o !"berl" rese%t"&o &e%tro &e % l"o r"o%"ble >e ss "le"c'o%es &e r"&e #&olo eretr"&os co%tr" ell" or s esoso %o er"% c'ert"s >e "l "cce&er " ssol'c't& e>'"l'" " er+'t'rle c"+b'"r s +ot'o &e "cc'o% >e l" se%te%c'" &e ? &e"osto &e 1930 !"b'" >e&"&o 'r+e or %o !"ber s'&o "el"&" or eso &e%eo l"+oc'o% '&'e%&o l" "%l"c'o% &e l" se%te%c'".

Recl'&" e% l" c"rcel or &es"c"to, l" Sr". &e )er*'%s rese%to "%te ester'b%"l %" sol'c't& &e !"be"s cors, "le"%&o >e s &ete%c'o% er" 'le"l #'&'e%&o >e se l" s'ese e% l'bert"&. Se &e%eo s sol'c't& # &e %eo se or&e%o sre+'s'o% " l" r's'o% co% s4ec'o% " l"s or&e%es &el $"&o &e )r'+er" /%st"%c'" &e("%'l", >e !"b'" &'ct"&o l" se%te%c'" &e &es"c"to. ;/&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s co%tr" El'rector &e )r's'o%es, 58 $r. 'l., 292=.


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E% 8 &e "osto &e 1933 el Sr. )er*'%s rese%to %" &e+"%&" "%te el r'b%"lSre+o &e Ne" 7or* co%tr" /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s # l" G"r"%t# rst Co+"%# oNe6 7or*, "le"%&o, e%tre otr"s cos"s, >e te%'" &erec!o " oseer # "&+'%'str"r, orser b'e%es "%"%c'"les b"4o l"s le#es &e 'l''%"s, l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%etCo%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co., ee&'&"s " %o+bre &e /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s # >e est"b"%

b"4o l" csto&'" &e l" G"r"%t# rst Co. o Ne6 7or*, # '&'o >e le e%tre"se% loscert''c"&os &e &'c!"s "cc'o%es # ss &''&e%&os.

L" &e+"%&"&" G"r"%t# rst Co+"%# "leo >e %o te%'" '%teres e% &'c!"s"cc'o%es # >e s' los cert''c"&os est"b"% e% s o&er er" or>e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s los!"b'" &eos't"&o "r" s res"r&o e% octbre &e 1930, # >e est"b" &'sest" "c+l'r lo >e "cor&"re el tr'b%"l.

L" &e+"%&"&" Sr". &e )er*'%s !'4o %" %e"c'o% e%er"l # "leo, co+o&ee%s" esec'"l, >e ell" er" l" &e@" &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%etCo%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# >e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e 'l''%"s e% "or &el

&e+"%&"%te sobre &'c!"s "cc'o%es !"b'" s'&o obte%'&" +e&'"%te r"&e #, or t"%to,%l". Ell" '&'o >e ese &ecl"r"&" &e@" &e &'c!"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es.

Se &'cto se%te%c'" e% "or &el &e+"%&"%te #, e% "el"c'o%, el r'b%"l &eAel"c'o% &e Ne" 7or*, e% 25 &e +"#o &e 193


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E% 29 &e "osto &e 1938 l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# rese%tos co%test"c'o%, e% l" c"l "&+'t'o l"s "le"c'o%es '+ort"%tes &e l" &e+"%&","le"%&o >e, s' !"b'" sse%&'&o el "o &e los &''&e%&os "l &e+"%&"%te, eor>e s esos" !"b'" recl"+"&o t"+b'e% el "o &e los +'s+os &''&e%&os >e %ote%'" '%teres e% &'c!os &''&e%&os # est"b" &'sest" " ""rlos " l" erso%"

"tor'"&" or el 4"&o " rec'b'rlos. El s''e%te &'" l" Be%et rese%to %"+oc'o% '&'e%&o >e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s ese '%cl'&" co+o "rte # >e "l&e+"%&"%te, Sr. )er*'%s, se or&e%"se or el 4"&o " >e e%+e%&"r" s &e+"%&" e%t"l se%t'&o, # >e !'c'ese el e+l""+'e%to correso%&'e%te.

E% set'e+bre &e 1938 el &e+"%&"%te rese%to s &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" # '&'o>e !'c'er" +e&'"%te bl'c"c'o% el e+l""+'e%to " l" %e" &e+"%&". L" Sr". &e)er*'%s, or +e&'o &e s "bo"&o, co+"rec'o # '&'o >e or "lt" &e 4r's&'cc'o%&el 4"&o, se sobrese#er" l" &e+"%&". L" et'c'o% e &e%e"&" e% 21 &e ebrero &e1939, "s' co+o l" +oc'o% &e reco%s'&er"c'o%, e% 31 &e +"ro &el +'s+o "@o. L" Sr".&e )er*'%s, or +e&'o &e s "bo"&o, ro+o'o % recrso &e cert'or"r' "%te este

r'b%"l, >e e &e%e"&o e% 1 &e %o'e+bre &e 1939. ;9 )!'l., 18=.

Geore K. E%el!"r&, el tercer &e+"%&"&o >e e '%cl'&o e% l" &e+"%&" oror&e% &el 4"&o, or te%er % r""+e% sobre "l%"s "cc'o%es, co+"rec'o e% 1&e "osto &e 19?5, # "%%c'o s '%te%c'o% &e re%%c'"r " &'c!" recl"+"c'o% or t"l+ot'o, el 4"&o, e% s or&e% &el +es &e set'e+bre &e 19?5, sobrese#o l" &e+"%&"co%tr" el.

E% &e e%ero &e 19?0, l" Sr". &e )er*'%s rese%to s co%test"c'o% " l"&e+"%&" e%+e%&"&", # &eses l" sst't#o co% %" HCo%test"c'o% E%+e%&"&", co%ee%s"s Esec'"les # Co%tr"&e+"%&"s,H e% l" >e "leo >e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l

&e Ael"c'o% &el Est"&o &e Ne" 7or* >e se !"c'" "rte '%ter"%te &e s escr'to,co%st't#e res "&4&'c"t" sobre to&"s l"s cest'o%es ssc't"&"s or el &e+"%&"%te.Este, e% s rel'c" "leo >e &'c!" &ec's'o% er" %l", &e %'%% "lor %' eecto # >e%o &eb'" ser reco%oc'&" e% 'l''%"s.

L" 'st" &e l" c"s" co+e%o e% 23 &e 4l'o &e 19?0 # &ro !"st" el 21 &ee%ero &e 19?1. El Sr. )er*'%s # l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co., rese%t"ro% ssresect'"s reb"s. L" Sr". &e )er*'%s, or +e&'o &e s "bo"&o, re!so rese%t"rreb"s. El $"&o er+'t'o >e el Sr. )er*'%s rese%t"r" reb"s e% "o#o &e sco%te%c'o% &e >e el r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% &el Est"&o &e Ne" 7or* c"rec'" &e4r's&'cc'o% # >e el "llo &el r'b%"l Sre+o &el Est"&o # co%&"&o &e Ne" 7or*

se !"b'" obte%'&o +e&'"%te r"&e. E% ? &e %o'e+bre &e 19?0, +'e%tr"s el&e+"%&"%te er" ob4eto &e rere%t"s or el "bo"&o &e l" &e+"%&"&" Sr". &e)er*'%s, est" lleo &e Est"&os %'&os #, e% el +'s+o &'", co+"rec'o erso%"l+e%tee% el 4"&o # "cso " s "bo"&o &e !"berse esto e% co%%'e%c'" co% los &e l""rte co%tr"r'" ero el 4"&o co%s'&ero '%%&"&" l" "cs"c'o%. Co% to&o, el Sr.Al" K'll &'+'t'o co+o "bo"&o &e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s # &es&e e%to%ces ell"erso%"l+e%te se e%c"ro &e s "s%to. )or s co%&ct" &esor&e%"&", el 4"&osse%&'o e% 30 &e e%ero &e 19?1 l" 'st", # or&e%o "l Sr. )er*'%s >e '%st't#ese


8/22

"ct"c'o%es &e ttel" sobre l" erso%" # b'e%es &e /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s "r"&eter+'%"r s c""c'&"& &e &'r''r ss ro'os "s%tos. ('e%tr"s est"b"% e%&'e%tes&'c!"s "ct"c'o%es &e ttel", ell" se esc"o " es"r &e l" "&erte%c'" &el 4"&o &e>e %o lo !'c'er" se +"rc!o &e 'l''%"s s'% %o+br"r % "o&er"&o %' &e4"r %"erso%" >e l" rerese%t"se e% ss "s%tos.

r"%te los "@os &e l" oc"c'o% 4"o%es" l"s c"s"s >e&"ro% s'% "ct"r.('e%tr"s t"%to, l" Sr". &e )er*'%s l't'"b" co%tr" l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co.e% C"l'or%'", co%s''e%&o e+b"r"r ree%t'"+e%te ss o%&os &eos't"&os e% %b"%co.

