1 going to the context
TRANSCRIPT
Bringing you Back to the Context
Question No 1What is Bugging You in the Discussions
Yesterday In Relation to being the “CONVERGER”?
Topic 2: What Are Your Types of APP Convergence Projects
NCI-IEM Governance Frameworks
ES GuiangOctober 2012
The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domains and
Ancestral Lands are:
Controls (policies, rules, and regulations) that are in:
a) Statutory issuances (legal) under the Constitution, laws, orders, PDs, PPs, DAOs, etc; and
b)Customary laws (traditions) of communities
The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domain and
Ancestral Lands are:
Controls that:• Define ENR Responsibility, Accountability, Authority
(RAAs) for ENRM and every hectare of lands of the public domains and ancestral lands; and
• Guide Choices, Decisions, Actions (CDAs) based on Transparent, Accountable, Participatory (TAP) principles in planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and financing land and ENR programs.
Lands of Public Domain
Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands, and national parks. (Constitution. Art. XII, Sec. 3)
ENR assets include the lands of the public domain. Who
owns them? Who is the “State”?
• All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated. (Art. XII, Sec. 2)
Sectoralized Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances
Policy and Regulatory Framework - Land Classification, Allocation, Uses
Protected Areas (National Park
• NIPAS
• Specific PA laws
• Wildlife Act
• International Commitments
• Energy Law• DENR-DAR-NCIP• EO on log ban in
natural forests
Agricultural (A&D)
Mineral LandsTimber or Forestlands
Mining Act
Small Scale Mining Act
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
The Public Land Act
AFMA, Fisheries Code
• Revised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest
Mgt• RA -Forest Charges• Energy reservation• JMCs – DENR & DILG• EO on log ban in natural
forests
DENR, DOE, NCIP
DA, LGUs, NCIP
Ancestral Lands and Domains
Cross Cutting Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances
Policy and Regulatory Framework - Land Classification, Allocation, Uses
Protected Areas (National Park
• NIPAS
• Specific PA laws
• Wildlife Act
• International Commitments
• Energy Law• DENR-DAR-NCIP• EO on log ban in
natural forests
Agricultural (A&D)
Mineral LandsTimber or Forestlands
Mining Act Small Scale
Mining Act
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
The Public Land Act
AFMA, Fisheries Code
• Re vised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest
Mgt• RA -Forest Charges• Energy reservation• JMCs – DENR & DILG• EO on log ban in natural
forests
Cross Cutting Policies - EO 192 of DENR, IPRA Law, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy
Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act
Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances
Policy and Regulatory Framework - Land Classification, Allocation, Uses
Protected Areas (National Park
• NIPAS
• Specific PA laws
• Wildlife Act
• International Commitments
• Energy Law• DENR-DAR-NCIP• EO on log ban in
natural forests
Agricultural (A&D)
Mineral LandsTimber or Forestlands
Mining Act
Small Scale Mining Act
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
The Public Land Act
AFMA, Fisheries Code
• Re vised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest
Mgt• RA -Forest Charges• Energy reservation• JMCs – DENR & DILG• EO on log ban in natural
forests
Local Government Code of 1991
Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances
Policy and Regulatory Framework - Land Classification, Allocation, Uses
Protected Areas (National Park
• NIPAS
• Specific PA laws
• Wildlife Act
• International Commitments
• Energy Law• DENR-DAR-NCIP• EO on log ban in
natural forests
Agricultural (A&D)
Mineral LandsTimber or Forestlands
Mining Act
Small Scale Mining Act
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
The Public Land Act
AFMA, Fisheries Code
• Re vised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest
Mgt• RA -Forest Charges• Energy reservation• JMCs – DENR & DILG• EO on log ban in natural
forests
EO 192 of DENR, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act
In each IEM-NCI Site, the LGUs will have to use the governance framework of DENR, DA, and NCIP with respect to land and ENRM
Allocation and Unallocated lands of public domains and ancestral lands
Allocations of Lands of Public Domain
Governance-Designated Entity with Responsibility, Accountability, and Authority
% of 15+ million ha
1. Protected areas and reservations
DENR and Other Government Agencies (PAs and reservations)
26% (4+ million)
2. Allocations to civil and military reserves
Recipients of reservations (military, state universities, etc.
