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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 1

HUMAN FACTOR IN AIRCRAFT

ACCIDENTS

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 2

WHO WAS RESP0NSIBLE?

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 3

Introduction

1. Up to 80% of acft accidents are attributed tohuman performance commonly referred toas human error.

2. What should be done to reduce human errorin aircraft accidents?

a. Application of HF elements.

b. Training of personnel to understand the HF

concept in aircraft accidents.c. Encourage voluntary non punitive aviation

safety reports.

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 4

WHAT IS HUMAN FACTOR?

Human factor is about people and their living

and working situations and their relationship

with:

a. Machines

b. Procedures.c. Other people

d. Environment

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 5

HUMAN ERROR

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 6

WHAT IS HUMAN ERROR?

An error or mistake resulting from:

1. Failure to apply the correct procedure

0r2. Wrong application of procedure.

An error will identify where in the systembreakdown occurred but it conceals underlying

factors of the incident.

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 7

ERRORS

CAUSES:

1. CARELESSNESS

2. NEGLIGENCE

3. POOR JUDGMENT

4. ATTITUDE

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 8

EARLY CONCERNS IN AVIATION HF 

a. Noise

 b. Vibrations

c. Heatd. Cold

Studies have revealed more concerns such as:

e. Decision making process

f. Design of displays and Flight decks

g. Communication and computer soft-wareh. Maps and charts

i. Working conditions

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 9

TTHE SHEL MODEL can be used to: 

i. Identify problem area

ii. Trace origins of specific

problem

iii. Define appropriate data

collection tasks 

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 10

THE SHELL MODEL CONCEPT

The four Elements. S Software (Procedures, Maps Charts) 

H = Hardware  –  Machines, chairs telephones 

E = Environment –  

L = Live ware – 

 Human 

FOUR MAIN INTERACTIONS (MATCHING) 

a)  LIVE WARE –  HARDWARE – human & machines 

b)  LIVE WARE –  SOFT WARE –  humans & machines –  docs,

procedures 

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 11

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 12

LIVE WARE-HARD WARE:

People and machines. 

The most commonly considered Inter-face.

e.g: Seats, Displays,computers etc

Miss-Match could cause disaster.

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 13

LIVE WARE-SOFT WARE

People and procedures includingdocumentations:

Difficult to observe but common inaccident reports.

Example: Non-compliance with theprocedures

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 14

LIVE WARE- ENVIRONMENT

Relationship between human beingand the working environment:

Natural environment. Example fog,sand storms, humidity, ozone.

 Un- natural e.g: Political andEconomical

 Environment to suit live ware.

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QAC ATC Department

.Slide: 15

LIVE WARE- LIVE WARE:

Relationships between people.

Important considerations 

Team work

Leadershippersonality

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QAC ATC Department.Slide: 16

CHARACTERISTIC S

a) Physical size and shape Age, ethnic gender, etc

b) Physical needs

Food, water, Oxygen

c) Information processing Capabilities and limitations

d) Input characteristics

e)Output characteristics

f) Environmental tolerances

Temperature, pressure daytime,darkness, noise, humidity etc.

L IVE WARE  –THE HUB