E% 30 &e %o'e+bre &e 19?2, el r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% &e &'c!o est"&o,&ec'&'e%&o l" c"s" e% "el"c'o%, &'4o e% "rte

H)l"'%t', /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s, bro!t t!'s "ct'o% ""'%st &ee%&"%t,Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%#, to recoer ro+ &ee%&"%t t!e

&''&e%&s &ecl"re& b# &ee%&"%t o% cert"'% s!"res o 'ts c"'t"l stoc* "llee& b#l"'%t' to be !er roert#. ee%&"%ts b"s'c &ee%se to t!'s "ct'o% 's t!"t, %&er)!'l''%e l"6, 6!'c! 't cl"'+s co%trols, Ee%e Art!r )er*'%s, !sb"%& ol"'%t', 's e%t'tle& to sc! &''&e%&s. !e tr'"l cort rle& '% "ccor&"%ce 6't!l"'%t's co%te%t'o%s, t!"t t!e 'sse "s to 6!o !"& t'tle to t!e stoc*, "s to 6!o6"s e%t'tle& to t!e &''&e%&s, "%& "s to 6!"t l"6 oer%e&, !"& bee% settle& b# "'%"l 4&+e%t o t!e Ne6 7or* corts b# 6!'c! 't 6"s &eter+'%e&, '% "% "ct'o%bet6ee% l"'%t' "%& !er !sb"%&, t!"t l"'%t' 6"s t!e o6%er o t!e stoc* !ere'% >est'o% "%& e%t'tle& to "ll &''&e%&s &ecl"re& t!ereo%. )er*'%s s. G"r"%t#rst Co. o Ne6 7or*, 2


9/22

co%s'&er"r'" so+et'&" l" c"s" "r" s &ec's'o%. Co+o %'%%" &e l"s "rtes rese%toreb"s "&'c'o%"les, el &e+"%&"%te rese%to %" +oc'o% e-"rte '&'e%&o >e el4"&o &ec'&'ese l" c"s".

E% 25 &e "br'l &e 19?< el $"&o &'cto se%te%c'", c#" "rte &'sos't'" es l"s''e%te

H;1= t!"t t!e l"'%t' Ee%e Art!r )er*'%s, "s t!e +"%"er o t!eco%4"l "rt%ers!' bet6ee% !'+sel "%& t!e &ee%&"%t /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s,'s t!e o%l# erso% e%t'tle& to t!e ossess'o%, co%trol "%& &'sos"l o "ll s!"res ot!e Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%#, st"%&'% '% !'s %"+e '% t!e boo*so s"'& &ee%&"%t co+"%#, "rt'cl"rl# t!e 52,8


10/22

H!e seco%& c"se o "ct'o% &'ce el r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% &e Ne"7or* 's '% co%ers'o% "%& oe%s t!e >est'o% o t'tle '% "%& o6%ers!' ot!e stoc* &e %oo 6't!ot rel'"%ce o% 4&'c'"l rocee&'%s '% t!e )!'l''%es.)l"'%t' see*s " &ecree o% t!e +er'ts t!"t !e 's t!e tre "%& l"6l o6%er ot!e cert''c"tes '% >est'o%, t!"t t!e cert''c"tes o stoc* be &el'ere& to !'+, "%&

t!"t t!e &ee%&"%ts "cco%t or "%& "# oer to !'+ "ll &''&e%&s rece'e& b#t!e+.H ;)er*'%s . G"r"%t# rst Co+"%# o Ne6 7or*,supra=.

El r'b%"l &e Ael"c'o% &ec'&'o >e &'c!"s "cc'o%es co% to&os ss &''&e%&os er"%&e l" ro'e&"& ecls'" &e l" &e+"%&"&" /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s. C"%&o el&e+"%&"%te "c&'o "l r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* "r" l't'"r &e %eo sobre l" oses'o%# ro'e&"& &e los cert''c"&os &e "cc'o%es &e l" Be%et, "b"%&o%o l" &ec's'o% &elr'b%"l &e 'l''%"s, re%%c'"%&o los &erec!os "&4&'c"&os " el s' !b'er" obte%'&o&ec's'o% "or"ble, es e'&e%te >e est"r'" s"t'sec!o # obl'"r'" " l" otr" "rte " >el" c+l'ese er+'t'r !o# "l &e+"%&"%te &esobe&ecerl", sol"+e%te or>e esco%tr"r'" " ss '%tereses, es sbert'r to&o se%t'&o &e 4st'c'", t"%to +"s c"%to >e el

e el "ctor, el &e+"%&"%te e% l" se%&" "cc'o%. No se le &ebe er+'t'r !o# >e'+%e l" se%te%c'" &'ct"&" co%tr" el e% % "s%to >e el ro+o'o >e l't'e ortercer" e or l" oses'o% # ro'e&"& &e los +'s+os cert''c"&os &e "cc'o%es co%ss &''&e%&os # >e se le co%ce&" otr" se%te%c'" '"l " l" >e obto e% el r'b%"l&e 'l''%"s, cos" >e leo "b"%&o%o o&r'" ro+oer %" c"rt" c"s" # "% otr"ssbs''e%tes +'e%tr"s %o obte%" se%te%c'" " s e%ter" s"t's"cc'o%. Otr"s4r's&'cc'o%es sost'e%e% el +'s+o cr'ter'o.

H!ere c't# "s l"'%t' 6"s sccessl '% 'ts e4ect+e%t s't orossess'o% o l"%&, bt 6!'le "e"l 6"s e%&'% electe& to "ssert '&e%t'c"lc"se o "ct'o% "s " co%tercl"'+ '% >'et t'tle s't b# &ee%&"%ts, t!e elect'o%co%st'tte& "% "b"%&o%+e%t o r'!ts 6!'c! c't# !"& "c>'re& '% t!e 4&+e%t '%t!e e4ect+e%t s't.H ;C't# o C"rt!ers'le . C"%trell, 2?1 S. S. [2&] e se te4e # &este4e " e%trete%'+'e%to &e%" &e l"s "rtes. L" rel" >e '+'&e l" +lt'l'c'&"& &e "cc'o%es se '+o%e.

El &e+"%&"%te co%t'e%&e >e l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# %o !"s'&o "rte e% l" c"s" &e Ne" 7or* #, or lo t"%to, %o t'e%e &erec!o " '%oc"r l"&ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% ell" co+o ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&".