2%
3. Allocations to LGUs LGUs with co-management agreements, communal forests
Minimal
4 Allocations to community forestry & ancestral domains
Communities with tenure; IPs with CADTs, CADCs, claims
35 % (>5.5 million ha)
5. Allocations to the private sector
Private tenure holders in forest lands
10 % (> 1.5 million ha)
6. Unallocated forestlands (no tenure, open access)
None – (State as the “de-facto”) 19% (> 3 million ha)
7. Unclassified forestlands (and to be allocated)
None – (State as the “de-facto”) 8 % (> 1 million ha)
8. Agricultural lands (A&D) Title holders 14+ ,mil (47%)
Ecosystems Processes, Goods and Services
1. Provisioning - food, fiber, water, medicines, etc2. Regulating – climate extremes, water flow, pests and
diseases, prey/predator population, etc.3. Supporting – the conditions for life that facilitate
other ecosystems processes and services such as nutrient cycles, ecological balance, keeping thresholds levels, triggering evolution, detoxification, pollination, etc.
4. Providing cultural and spiritual benefits for spiritual enrichment, recreation, educational, research, etc.
Ecosystem Goods and Services Are Provided Across the R2R Watershed Landscapes
Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM): Basic Concept and Its Applications in National Convergence Initiatives (NCI)
ES GuiangOctober 2012
First Part: IEM Concept for NCI Areas
1. What is Ecosystems Management2. What are Ecosystems in Ridge to Reef
Watersheds and Landscapes3. Why we need Ecosystems Management4. Why Integration in Ecosystems Management5. What are the Benefits of IEM6. Who gets the Benefits from IEM7. What are the Costs in Doing IEM
Integrated Ecosystems Management in National Convergence Initiatives
(IEM-NCI)
3 BIG WORDS• Ecological systems or Ecosystems• Management• Integrated
An Ecological System or “Ecosystem”
Refers to a localized group of interdependent organisms together with the environment that they inhabit and depend on.
Adapted from Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved; Convention of Biological Diversity (1995).
Ecosystems are:
DOFI
Functional systems – because of complementation, cooperation, coordination, timeliness, predictability, cycles, order, and purpose,
yielding various beneficial ecological processes and services, that are generically called ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES
The units and organisms in the ecosystems are:
DOFI
Interdependent and interconnected of each other through various links -
o ridge to reef landscapes in a watershed, o food chain, o nutrient cycling, o water flowo socio-cultural useso economic activities
Organisms in ECOSYSTEMS are dynamically interacting propelling biodiversity and yielding all
kinds of ecosystem goods and services
Variety and Variability of Ecosystems, Species, and Genes
Functional, Stable, and Managed Ecosystems:
• Are more resilient or less vulnerable from the impacts of external and natural disasters such as erratic weather patterns and human interventions
• Can sustain the supply of economically-valuable ecosystems goods and services to different users
• Can evolve into more productive, diversified, useful, vibrant, and complex ecosystems
A Ridge to Reef Watershed-Dominated Landscapes in the Philippines
Manageable “Units of Ecosystems” in Watershed-Dominated Landscapes
1. Whole watershed like one of the 18 major river basins
2. A sub-watershed, cluster of sub-watersheds, or portion of sub-watershed
3. A delineated area of habitat in key biodiversity area (KBA) or an area within a KBA
4. A declared protected area (NIPAS) or a watershed
5. An ancestral domain (CADT/CADC) area6. An island or group of islands i.e. Camotes Islands7. A political unit coinciding with unique ecosystem
or landscape e.g. Lanao del Sur
The Management of Ecosystems or Ecosystem Management
A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources
By employing conservation and sustainable uses and management practices: That are environmentally, socially, and economically
sound, and That generate and maintain equitable benefits for both
the present and future generations.
Source: CBD, 1995.
Ecosystems ManagementScience-Based – Employs scientific
methodologies that focus on levels of biological organizations, which encompasses essential structures, processes, functions, and interactions among organisms and their environment.
