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    CommunicationNetwork

    Referencemodels

    referencemodels,OSIModel,ATMModel,

    .,

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    OSI

    cont. ApplicationLayer:providesameansforsimilaror

    dissimilarapplicationprocessestoexchangeinformation.

    PresentationLayer: presentationofinformationinawaya smean ng u o ene wor ev ces.

    occurringbetweendevicesandtomanagethedataexchange.

    TransportLayer: responsibleforprovidingdatatransfere ween wousersa anagree upon eve o qua y.

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    OSI

    cont. NetworkLayer:responsibleforestablishing,

    maintaining

    and

    terminating

    the

    network

    connection,routingdatafromonenetworkdevice.

    datatransmission.

    Physicallayer: responsibleforthetransmissionofbitstreamsacrossatransmissionchannel.

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    Develo ed b IETF

    TCP/IP protocol suite covers network and transport layers.

    IP address are used for addressing of devices.

    Packet size is variable

    Two versions IPv4 (32 bits) and IPv6 (128 bits) are available

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    technology.

    uses xe s ze pac etsca e ce s

    minimalerror

    and

    flow

    control

    dataratesof25.6Mbpsto622.08Mbps

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    ATM

    Developed by ITU-T

    Combination of best features of circuit switched & acket

    switched networks It uses asynchronous time division multiplexing

    Packet size is fixed (53 Bytes = 5 header +48 payload)

    ATM is a vital part ofB-ISDN, SONET and several

    telecommunication backbone network technolo ies.

    Its a Virtual Circuit switched network (connection oriented)

    (three phases are Set-up connection, transfer data and tear down

    connection)

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    The ATM reference model is com osed of the followin lanes

    which span all layers: ControlThis plane is responsible forgenerating and managing

    .

    UserThis plane is responsible formanaging the transfer of data.

    layer management that manageslayerspecificfunctions,

    suchasthedetectionoffailuresandprotocolproblems

    plane management that coordinatesfunctions

    related

    to

    thecompletesystem.

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    The ATM reference model is composed of three ATM layers:

    h sical la er: mana es the medium-de endent transmission

    ATM Layer:provides cell multiplexing, cell-switching androuting services. To dothis, it uses the VPI and VCI information in the header of each ATM cell.

    ATM adaptation layer: segments the data into 48-byte cell payloads.

    There are five types of ATM Adaptation Layers (AAL)

    AAL1: (CBR) used for voice andvideoconferencing

    AAL2: (VBR) realtimeornonrealtimevoiceorvideo bursty innature

    AAL3 and AAL 4:VBR services, supportsbothconnectionorientedandconnectionlessdata

    AAL5: used for Data services, supports

    both

    connection

    oriented

    and

    connectionlessdata,exampleIPoverATM.

    Which AAL is used in cell is not encoded in the cell, it is negotiated

    between end devices prior to data transmission

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    Com arison b w various reference models

    ReferenceModels OSI TCPIP ATM

    eve ope y

    Layers 7 5 Layers+planes

    NMS CMIP SNMP CMIP

    PacketSize Variable Fixed(48Bytes)


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