11/22

El "rt'clo 1252 &el Co&'o C''l &'so%e >e H)"r" >e l" res%c'o% &e cos"4"&" srt" eecto e% otro 4'c'o, es %eces"r'o >e, e%tre el c"so reselto or l"se%te%c'" # ">el e% >e est" se" '%oc"&", co%crr" l" +"s erect" '&e%t'&"& e%trel"s cos"s, l"s c"s"s, l"s erso%"s &e los l't'"%tes # l" c"l'&"& co% >e lo ero%.H

E% l" c"s" &e Ne" 7or* # e% l" c"s" rese%te !"# '&e%t'&"& &e cos"s2?,000 "cc'o%es # &''&e%&os !"# '&e%t'&"& &e c"ses, or>e el &e+"%&"%te recl"+"e% "+b"s l" ro'e&"& # oses'o% !"# '&e%t'&"& e% l"s erso%"s or>e el&e+"%&"%te e% "+b"s c"s"s es el Sr. )er*'%s # l" &e+"%&"&" r'%c'"l es l" Sr". &e)er*'%s # !"# t"+b'e% '&e%t'&"& e% l" c"l'&"& co% >e lo ero% or>e el&e+"%&"%te # l" &e+"%&"&" recl"+"% co+o ro'et"r'os l"s "cc'o%es. Se !"b'"&ecl"r"&o e% l" r'+er" c"s" >e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es # ss &''&e%&os er"% &e l"ro'e&"& &e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s. L" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&" srte eecto, or t"%to,e% l" rese%te c"s", e% &o%&e se l't'" or tercer" e l" ro'e&"& &e &'c!"s"cc'o%es.

L" co%te%c'o% &e >e l" Be%et %o !"b'" to+"&o "rte e% l" c"s" e% Ne"7or* c"rece &e '+ort"%c'", or>e l" Be%et %o recl"+" %'%% &erec!o "&ersosobre l"s "cc'o%es es sol"+e%te '&e'co+'s"r'" &e los &''&e%&os # s obl'"c'o% es""rlos " l" erso%" >e t'e%e &erec!o " ellos, se% &ec's'o% 4&'c'"l. Reselt" l"ro'e&"& &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es, &ebe e%te%&erse %eces"r'"+e%te reselt" l" cest'o%"ccesor'" " >'e% !"# >e ""r los &''&e%&os. Es e'&e%te >e %o &ebe ""rse "l>e e e%c'&o e% 4'c'o. E% el "s%to &e Ne" 7or* %o !"# %eces'&"& &e !"cer est"co%cls'o% oros" or>e eres"+e%te se &ecl"ro >e l" Sr". &e )er*'%s es l" &e@"&e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es # ss &''&e%&os.

E% Ber%!"r& contra B"%* o A+er'c" ;122 )"c. [2&] 892=, Kele% Ber%!"r&,co+o se%&" "&+'%'str"&or" &e l" test"+e%t"r'" &e l" '%"&" Cl"r" S"t!er, rese%to&e+"%&" co%tr" el B"%* o A+er'c" "r" cobr"r % &eos'to &e l" '%"&", "le"%&o>e est" %o !"b'" "tor'"&o s ret'r"&". Al co%cl'r s "&+'%'str"c'o%, >e &ro"r'os "@os, Coo*, %o+br"&" r'+er "&+'%'str"&or &e los b'e%es &e l" '%"&" S"t!er,rese%to %" ce%t", co%tr" l" c"l se os'ero% Kele% Ber%!"r&, Be"l"! Ber%!"r&,Kester Brto% e /" Le&o, be%e'c'"r'"s &el test"+e%to &e l" '%"&" S"t!er. eses&e l" 'st" correso%&'e%te, el tr'b%"l &e test"+e%t"r'" "robo l" ce%t", # l" or&e% &e"rob"c'o% &ecl"ro >e, e% '&", l" '%"&" Cl"r" S"t!er !"b'" &o%"&o " Coo* el'+orte &e s &eos'to e% cest'o%. El r'b%"l Sre+o &e C"l'or%'" &ecl"ro >e

c"%&o Kele% Ber%!"r& # l"s &e+"s cobe%e'c'"r'"s &el test"+e%to se os'ero% " l""rob"c'o% &e l" ce%t" &e Coo*, rerese%t"b"% t"+b'e% " l" test"+e%t"r'" "lresolerse >e el &eos'to er" &e l" ro'e&"& &e Coo*, or>e se lo &o%o l" '%"&"Cl"r" S"t!er, ell"s >e&"b"% obl'"&"s " reset"r l" &ec's'o% # >e l" &ee%s" &e res4&'c"t" '%oc"&" or el B"%* o A+er'c" er" be%" co%tr" l" &e+"%&" &e Kele%Ber%!"r&, co+o "&+'%'str"&or" &e los b'e%es &e Cl"r" S"t!er.


12/22

El B"%* o A+er'c" %o !" to+"&o "rte e% l" "rob"c'o% &e l" ce%t" &el"&+'%'str"&or Coo*, co+o t"+oco to+o "rte l" Be%et e% el l't''o sobre l"ro'e&"& &e l"s "cc'o%es # ss &''&e%&os e% los tr'b%"les &e Ne" 7or* eroco+o el 4"&o &e test"+e%t"r'" !"b'" &ec'&'&o #" >e el &eos'to er" ro'e&"& &eCoo*, %eces"r'"+e%te, co+o co%sece%c'" oros", Kele% Ber%!"r& # ss

cobe%e'c'"r'"s %o o&'"% recl"+"rlo &el B"%* o A+er'c" %o er" 4sto >e &'c!oB"%co ""se r'+ero el &eos'to &e l" '%"&" " Coo* # " ss le"t"r'"s &eses. )ors'+'l't&, t"+oco e&e !o# el &e+"%&"%te recl"+"r &e l" Be%et el "o &e los&''&e%&os &e l"s "cc'o%es >e ell" #" !"b'" ""&o " l" er&"&er" &e@", l" Sr". &e)er*'%s. L" &ec's'o% &el 4"&o &e test"+e%t"r'" co%st't#e res juridicata sobre l"ro'e&"& &el &eos'to # e %" be%" &ee%s" e% Ber%!"r& co%tr" B"%* o A+er'c",supra, co+o l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* # !ec!" eect'" e% C"l'or%'"co%st't#e res judicata ob'ce o estoppel e% 'rt& &e se%te%c'" e% l" rese%te c"s" oe% c"l>'er otr" oster'or >e t'e%&" " &'sct'r l" ro'e&"& &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es.

No se %os "so '%"&ert'&" l" co%te%c'o% &el &e+"%&"%te &e >e l" &ec's'o% &el

r'b%"l &e C"l'or%'" %o le obl'" or>e %o !"b'" s'&o "rte e% el l't''o,%&"%&ose e% l" &octr'%" &e >e %" "rte %o &ebe ser r'"&" &e ss &erec!os s'%&eb'&o roceso le"l o s'% te%er oort%'&"& &e ser o'&". es"ort%"&"+e%te, el&e+"%&"%te %o se e%ce%tr" e% t"l s't"c'o%, or>e e el >'e% ro+o'o l" c"s"e% Ne" 7or* # l" &ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% ell" e l" b"se &e l" &el r'b%"l &eC"l'or%'".

El r'b%"l Sre+o &e Es"@" e% 2 &e &'c'e+bre &e 18e l" le# 20, t't. 22, &e l" )"rt'&" 3. ", est"blece co+o rel" e%er"l >e l"cos" 4"&" %o er4&'c" " erso%"s >e %o '%ter'%'ero% e% el 4'c'o, t"+b'e% lo es>e ecec'o%" ">ellos c"sos e% >e est"s erso%"s e4erc't"% l" +'s+" "cc'o% co%'"l ob4eto, '%oc"% los +'s+os &erec!os # %&"% ss rete%s'o%es e% los +'s+ost'tlos, &e +"%er" >e l" s't"c'o% 4r'&'c" &e l"s "rtes es '&e%t'c" e% %o # otro4'c'o.H ;?2 $r. C'., ?9?=. L"s &e+"%&"%tes e% l" r'+er" c"s" %o so% l"s +'s+"s&e+"%&"%tes e% l" se%&", s'%o otro co% to&o, l" &ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% l" r'+er"c"s" e% >e %o to+o "rte el &e+"%&"%te e% l" se%&" c"s", co%st't#e resjudicata # le er4&'c".