Recognizes humans, with their cultural diversity, as integral component of ecosystems
Source: CBD, 1995.
Ecosystems Management
Common DirectionDefined Tasks and Responsibilities,
Accountabilities, and Authority in Decision Making
Defined Relationships and Institutional Arrangements
Dealing with Unintended Results, Spill Overs, free riders, and “fall outs” - EXTERNALITIES
The IEM-NCI Approach – “Pursuing Common Vision through Individual & Collective
Strategic Actions” Improved land and ENR
management with reduced threats & resolved issues
Increased investments - public and private Sustained ecosystems goods &
services that support local economies
Capacities strengthened Sustainable financing
establishedReduced risks & damages from
CC-related disasters
TASK 1. Aligning and Regulating Proper Land Uses and Investments
Investments towards orderly urbanization, and in fisheries, crops, livestock, industries, ecotourism,
infrastructure, institutional and socio-cultural development, education and other economic
activities
Investments in Conservation, rehabilitation, agroforestry, low
impact ecotourism , high value crops, ENR-friendly infra and services
TASK 2. Strengthening Ecosystems and Communities Resiliency
by Reducing Threats and Promoting Adaptation • Internal dynamics within the
ecosystem itself i.e. competition, death, evolution, responses from disturbances
• Influences or impacts of natural processes – weather, climate, movements of elements, etc.
• Human interventions – all result to either positive or negative effects
TASK 3a. Regulating human disruptions of stable ecosystems to strengthen resiliencies
• Disrupting stable ecosystem functionings has either positive or negative net impacts:
On-site, off-siteUpstream, downstreamNow, Then
• Externality –An ENR use or intervention that results to not just what is “expected or planned for” but also to “unintended outcomes or consequences” which may have “negative or positive’ impacts on the ecosystem
TASK 3b. Regulating interventions that will affect ecosystems’ complexity, dynamism, interactions, sustainability, and
functioning processesIntervention On-Site Off-Site Net
ImpactSome Examples
Any of the following interventions will have ON- and OFF-SITE impacts:• Use of asset
or services• Investment &
ENR-based enterprises
• Restoration• Laws and
regulations• Management
0 0 0 Trekking & climbing
+ + + Perennial -based agro-forestry
0 + + Low impact harvesting
0 - - Spring-based resorts
- 0 - Fuelwood and charcoal
+ 0 + Reforestation
- - - Mining without ECC enforcement, road construction
- + + or - Irrigation with restriction of use rights for communities in poverty-stricken upland areas
+ - + or - CLUP or PA zoning regime
TASK 4. Optimizing the Comparative Advantage of Land and ENR Assets for
Socioeconomic Development Types of benefits from ENR– Cash and
Non-Cash, quantitative & qualitative, direct and indirect
Total ENR benefits – valuation of cash and non-cash benefits40-50% of net total benefits or costs
considered as private (benefits those who uses or manage the ecosystem) (Francisco, 2004) – issue of fees, taxation, or loss
40-50% of total benefits or costs considered as public (common good) (Francisco, 2004) –issue of free riders, penalties, taxation or fees
TASK 5a . Capturing SYNERGIES from Complementation of National
and Local Programs •Synergy from Coordinating and Directing Complementary Efforts :
“the working together of two or more people, organizations, or things that may result in a SUM that is greater than the sum of their individual effects or capabilities” (adapted from Encarta Encyclopedia)
TASK 5b. Capturing SYNERGISTIC RESULTS from Complementation of National and
Local Programs • Synergy from Public and
Private Investments that may:Propel movements towards Higher
Value ChainsGenerate higher farm-gate ProfitsSustain and enhance ENR assets
and their ecosystems servicesReduce risks and damages from
natural disastersDiversify and broaden the base of
ecosystem-dependent local economies
TASK 6. Integrating Multi-Sectoral Governance Frameworks In
Support of Local Socio-Economic Development
Strengthened Governance for Managing Ridge to Reef Watershed-Ecosystems
Through appropriate governance bodies to help:
Determine Non-Negotiables in a defined watershed-ecosystem
Align land uses in the uplands, lowlands, and dowsntream areas
Pinpoint and harmonize RAAs,
Guide individual and collective CDAs to achieve common objectives
Ensure sound ENRM to sustain ecosystem’s support for investments, livelihoods, enterprises, production, industries, urban, and coastal areas,
Help reduce poverty, and
Increase private investments.
