1 ncm-230 3046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, cisco systems, inc. all rights reserved. how would you prepare...
TRANSCRIPT
1NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
How would you prepare for the technology
you need
222NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• IPv6 Integration and co-existence
Dual Stack
Tunnel
IPv6-only to IPv4-only
333NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
A need for IPv6?
• IETF IPv6 WorkGroup began in early 90s, to solve addressing growth issues, but
CIDR, NAT,… were developed
• IPv4 32 bits address = 4 billion hosts
~40% of the IPv4 address space is still unused
BUT
• IP is everywhere
Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality
Regional Registries apply a strict allocation control
Addressing scheme is not optimum as for any
444NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Explosion of New Internet Appliances
555NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Coming Back to an End-to-End Architecture
GlobalAddressing
Realm
New Technologies/Applications for Home Users‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Ethernet@home, Wireless,…
New Technologies/Applications for Home Users‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Ethernet@home, Wireless,…
• Internet started with End to End connectivity for any applications• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connecting disparate networks•Always-on Devices Need Always-on Devices Need an Address When You an Address When You Call ThemCall Them, eg.- Mobile Phones- Gaming- Residential Voiceover IP gateway
666NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Deployment of the Production IPv6 Internet
In order to build the production IPv6 Internet, IPv6 address space must be available
The 6Bone uses test addresses
Regional registries are giving IPv6 “production” prefixes to ISPs based on a common policy
777NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 Address Registries
As in IPv4, the address space is managed by the regional registries:
Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
Réseaux IP Européens—Network Coordination Center (RIPE-NCC)
Registries are based on geographical location.
888NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 Address Allocation Policy
• The registries have an allocation policy:
It is identical, but prices and management can be different
It was reviewed by IETF and by a public consultation process
Addresses are only given to ISPs, not to enterprises
Address allocation started on July 1999
Policy can change over time
999NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Address Allocation
•The allocation process is:
IANA allocates 2001::/16 to registries
Each registry gets a /23 prefix from IANA
Registry allocates a /35 prefix to a new IPv6 ISP
ISP allocates a /48 prefix to each customer
2001 0410
ISP prefix
Site prefix
LAN prefix
/35 /48 /64
Registry
/23
10NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 Integration and co-existence
111111NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Integration and co-existence
• Integration and co-existence with IPv4 is a prerequisite to enable the smooth transition to IPv6.
• The various strategies such as dual-stack, overlay tunnels and translation techniques.
121212NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Key to successful adoption/production deployment
• Goal—facilitate partial/incremental upgrades
Hosts, servers, DNS, routers
• Two approaches
Hosts
Network
IPv6 Transition Strategy
131313NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Strategies
• For end systems, there is:
Dual stack
• For network Integration, there is:
Tunnels
IPv6-only to IPv4-only
141414NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DriverDriver
IPv4 IPv6IPv4 IPv6
Application
Tcp/UdpTcp/Udp• Hosts—dual stack
(IPv6 API defined)
• Networks—tunneling
More Efficient than Building New IPv6 Topology
IPv6 Transition Strategy—Approaches
DataTransport Layer
Header IPv6 Header
DataTransport Layer
Header IPv6 Header IPv4 Header
151515NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dual Stack
TCP UDP
•Dual stack node means:
Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks enabled
Applications can talk to both
Choice of the IP version is based on name lookup and application preference
IPv4 IPv6
"Old" Application
Data Link (Ethernet)
0x0800 0x86dd
TCP UDP
IPv4 IPv6
"New" Application
Data Link (Ethernet)
0x0800 0x86dd Frame protocol ID
161616NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dual Stack (cont.)
•Without IPv6, an application that:
Is not aware of IPv6
Or is forcing the use of IPv4
Asks the DNS for IPv4 address
And connects to the IPv4 address
DNS server
IPv4
IPv6
www.a.com = A ?
10.1.1.110.1.1.1
171717NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
•In an IPv6-only case, an application that:
Is only IPv6-enabled or IPv6 is the only stack
Or is forcing the use of IPv6
Asks the DNS for IPv6 address
Connects to the IPv6 address
3ffe:b00::1DNS
server
IPv4
IPv6
www.a.com = A6 ?
3ffe:b00::1
Dual Stack (cont.)
181818NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
3ffe:b00::110.1.1.1
•In a dual stack case, an application that:
Is IPv4 and IPv6-enabled
Asks the DNS for all types of addresses
Chooses one address and, for example, connects to the IPv6 address
DNS server
IPv4
IPv6
www.a.com = * ?
3ffe:b00::1
Dual Stack (cont.)
191919NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Configured tunnels—manual point-2-point links
• Automatic tunnels—via IPv4 compatible IPv6 addresses
(96 bits of zeros prefix—0:0:0:0:0:0/96)
IPv6 Tunneling
IPv6 IPv6 IPv6
IPv4 Backbone
IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4
DriverDriver
IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4
DriverDriver
202020NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overlay Tunnels
•Tunneling is encapsulating the IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet.
IPv4IPv6 network
IPv6 network
Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet
IPv6 host
Dual-stack router
IPv4 header IPv6 header IPv6 data
IPv6 header IPv6 data
Dual-stack router
IPv6 host
IPv6 header IPv6 data
212121NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overlay Tunnels (cont.)
• Tunneling can be used by routers and hosts.
IPv4 IPv6 network
Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet
Dual-stack router
IPv4 header IPv6 header IPv6 data
IPv6 host
IPv6 header IPv6 data
Dual-stackhost
222222NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6to4
•6to4:
Is an automatic tunnel method
Gives a prefix to the attached IPv6 network
IPv4IPv6 network
IPv6 network
6to4 router
192.168.99.1Network prefix:2002:c0a8:6301::/48
=
6to4 router
192.168.30.1
=
Network prefix:2002:c0a8:1e01::/48
232323NCM-2303046_05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6to4 (cont.)
IPv6
Type: native IPv6 Dst: 2002:c0a8:1e01::1
Type: IPv6 in IPv4 Dst: 192.168.30.1
IPv4 IPv6
IPv4IPv6 network
IPv6 network
6to4 router 6to4 router
2002:c0a8:1e01::1
192.168.30.1
IPv6