E% otr" oc"s'o% el +'s+o r'b%"l &ecl"ro HDe l" &octr'%" e% c#" 'rt&"r" >e e&" est'+"rse l" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&" es rec'so >e se &e% &e +o&oco%4%to l"s tres '&e%t'&"&es &e erso%"s, cos"s # "cc'o%es, "bsolt"+e%te e% %"&"&es'rt" l" 4r'sr&e%c'" t"+b'e% est"blec'&", # e% c#" 'rt& se est'+"4r'&'c"+e%te >e e'ste '&e%t'&"& &e erso%"s c"%&o l" >e l't'" e% el se%&ole'to e4erc't" l" +'s+" "cc'o% >e se e4erc'to e% el r'+ero, '%oc" '"les%&"+e%tos # "o#" s rete%s'o% e% los +'s+os t'tlos.H ;Se%te%c'" &e 15 &e 4%'o&e 1899, 8< $r. C'., ?9


13/22

% sesto co%&e@o recl"+"%&o l" coro'e&"& >e se le %'e", es lo'co >e ">el>e %o o&r" e4erc't"r leo l" "cc'o% "r" e&'r l" &''s'o% &e l" cos" co+%.H ;8("%res", ?."e&., 535=

E% Coc"-Col" Co. s. )es'-Col" Co., 1


14/22

Se co%'r+" l" or&e% >e &e%'e" l" re"ertr" &e l" 'st" ;c"s" No. L-1982= #se sobresee l" &e+"%&" co% cost"s co%tr" el &e+"%&"%te ;c"s" No. L-1981=.

)"r"s, )res., Be%o%, )"&'ll", "so%, $o, B"t'st" A%elo, # L"br"&or,((., est"% co%or+es.

RESOLC/ON("#o 28, 195?

)ABLO,M.

El &e+"%&"%te '&e l" reco%s'&er"c'o% &e l" &ec's'o% soste%'e%&o >e %o"b"%&o%o l" se%te%c'" >e el !"b'" obte%'&o e% l" c"s" tr"+'t"&" e% los r'b%"les &e("%'l", or>e el !"b'" "c&'&o " los &e Ne" 7or* "r" e&'r rec's"+e%te >e see4ect"se &'c!" se%te%c'". L" +oc'o% &e reco%s'&er"c'o% &'ce

H!e o%l# rose o !'s Ne6 7or* "ct'o% 6"s to e%orce !'s '%"l)!'l''%e 4&+e%t. . . . H ;". 12.=

HAll t!"t l"'%t' so!t b# !'s co+l"'%t '% t!e Ne6 7or* s't 6"s toe%orce t!e '%"l 4&+e%t o t!e )!'l''%e corts, b# secr'% t!e retr% o t!ecert''c"tes, t!e o6%ers!' o 6!'c! !"& "lre" bee% &eter+'%e& b# t!e s"'&4&+e%t, . . .

H)l"'%t', '% rs'% t!e Ne6 7or* s't, "r ro+ !"'% t!e '%te%t'o%o "b"%&o%'% t!e r'!ts r"%te& !'+ %&er t!e )!'l''%e 4&+e%ts, so!t toe%orce t!e+, . . . H ;)"s. 13-1?.=

L" &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" >e se rese%to e% Ne" 7or* !"bl" or s' +'s+".Co%t'e%e &os c"s"s &e "cc'o% e% l" r'+er", el &e+"%&"%te "le" !ec!os >e &'ero%

l"r " >e se &'ct"se %" &ec's'o% e% s "or or los tr'b%"les &e 'l''%"s e% >ese &ecl"r"b" >e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%#er"% b'e%es "%"%c'"les &el &e+"%&"%te # s esos", # %o ro'e&"& ecls'" &e(rs. )er*'%s e% >e se l" or&e%"b" >e r'%&'er" ce%t" &e los b'e%es "%"%c'"les >eest"b"% e% s o&er # >e los e%tre"se "l &e+"%&"%te # >e, e% e &e c+l'r &'c!"se%te%c'", ell" !#o &e 'l''%"s # &eos'to l"s "cc'o%es e% o&er &e l" G"r"%t# rstCo+"%# o Ne6 7or*. Co+o se%&" c"s" &e "cc'o%, el &e+"%&"%te "le" !ec!os>e t'e%&e% " est"blecer >e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'%Co+"%# so% &e s ecls'" ro'e&"& # e&'" lo s''e%te

H!ereore, t!'s l"'%t' &e+"%&s 4&+e%t ""'%st t!e &ee%&"%ts

H1. A&4&'% "%& &ecl"r'% t!e l"'%t' !ere'% to be t!e tre "%& l"6lo6%er o s"'& cert''c"tes %+bere& 1?8?, 1595, 21


15/22

;2?,000= s!"res o Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# stoc* to "%# ot!ererso% ecet to t!e l"'%t' !ere'%.

H3. 'rect'% t!e s"'& &ee%&"%ts, "%& e"c! o t!e+, to &el'er to t!el"'%t' !ere'% t!e s"'& t6e%t#-or t!os"%& ;2?,000= s!"res o Be%etCo%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# stoc*.

H?. Re>'r'% t!e s"'& &ee%&"%ts, "%& e"c! o t!e+, to "cco%t to t!el"'%t' !ere'% "%& to "# oer to s"'& l"'%t' "%# "%& "ll &''&e%&s 6!'c!!"e bee% or +"# be rece'e& b# e't!er o t!e+ o% s"'& t6e%t#-or t!os"%&;2?,000= s!"res o Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# stoc*, "%& or t!ecosts "%& &'sbrse+e%ts o t!'s "ct'o%, toet!er 6't! "%# ot!er "%& rt!er rel'e"s to t!e Cort +"# &ee+ 4st "%& roer.H ;E!'b't A-?, "s. 20-21.=

Co+o se e, el &e+"%&"%te %o '&'o l" e%tre" " el, co+o +"r'&o o"&+'%'str"&or &e los b'e%es "%"%c'"les, &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es %o '&'o >e seco%&e%"se " (rs. )er*'%s # l" G"r"%t# rst Co. " e%tre"rle l"s "cc'o%es e%c+l'+'e%to &e l" se%te%c'" &el r'b%"l &e ("%'l" lo >e '&'o e ;1= >e ese

&ecl"r"&o &e@o le"l &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'%Co+"%# ;2= >e se ro!'b'ese " los &e+"%&"&os " e%tre"rl"s o tr"ser'rl"s "c"l>'er" erso%" ;3= >e l"s +'s+"s "cc'o%es ese% e%tre"&"s " el ;co+o &e@o'%&b't"ble+e%te # %o co+o "&+'%'str"&or= # ;?= >e los &e+"%&"&os r'%&'ese%ce%t" &e los &''&e%&os &e &'c!"s "cc'o%es.

e "cer&o co% l" r'+er" c"s" &e "cc'o% # l" &ec's'o% obte%'&" or el&e+"%&"%te e% ("%'l", el er" sol"+e%te co%&e@o &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es, oro'et"r'o &e l" +'t"& &e l"s +'s+"s, co% &erec!o " oseer to&"s ell"s co+o"&+'%'str"&or &e los b'e%es "%"%c'"les. C"%&o '&'o e% s &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" >eese &ecl"r"&o &e@o &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es, "b"%&o%o %eces"r'"+e%te l" se%te%c'"