TASK 7. Establishing Site-Specific IEM-NCI Good GOVERNANCE
Framework
Icon of Good Governance
Why does the Philippines need Ecosystem Management in its Integrated Form at the Watershed-Ecosystem and LGU
Levels?
A Single Unit of Watershed-ecosystem whose management is under various governance frameworks!
Why does the Philippines need IEM?1. Watershed-Dominated landscapes
with 267 areas degraded2. Need to reduce cost of almost 20
billion pesos spent on natural- and CC-related disasters
3. High economic dependence on supply of ecosystems goods and services
4. More than 60% of population in coastal communities
5. More than 20 million people in the uplands
The Need for IEM6. More than 1.5 million ha of agri
lands depend on watersheds7. Key ENR-based industries
depend on water for energy, irrigation, domestic, and recreation use
8. Increasing pollutants in various water bodies
9. Threatened highly diverse ecosystems and unique landscapes
The Benefits of IEM-NCI
• Sustained supply of ecosystems goods and services that benefit small farmers, fisher folks, private sector, industries, enterprises, etc.
• Reduced costs in rehabilitating and restoring damages from man- and natural-caused disasters
The Benefits of IEM-NCI
• Increased effectiveness, efficiency, and benefits from shared values between the public and private sectors in higher value chains because investments are based on:
Priorities, Strengths and opportunities Competitive advantages, Sustained supply of ecosystem services Participation of small producers, traders, and
processors
The Costs of Adopting IEM-NCI
Assessments, analyses, and developing a common IEM-NCI framework
Vertical and horizontal coordinationCapacity buildingImplementation support for strategic
programsDesign and conduct of M&E systemRefining and re-designing implementation
strategies
The Consequences of Not Adopting IEM-NCI Approach
1. Wastes of public resources because of fragmented and duplicatory programs in a watershed-ecosystem
2. Increasing public costs of ENR enforcement, rehabilitation, and restoration from more disasters
3. Loss of integrity and confidence in the effectiveness of governance system
4. Loss of ENR-sourced revenues in both the public and private sectors
5. Increasing poverty that may result from lower farm level productivity, less CC-resilient HHs, poor governance
6. Increasing loss of ENR assets
But, IEM – ABSTRACT & COMPLEX Concepts-
MUST avoid Two Things
Hence, IEM-NCI must be one of the “CRACKs” of Innovations
where lights can get in
"If you want to sit in the shade of a tree tomorrow, you have to water it today."
- Malian Proverb
Looking into Convergence Programs of Philippine Government
From Pres Cory Aquino to
Pres Noy Aquino
Convergence is the synchronization of the delivery of programs
and resources to priority areas and target groups.
Why?• Problems are multi-
dimensional, therefore, need multi-disciplinary approach.
• Facilitate sustainable development.
• Increase physical capital, create durable assets,
improved land productivity.
• Maximize the use of scarce resources through
complementation of resources and skills.
• Mitigate effect of climate change.
• Increase social capital, collective
planning and implementation.• Strengthen
democratic processes through people empowerment.
• Produce a result greater than all separate efforts (greater impact) the whole is more than the sum of its parts
(G e s t a l t).
• Meaningful collaboration is the best approach for
solving problems in the 21st century.
Efforts to alleviate Poverty especially in the Rural areas
(after the 1987 Constitution)
Kabisig People's Movement
Proclamation No. 650 - June 12, 1990
Pres. Corazon Cojuangco AquinoInstitutionalized Kabisig
Objectives:1. to institutionalize
participatory democracy
2. to use the collective strength of
the people for poverty alleviation
efforts
3. to prevent any attempt in the future in returning the country to a dictatorship
4. to give life to the provisions of the 1987 Constitution that enshrine the
idea of people empowerment. Section 15 & 17,
Article XIII
Kabisig slogan - "MAGTULUNGAN
TAYO" non-partisan, voluntary, multi-
sectoral.Minimum Basic Needs Approach (MBN) - 33
indicators
Social Reform Agenda (SRA)
Republic Act 8425, December 8, 1997
signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, said
program was crafted by the administration
of President Fidel Valdez Ramos.
"It is the policy of the state to adopt an area-
based, sectoral and focused intervention to
poverty alleviation wherein every poor
Filipino families shall be empowered to meet its minimum basic needs of
health, food and nutrition, etc."
Cuts across the different
development agenda of government for economic, social, ecological, and institutional.
Composite Strategies
1. Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) Approach- 33 indicators to ensure their basic needs are
met.
2. Convergence - ensures interface of National Government Agency (NGA), Local
Government Unit (LGU), and civil society in the
management of the programs/projects/activi
ties.
3. Community-based approach
empowering community members
4. Focused targeting - identifies target
beneficiaries
5. Social mobilization - steering various
sector to participate in the different
activities
6. Capability building - equips executives, implementors and
participants with the needed tools and
techniques
7. Enhancing financial
management finding other ways of
sourcing revenue to supplement the internal revenue
allotments
8.Installation of community-based
information systems for
community to access information
Comprehensive and Integrated
Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS)
by Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) as lead Agency (December
29, 1994)
Executive Order No. 443 dated
September 24, 1997 signed by Pres. Fidel
Valdez Ramos institutionalized the Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services
(CIDSS).
• Targets 100 poorest families in the Barangay
using the Minimum Basic Needs (MBN)
Approach Poverty Mapping
• Partner institutions were Department of
Health, Department of Education Culture and Sports (Department of
Education), Department of Labor and Employment,
Department of Interior and Local Government
and the Local Government Unit.
Lingap Para Sa Mahirap ProgramPres. Joseph Ejercito Estrada
Targeted 100 families in every province or city
with clusters of 20 - 25 families
identified from a barangay
• Initially a contradiction to Comprehensive and Integrated
Delivery of Social Services
(CIDSS)
• Target families were not
involved in prioritizing their needs top-down mode of service
delivery
• Lingap offers a package of services to
target beneficiaries through the different NGA's; CIDSS offers a
menu of projects which a CIDSS inter-agency body could
select from community
participation
• Lingap tolerated political
intervention in the selection of
target beneficiaries
Kalahi Program (Kapit-bisig Laban
sa Kahirapan)Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
5 Strategies1. Asset reform -
redistributing land and credit resources to the
poor based on government programs: e.g. Agrarian Reform,
protection of fisherfolks, Indigenous People's
Republic Act (IPRA), etc.
2. Human Development
Services access to basic service like education, health, nutrition, shelter,
water, sanitation and electrification.
3. Employment and livelihood - creating
job opportunities through agriculture and fisheries, apart
from micro-financing of small businesses.
4. Participation in governance of basic
sectors, participation in local government
structures.
5. Social protection and security against
violence - social safety nets, quick
response basic services, e.g. food
and emergency employment, etc.,
long term social security e.g.
Philippine Health.
Strategies of Kalahi1. Convergence
approach as propagated by the Social Reform
Agenda (SRA).2. Sustained the Minimum Basic Needs approach for focused
targeting of beneficiaries.
3. Expanded Social Reform Agenda (SRA) by adding asset reform and
social protection to basic services.
4. Structure - Inter-agency headed by these 4 agencies Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP), Department of Health (DOH), Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG), and
Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD).
5. Patterned after Comprehensive and
Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS)
ARC - Department of Agrarian Reform
(1994)A poverty alleviation mechanism using the
holistic concept through the convergence of
service offers a spatial framework for micro-
regional development.
National Convergence Initiative (NCI)
Joint Memorandum Circular 01, Series of 1999 signed by the secretaries
of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Reform, and the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources duly approved
by the President.