>e &ecl"r"b" >e &'c!"s "cc'o%es er"% b'e%es "%"%c'"les "l e&'r >e ese&ecl"r"&o &e@o le"l &e l"s "cc'o%es, "br'o &e %eo el le'to sobre l" ro'e&"& &e&'c!"s "cc'o%es, co%s'&er"%&o '%t'l # &e %'%% "lor l" &ec's'o% &e los tr'b%"les &e("%'l". De el "b"%&o%o &'c!" &ec's'o% es e'&e%te el '&'o >e ese &ecl"r"&o&e@o &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es, e% e &e e&'r >e se or&e%"se or el r'b%"l &eNe" 7or* el c+l'+'e%to # e4ecc'o% &e l" se%te%c'" >e el !"b'" obte%'&o e%'l''%"s. El +'s+o, co% s &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" ssc't"%&o &e %eo l" ro'e&"& &el"s "cc'o%es, &es!'o &'c!" &ec's'o%, '+l'c't"+e%te '&'o s reoc"c'o% "r" >e&'ese obte%er &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* %" &ec's'o% &ecl"r"%&ole &e@o le"l &el"s "cc'o%es. O est"s "cc'o%es so% "%"%c'"les, o so% &e l" ecls'" ro'e&"& &el

&e+"%&"%te %o e&e% ser "%"%c'"les #, "l +'s+o t'e+o, &e l" ro'e&"& ecls'"&el &e+"%&"%te. S' so% "%"%c'"les, %o e&e% ser &el &e+"%&"%te, # s' so% &e secls'" ro'e&"&, e%to%ces rec!""b", o or lo +e%os %e"b" l" "l'&e &e l"&ec's'o% &e los tr'b%"les &e 'l''%"s soste%'" e%to%ces >e el er" el %'co &e@o &el"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es. S' el ob4eto &el &e+"%&"%te "l "c&'r " los tr'b%"les &e Ne"7or* er" sol"+e%te co%se'r l" oses'o% &e l"s "cc'o%es, Ht!e o6%ers!' o 6!'c!!"& "lre" bee% &eter+'%e& b# s"'& 4&+e%tH ;&e 'l''%"s=, or >e %o lo '&'o "s'


16/22

e% s &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" e% e &e e&'r >e se" &ecl"r"&o &e@o &e l"s +'s+"s S'e% s &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" e% Ne" 7or* %o !b'er" el &e+"%&"%te e&'&o +"s >eel c+l'+'e%to &e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e ("%'l", s'% ssc't"r &e %eo l"cest'o% &e l" ro'e&"& &e l"s "cc'o%es # el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* !b'ese &'ct"&o%" &ec's'o% co%tr"r'" " l" &el r'b%"l &e 'l''%"s, este r'b%"l rob"ble+e%te %o

t'tbe"r'" e% %o !o%r"r es" %e" &ec's'o% # !"r'" c+l'r l" r'+er". 7 s' l" Sr". &e)er*'%s, " es"l&"s &e s +"r'&o, recl"+"%&o l" ro'e&"& &e l"s "cc'o%es e% Ne"7or*, !b'er" obte%'&o se%te%c'" " s "or, este r'b%"l '%&&"ble+e%te %o te%&r'"%'%% re"ro e% '%or"r t"l &ec's'o% #, " et'c'o% &e "rte, !"r'" c+l'r l" &ec's'o%&'ct"&" or el r'b%"l &e 'l''%"s.

Be%o es !"cer co%st"r >e l" &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&" %o e 'r+"&" or el&e+"%&"%te %' or ss "bo"&os e% 'l''%"s, s'%o or ss "bo"&os e% A+er'c", Sres.)l"tt, "#lor P "l*er, ero l" "ct"c'o% &e estos le obl'".

Se '%oc" %" &ec's'o% &e este r'b%"l >e, e% "rte, &'ce "s'

H. . . Cree+os >e este r'b%"l %o &ebe !"cer c+l'r % &ecreto&'ct"&o or % tr'b%"l etr"%4ero, >e co%tr"'e%e %estr"s le#es # los s"%osr'%c''os &e +or"l'&"& >e '%or+"% %estr" estrctr" soc'"l sobre rel"c'o%es"+'l'"res.

HL"s se%te%c'"s &e tr'b%"les etr"%4eros %o e&e% o%erse e% 'or e%'l''%"s s' so% co%tr"r'"s " l"s le#es, cost+bres # or&e% bl'co. S' &'c!"s&ec's'o%es, or l" s'+le teor'" &e rec'roc'&"&, cortes'" 4&'c'"l # rb"%'&"&'%ter%"c'o%"l so% b"se s'c'e%te "r" >e %estros tr'b%"les &ec'&"% " te%or &el"s +'s+"s, e%to%ces %estros 4"&os est"r'"% e% l" obre tes'tr" &e te%er >e

&'ct"r se%te%c'"s co%tr"r'"s " %estr"s le#es, cost+bres # or&e% bl'co. Estoes "bsr&o.H ;Derb'% contraDerb'%, ?< O. G"., ;S. 12, 315.=.

)or est" &octr'%" el &e+"%&"%te sost'e%e >e l" &ec's'o% &e Ne" 7or* %o&ebe ser reco%oc'&" e% 'l''%"s.

K"# co%s'o% e% c"%to " l" se+e4"%" &e l"s &os c"s"s. E% el "s%to &eDerb'% ocrr'ero% los s''e%tes !ec!os S'lestre Derb'%, 'l''%o, # ("r"retDerb'%, "+er'c"%", se c"s"ro% e% A+er'c" # t'ero% %" !'4" ll"+"&" Derb'%"or>e l" esos" co+et'o "&lter'o, el +"r'&o '&'o &'orc'o se le "&4&'co el &ecretocorreso%&'e%te, e%co+e%&"%&ole l" csto&'" &e l" +e%or. )oster'or+e%te l" esos"se c"so co% el !o+bre co% >'e% !"b'" co+et'&o "&lter'o, t'ero% %" !'4" #

&eses "co'ero% " %" co+o rote'&", # "le"%&o >e te%'" b"st"%tes recrsos "r"+"%te%er " l" !'4" le"l # " l" rote'&", l" esos" '&'o l" csto&'" &e s !'4"Derb'%" c"%&o Derb'% # s !'4" #" %o est"b"% e% Los A%eles or>e #" !"b'"%e%'&o " 'l''%"s el r'b%"l Sre+o &e Los A%eles, C"l'or%'", se l" co%ce&'o,or&e%"%&o "l "&re >e "se %" e%s'o% +e%s"l &e M30 " Derb'%". L" esos"rese%to e% I'"%, /locos Sr, % recrso &e habeas corpus'&'e%&o l" csto&'" &e l"+e%or, %&"%&o s recl"+"c'o% e% el se%&o &ecreto &el r'b%"l &e C"l'or%'" e%


17/22

>e se le !"b'" co%ce&'&o l" csto&'" &e l" +e%or. Este r'b%"l %o reco%c'o el&ecreto or>e er" co%tr"r'o " l" +or"l # " l" le# or>e Hl" +e%or est"r'" b"4o elc'&"&o &e s +"&re >e e &ecl"r"&" 4&'c'"l+e%te cl"ble &e '%'&el'&"&co%#"l ''r'" b"4o % tec!o 4%t"+e%te co% el !o+bre >e &es!o%ro " s +"&re #oe%&'o " s "&re.H

L" csto&'" &e !'4os +e%ores e% 'l''%"s se e%co+'e%&" "l co%#e '%oce%teor est" r"o%, este r'b%"l, "l &ec'&'r el recrso &e habeas corpus e% "el"c'o%,&es"te%&'o el &ecreto &el r'b%"l &e C"l'or%'".

E% el c"so rese%te, l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* %o !" s'&oobte%'&" or l" Sr". &e )er*'%s " es"l&"s &el &e+"%&"%te "l co%tr"r'o, es" &ec's'o%e &'ct"&" e% 'rt& &e l" &e+"%&" e%t"bl"&" or el Sr. )er*'%s el e el "ctor, el'%'c'"&or &e l" c"s" e% >e se &'sct'o or se%&" e l" ro'e&"& &e l"s 2?,000"cc'o%es #, "b"%&o%"%&o l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e ("%'l", '&'o >e &'c!"s"cc'o%es ese% &ecl"r"&"s &e s ecls'" ro'e&"&. eses &e %" 'st" e% >e l"s

"rtes !"b'"% te%'&o "+l'" oort%'&"& &e ser o'&"s, se &'cto se%te%c'" &ecl"r"%&o "l" Sr". &e )er*'%s &e@" &e l"s "cc'o%es. Est" se%te%c'" es '%"l e%tre los &os. El&e+"%&"%te %o t'e%e &erec!o " '+%"r &'c!" &ec's'o% &'ct"&" e% % "s%to '%'c'"&oor el "%te el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* e% >e ellos, &e+"%&"%te # &e+"%&"&", so%c'&"&"%os. Es '%"l'c"ble l" &octr'%" &e Derb'% co%tr" Derb'% e% l" rese%tec"s".

So%'e%&o >e el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* !b'er" &ec'&'&o >e l"s 2?,0000"cc'o%es er"% &e l" ecls'" ro'e&"& &el &e+"%&"%te, # l" Sr". &e )er*'%s !b'er"e%'&o " 'l''%"s "r" e&'r 4&'c'"l+e%te l" "rt'c'o% &e &'c!"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es >eso% b'e%es "%"%c'"les, se !"br'" "ll"%"&o el &e+"%&"%te " t"l &e+"%&" &e "rt'c'o%

/%&&"ble+e%te >e %o el !"br'" "le"&o co+o &ee%s" &e res judicata l" &ec's'o%&el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* e% >e se le &ecl"r"b" &e@o ecls'o &e l"s 2?,000"cc'o%es !"br'" "le"&o >e el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* te%'" 4r's&'cc'o% sobre l"cos" l't''os" %o !"br'" er+'t'&o >e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e ("%'l" esereco%oc'&". )rec's"+e%te '&'o >e ese &ecl"r"&o &e@o &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%esor>e %o est"b" co%or+e e% >e &'c!"s "cc'o%es ese% sol"+e%te "%"%c'"les s'%teres e%to%ces er" obte%er %" se%te%c'" '%co+"t'ble co% l" &el r'b%"l &e'l''%"s. 7 "!or" >e l" &ec's'o% %o "orece "l &e+"%&"%te ero s' " l" Sr". &e)er*'%s, or >e es" &ec's'o% %o co%st't#e res adjudicata # t'e%e >e ser %l", or>e el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* %o t'e%e 4r's&'cc'o% sobre l" +"ter'" l't''os", # or>e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* %o &ebe te%er %'%% "lor e% 'l''%"s)"r" el &e+"%&"%te el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* 'e%e 4r's&'cc'o% s' l" se%te%c'" le es"or"ble, ero %o s' le es co%tr"r'". Es '%co%s'ste%te l" teor'" &el &e+"%&"%te #, or'%co%s'ste%te, '%soste%'ble.

HO%e 6!o sb4ects !'+sel to t!e 4r's&'ct'o% o " cort, ee% 6!ere !e6ol& %ot ot!er6'se be sb4ect to s't, beco+es sb4ect to "%# "l'& cl"'+"sserte& ""'%st !'+ &'rectl# rel"t'% to t!e sb4ect +"tter o !'s ol%t"r'l#'%'t'"te& rocee&'%.H ;Kose# s. Ko"'r, 180 . 2& 8?.=


18/22

H/t &oes %ot l'e '% t!e +ot! o o%e 6!o !"s "'r+e& t!e 4r's&'ct'o% o "cort '% " "rt'cl"r +"tter, to "cco+l's! " rose, to "ter6"r& &e%# sc!4r's&'ct'o% to esc"e " e%"lt#.H ;L'ttleto% s. Bress, 1 L.R.A. [N.S.] ?9, 1#o. 58, 91 )"c. 832.=

Ho er+'t o%e to '%o*e t!e eerc'se o " 4r's&'ct'o% 6't!'% t!e e%er"l

o6ers o " cort "%& t!e% to reerse 'ts or&ers o% t!e ro%& t!"t 't !"& %o4r's&'ct'o% 6ol& be to "llo6 o%e to tr'le 6't! t!e corts. !e r'%c'le 's o%eo estoel '% t!e '%terest o " so%& "&+'%'str"t'o% o t!e l"6s . . . closes t!e+ot! o t!e co+l"'%"%t.H ;Se%ce et . s. St"te N"t. B"%* o El )"so et "l.,5 S.. ;2&=, e ("%res" &'ce >e HE% c"%to " l"sse%te%c'"s etr"%4er"s, &e +"#or '+ort"%c'" c"&" &'", &eber" "te%&erse " l"s rel"s>e sobre s e4ecc'o%, co% l" c"l se rel"c'o%" s 'r+e", co%t'e%e l" le# )roces"l,

&'st'%'e%&o se% los "r'os c"sos >e est" rel", # %o "tr'b#e%&o eecto &e cos"4"&" " l" se%te%c'" +'e%tr"s %o se !"#" "tor'"&o s e4ecc'o%.H ;8 ("%res", 531.=

L" le# &e e%4'c'"+'e%to c''l es"@ol" %o est" e% 'or e% 'l''%"s. E% sl"r est" l" Rel" 39, "rt'clo ??, >e &'so%e lo s''e%te

HEl eecto &e %" se%te%c'" or&e% '%"les &'ct"&"s or % tr'b%"l o4e &e 'l''%"s o &e los Est"&os %'&os, o &e c"l>'er est"&o o terr'tor'o &elos Est"&os %'&os, >e te%" 4r's&'cc'o% "r" &'ct"r &'c!" se%te%c'" or&e%,e&e% ser el s''e%te . . . ;b= E% los &e+"s c"sos, la sentencia asi dictada es,respecto de la materia sobre la cual recayo, concluyente entre las partes y sus

derechohabientes por titulo subsiguiente al comienzo de la accion o actuacion

especial, ue litiguen sobre la misma cosa, bajo el mismo titulo y en la mismacapacidad.!

7 el "rt'clo ?8 ;"= >e tr"t" &el eecto &e l"s se%te%c'"s &'ct"&"s e% el etr"%4ero,&'ce

HS' l" se%te%c'" ere sobre %" cos" &eter+'%"&", ser" co%cl#e%te e%c"%to "l t'tlo &e l" +'s+"H

No es rec'so, se% estos "rt'clos, >e "r" >e l" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&",co%s'ste%te e% %" &ec's'o% etr"%4er", e&" oo%erse co% e'to e% 'l''%"s, !"#"+e&'"&o % 4'c'o "&+'t'e%&o &'c!" &ec's'o%.

No &ebe co%%&'rse l" e4ecc'o% &e %" se%te%c'" etr"%4er" co% l" ecec'o%&e res judicata. E'ste &'ere%c'" e%tre e&'r e% 'l''%"s el c+l'+'e%to &e %"&ec's'o% etr"%4er" ;e%orce+e%t o ore'% 4&+e%t= # rese%t"r l" &ee%s" &e resjudicata. Or&e%er el c+l'+'e%to &e %" se%te%c'" etr"%4er" '+l'c" "cto &'recto &esober"%'" reco%ocer l" ecec'o% &e cos" 4"&" sol"+e%te '%ter'e%e el se%t'&o &e4st'c'" &e "!' >e el "rt'clo ??, &e l" Rel" 39, %o &'so%e >e !"#" +e&'"&o


19/22

"ct"c'o% esec'"l "r" >e l" ecec'o% &e res 4&'c"t" ese "cet"&" co+o se e'ee% el "rt'clo ?e "r" >e see&" e&'r c+l'+'e%to &e %" &ec's'o% etr"%4er" e% 'l''%"s, &eber" rese%t"rse%" "cc'o% %&"&" e% ell".

E% /t"l'" HO "ll t!e ore'% co%tr'es e%orc'% ore'% 4&+e%ts "s sc!,/t"l# !"s !"& t!e &'st'%ct'o% or +"%# #e"rs o !"'% "&ote& t!e +ost l'ber"l ol'c#.Accor&'% to t!'s s#ste+ t!estatus o t!e ore'% 4&+e%t 's 'e& o%ce or "ll. !ere'e6 o t!e 4&+e%t rel"tes o%l# to cert"'% o'%ts 6!'c! !"e %o reere%ce to t!ecorrect%ess o t!e &ec's'o%. Beore t!e ore'% 4&+e%t 's e%orce& " rel'+'%"r#rocee&'% t"*es l"ce ;G'&''o &' &el'b"'o%e= 6!ose ob4ect 't 's to "scert"'%6!et!er t!e 4&+e%t 6"s re%&ere& b# " cort o co+ete%t 4r's&'ct'o%, 6!et!er t!e&ee%&"%t !"& &e %ot'ce o t!e or''%"l rocee&'%, 6!et!er !e "e"re& or 6"s &l#&e"lte&, "%& 6!et!er t!e e%orce+e%t o t!e ore'% 4&+e%t 6ol& be co%tr"r# tot!e bl'c ol'c# o /t"l#. / t!e 4&+e%t s"t's'es t!ese re>'re+e%ts, t!e 4st'ce or

'%4st'ce o t!e l"'%t's cl"'+ 6'll %ot be re'e6e&. !e "boe s#ste+ 's &er'e&ro+ t!e r'%c'le o t!e e>"l't# o "ll st"tes, "%& rests o% t!e %&"+e%t"l"ss+t'o% t!"t t!e 4&+e%ts o ot!er st"tes "re e%t'tle&to ll trst "%& co%'&e%ce.As '% t!e c"se o &o+est'c 4&+e%ts, " ore'% 4&+e%t so "r "s 'ts +er'ts "reco%cer%e&, '+orts "bsolte er't# "% 'rrebtt"ble res+t'o% be'% cre"te& '%"or o 'ts "'r%ess "%& '%!ere%t '%4st'ce.H

E% r"%c'" H%&er t!e or&'%"%ce o 129 t!e re%c! corts 6ol& e%orceore'% 4&+e%ts obt"'%e& b# re%c!+e% 6't!ot " re'e6 o t!e +er'ts. No eect6ol& be 'e%, !o6eer, to ore'% 4&+e%ts ""'%st " re%c!+"%. As ""'%st t!e+" %e6 s't 6ol& !"e to be bro!t o% t!e or''%"l c"se o "ct'o%. Accor&'% to

("le'lle t!e l"6 6"s %ot c!"%e& b# t!e Co&e N"oleo%, bt t!'s 'e6 's %o6e%er"ll# "b"%&o%e&. !e s#ste+ "ct"ll# re"'l'% 's o%e 6!'c! re'e6s t!e +er'tso t!e c"se ;re's'o% " o%&=. /t &oes %ot co%te%t 'tsel 6't! '%>'r'% '%to t!e4r's&'ct'o% o t!e ore'% cort, t!e rel"r't# o t!e ser'ce o t!e s++o%s,"e"r"%ce or &e"lt, "%& t!e bl'c ol'c# o t!e st"te '% 6!'c! t!e rocee&'% ort!e e%orce+e%t o t!e ore'% 4&+e%t 's bro!t bt e"+'%es t!e +er'ts o t!e&ec's'o% 'tsel. !e re%c! &octr'%e rests o% "% "ss+t'o% &'"+etr'c"ll# oose&to t!"t %&erl#'% t!e /t"l'"% s#ste+, "%& e+!"s'es t!e "ct t!"t 6!'le t!e &'ere%t


20/22

st"tes o t!e c''l'e& 6orl& "re '% t!eor# e>"l "%& e%t'tle& to t!e s"+e resect, t!e'rcorts &o %ot "ct"ll# '%s're t!e s"+e &eree o co%'&e%ce '% re"r& to t!e'r&ec's'o%s. /t t"*es %ot'ce o t!e "ct t!"t t!e 4&es o cert"'% co%tr'es "re lessco+ete%t t!"% t!ose o ot!ers "%& "re so+et'+es %ot ree ro+ b'"s ""'%st&ee%&"%ts belo%'% to " ore'% co%tr#. %&er t!ese c'rc+st"%ces 't 's elt to be

t!e &t# o " st"te, beore "llo6'% t!e eect'o% o ore'% 4&+e%ts 6't!'% 'tsterr'tor#, to "scert"'% 6!et!er t!e ore'% 4&+e%t 6"s "'r "%& 4st.H

E% /%l"terr" H!e E%l's! l"6 b# re>'r'% " s't o% t!e ore'% 4&+e%t&'ers ro+ t!e ot!er ore'% s#ste+s '% t!e +o&e o e%orc'% ore'% 4&+e%ts ort!e "#+e%t o +o%e#. /t &'ers ro+ t!e+ "lso '% t!"t 't re"r&s ore'% 4&+e%ts "se%orce"ble '% r'%c'le "%& '+oses o% t!e &ee%&"%t t!e br&e% o est"bl's!'%t!e &ee%ses reco%'e& b# l"6. As re"r&s t!e co%cls'e eect o ore'% 4&+e%tst!e E%l's! l"6 st"%&s bet6ee% t!e re%c! "%& /t"l'"% s#ste+s. Or''%"ll# ore'%4&+e%ts 6ere re"r&e& "s be'% o%l# r'+" "c'e e'&e%ce o t!e 4st'ce ol"'%t's cl"'+, bt s'%ce t!e c"se o Go&"r& s. Gr"# t!e# "re or&'%"r'l# co%cls'e.

/% t!'s resect t!e E%l's! l"6 !"s "b"%&o%e& t!e 'e6o'%t o t!e re%c! l"6 "%&"ccete& t!"t o /t"l# ;beore t!e &ecree o $l# 30, 1919=. /t &oes %ot o so "r,!o6eer, "s &oes t!e or+er /t"l'"% l"6, or '% ecet'o%"l c"ses 't 6'll tr# t!e +er'tso t!e c"se oer ""'%. !e l"6 "e"rs to be est"bl's!e& '% E%l"%& t!"t ore'%4&+e%ts +"# be '+e"c!e& ' rocre& b# "lse "%& r"&le%t rerese%t"t'o%s "%&test'+o%# o t!e l"'%t', ee% ' t!e s"+e >est'o% o r"& 6"s rese%te& to "%&&ec'&e& b# t!e ore'% cort. Sc! r"& +"# be s!o6% "lt!o! 't c"%%ot be &o%e6't!ot " retr'"l o t!e c"se. !e ob4ect o sc! retr'"l 's %ot, !o6eer, to s!o6 t!"tt!e ore'% cort c"+e to " 6ro% co%cls'o%, bt t!"t 't 6"s r"&le%tl# +'sle& '%toco+'% to " 6ro% co%cls'o%. Corts o e>'t# +"# e%4o'% t!e e%orce+e%t o

4&+e%ts, &o+est'c or ore'%, ' t!e# !"e bee% rocre& t!ro! r"&, "cc'&e%t,+'st"*e or srr'se.H ;29 7"le L"6 $or%"l, 19?-199.=

E% c"%to "l reco%oc'+'e%to &e &ec's'o%es etr"%4er"s co+o res adjudicata,"r'os "tores sost'e%e% >e, s''e%&o l" teor'" &el &erec!o ro+"%o, %" se%te%c'"t'e%e l" %"tr"le" &e % co%tr"to o c"s'co%tr"to # >e l" obl'"c'o% >e e+"%" &e&'c!" se%te%c'" c"%&o se rese%t" co+o &ee%s" &e res judicata, &ebe co%s'&er"rseco+o c"l>'er" otr" obl'"c'o%. HB# sb+'tt'% t!e c"se to t!e ore'% cort, t!e"rt'es "re &ee+e&, "ccor&'% to t!'s 'e6, to !"e +"&e "% '+l'e& "ree+e%t t!"tt!e# 6'll "b'&e b# t!e &ec's'o% o t!e cort. !e obl'"t'o% "r's'% ro+ t!e 4&+e%t's reerre&, t!ereore, to t!e 6'll o t!e "rt'es r"t!er t!"% be'% &er'e& &'rectl# ro+

t!e soere'% o6er o t!e ore'% st"te.H ;29 7"le L"6 $or%"l, 190.=

E% 'l''%"s %o es %eces"r'o teor'"r or>e los "rt'clos ?? # ?8 ;"= &e l"Rel" 39 so% cl"ros %o e'e% >e !"" +e&'"&o "ct"c'o% esec'"l sobre l" &ec's'o%etr"%4er" "r" >e ell" srt" eecto co+o &ee%s" &e cos" 4"&". L" r"o% esse%c'll" %o se '&e l" e4ecc'o% &e l" res adjudicata co+o se '&e el c+l'+'e%to &e%" &ec's'o% etr"%4er" sol"+e%te se rese%t" co%tr" %" "cc'o% co+o &ee%s". A!or"b'e%, s' se '&'ese or l" Sr". &e )er*'%s el "o e% 'l''%"s &e los &''&e%&os &e l"s


21/22

2?,000 "cc'o%es &e l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co., e%to%ces #" %o es s'c'e%tel" s'+le e!'b'c'o% &e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* es '%&'se%s"ble >eell" e%t"ble l" "cc'o% correso%&'e%te e% el 4"&o co+ete%te "r" e&'r %"se%te%c'" %&"&" e% l" &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or*. Ke+os est&'"&o &ete%'&"+e%tel"s &ec's'o%es etr"%4er"s # %"c'o%"les >e t'e%e% rel"c'o% co% l" rese%te c"s", # %o

!e+os e%co%tr"&o %'%%" r"o% or >e l" &ec's'o% &el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* %o&ebe te%er eecto co+o res adjudicata e%tre l"s "rtes l't'"%tes.

S' el &e+"%&"%te !b'er" obte%'&o se%te%c'" " s "or e% s &e+"%&"'&'e%&o >e ese &ecl"r"&o &e@o "bsolto &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es, el !"br'"soste%'&o e% A+er'c", e% 'l''%"s # e% to&"s "rtes >e &'c!" &ec's'o% er" "l'&"ero co+o le e "&ers", "r#e !o# e% l" rese%te c"s" >e &'c!" &ec's'o% es %l"# &e %'%% "lor # >e %o t'e%e eecto &e cos" 4"&". Los l't'"%tes, #" se"%%"tr"les #" etr"%4eros, &ebe% reset"r l"s &ec's'o%es &e los tr'b%"les &e 'l''%"sero s' ot"r"% or "c&'r " % tr'b%"l etr"%4ero, '&'e%&o % re+e&'o '%co+"t'bleco% l" &'sos'c'o% &e l" se%te%c'" obte%'&" e% 'l''%"s # obt'ese% %" &ec's'o%

"&ers", %o se les &eber'" er+'t'r >e re&'"r"% leo l" &el tr'b%"l etr"%4ero #'&'er"% el c+l'+'e%to &e l" &ec's'o% &el tr'b%"l &e 'l''%"s >e ellos !"b'"%"b"%&o%"&o. )er+'t'rles l't'"r &e es" +"%er" es co%tr"r'o "l or&e% e '%teres bl'cose% 'l''%"s or>e ertrb" l" or&e%"&" "&+'%'str"c'o% &e l" le#.

Los errores "tr'b'&os "l r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or* !b'er"% s'&o reseltos or elr'b%"l Sre+o &e los Est"&os %'&os s' el &e+"%&"%te %o !b'ese "b"%&o%"&o s"el"c'o%.

El &e+"%&"%te '&e >e se "l'>e l" s''e%te &octr'%" &e Co*e H!"t 6!ere

t!ere "re t6o co%l'ct'% 4&+e%ts o% " cl"'+ or &e+"%&, t!ere 's "% estoel ""'%st"% estoel 6!'c! settet! t!e +"tter "t l"re. Co&e o% L'ttleto%, 325. !e t6o4&+e%ts %etr"l'e e"c! ot!er "%& bot! "rt'es +"# "ssert t!e'r cl"'+s "%e6.H S'%&ec'&'r s' est" &octr'%" &ebe "&ot"rse o %o e% est" 4r's&'cc'o%, se e&e &ec'r >e l"+'s+" %o es "l'c"ble "l c"so rese%te. L" "rte et'tor'" &e l" &e+"%&" e%+e%&"&"es &el te%or s''e%te

HKEREORE, 't 's resectll# r"#e& t!"t 4&+e%t be e%tere& '%"or o t!e l"'%t' "%& ""'%st t!e &ee%&"%t Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'%Co+"%# or t!e s+ o )


22/22

st"%&'% '% !'s %"+e, to t!e ecls'o% o "ll ot!ers t!"t t!e "&&'t'o%"l&ee%&"%ts /&o%"! Sl"&e )er*'%s "%& Geore K. E%el!"r& be e"c! !el& to !"e%o '%terest or cl"'+ '% t!e sb4ect +"tter o t!e co%troers# bet6ee% l"'%t'"%& &ee%&"%t, Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%#, or '% or %&er t!e4&+e%t to be re%&ere& !ere'% "%& t!"t b# t!e s"'& 4&+e%t t!e#, "%& e"c! o

t!e+, be ecl&e& t!erero+ "%& t!"t t!e l"'%t' be "6"r&e& t!e costs o t!'ss't "%& e%er"l rel'e.H

El &e+"%&"%te %o '&e ser &ecl"r"&o &e@o &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es solo '&e el"o or l" Be%et Co%sol'&"te& ('%'% Co+"%# &e los &''&e%&os e%c'&os # %o""&os # los &''&e%&os >e "#"% e%c'e%&o, # %o eres" e% >e co%ceto !" &erec'b'r los &''&e%&os s' co+o "&+'%'str"&or &e los b'e%es "%"%c'"les o co+o &e@o"bsolto. Los &''&e%&os so% "ccesor'os &e l"s "cc'o%es, co+o el '%teres s'e "lc"'t"l. El &e@o &e l"s "cc'o%es es el &e@o &e los &''&e%&os # es el >e &eberec'b'rlos, " +e%os >e &'so%" otr" cos". Co+o l" ro'e&"& &e l"s 2?,000 "cc'o%es!" s'&o &eb'&"+e%te &ec'&'&" #" or el r'b%"l &e Ne" 7or*, " '%st"%c'"

rec's"+e%te &el &e+"%&"%te, ss &''&e%&os &ebe% ser ""&os " l" &e@" &ecl"r"&".Los &''&e%&os e%c'&os &e &'c!"s "cc'o%es, >e "sc'e%&e% " )1,019,2?5.92, #"!"b'"% s'&o s"t'sec!os, or e4ecc'o%, e% C"l'or%'", # %o or "cto ol%t"r'o &e l"&e+"%&"&". Los +'s+os &''&e%&os %o &ebe% ""rse " otr" reso%", esec'"l+e%te"l &e+"%&"%te >e e e%c'&o e% l" cest'o% sobre l" ro'e&"&. El sobrese'+'e%to&e l" &e+"%&" est" b'e% %&"&o.

Paras, Pres", #engzon, Padilla, Jugo, #autista $ngelo, %abrador#&oncepcion,MM", co%or+es.

Q 2012 C ec!%olo'es As'", /%c. Cl'c* !ereor or 'scl"'+er "%& Co#r'!t Not'ce
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1. perkins vs. benguet consolidated 1953

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