Goal - To develop and operationalize a
common framework for Sustainable Rural
Development (SRD) that will facilitate the
convergence of the resources of the three agencies to maximize
the impact or countryside
development.
Complementation of agency initiative within a
defined area under a common intervention
strategy.A framework of
sustainable agriculture and rural development which integrates the
people, their economy and their environment.
Encourage active participation of the private sector, non-
government agencies, civil society
organizations the LGU's, academe and other government
agencies according to their interests.
2004 Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 01, Series of 2004
Reactivation of the NCI under new secretaries.
Specific pilot convergence zones were chosen.
2005 National Steering Committee
of National Convergence
Initiative (NCI) decided to expand
the scope of the NCI to nationwide
implementation.
Goal 1 MT PDP (2005 - 2010)
to develop 2 million hectares of new lands for agribusiness and
generate 2 million jobs strategies:
• sharing of expertise and information
• collaboration and complementation of
projects• realigning limited
resources • reconfiguring agency
activities to more focused interventions in identified project areas
PDP (2011 - 2016)Enhanced National
Convergence Initiative (ENCI)President Benigno
Simeon C. Aquino, III
•sustain the agribusiness investment
engagement that have been initiated
•address the weaknesses and gaps that were
experienced in the past
•lay-out clear mechanisms for
harmonization and complementation
among the 3 agencies
•address the conflicting and
overlapping policies among the 3
agencies which hamper the
implementation of programs and projects on the
ground
• clear financing scheme for
convergence initiative
• a more pro-active role for the Local
Government Units in identifying and implementing
convergence initiative at the local level
Implementation Principles of the
Convergence Strategy
1. The Department of Agriculture (DA),
Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence
initiative shall be treated as a complementation
strategy.
2. Emphasis on the primacy of the Local
Government Unit.
3. Adoption of the participatory approach
from planning, implementation and
monitoring and evaluation.
4. Complementation of resources and expertise
of the concerned agencies and Local Government Units.
5. Convergence shall be mainstreamed in all
programs, projects, and activities of the national agencies and concerned Local Government Units.
6. Funds for the Convergence Initiative shall form part of the
work and Financial Plan of each Department,
government unit involved.
7. Networking and linkaging with other government entities.
8. Enabling environment to encourage investment by the private sector.
House Bill 5582Reps Wilfredo Mark M. Enverga, et al
An Act Institutionalizing the Convergence Strategy for
Sustainable Rural Development, Providing the Supplementing Mechanisms,
therefore, and for other purposes same as the
Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (NCI).
Republic Act 7160 of 1991
Sec. 106, 107, and 108; Title Six defines the participation of non-
government organizations in the Local Development
Council.
Primacy of the Local Government Units in
national Development Efforts
– Legal Basis
Legal Bases for the participation of NGO’S and PO’s
Chapter 3, Article 1 of RA 7160
Intergovernmental Relations
Article One
National Governmental and Local Government
Units
Section 25b National agencies and
offices with project implementation functions shall coordinate with one another and with the local
government units concerned in the discharge of these
functions. They shall ensure the participation of local government units both in
the planning and implementation of said
national projects.
It shall be the duty of every national agency or government
owned or controlled corporation authorizing or involved in the planning,
implementation of any project that may cause pollution,
climatic change…to consult with the local government units, non-governmental
organizations and other sectors concerned the goals and
objectives of the project or program …
Rural Development/count
ryside Development
Pres. Benigno C. Aquino, IIIStrategy for Poverty
Reduction
(NEDA 2004)
48.8 % in the rural areas are poor
18.6 % in the urban areas are
poor
Philippine Daily Inquirer - July 15, 1998, pp. 1-20Latest data of NSO on
poverty
Richest 10 % of Filipino families - is the only sector that increased its share of the total income.
Long term Goals of Rural Development
1. Poverty reduction and sustainable rural development (SRD)
2. Equitable access to resources and increase
in rural incomes
What are theKey Words
Watershed and ecosystem management
approach the holistic, collaborative, multiple
use and sustainable management of all resources within an ecosystem area. the strategy used by the Enhanced National
Convergence Initiative (ENCI).
Ridge-to-reef strategy refers to the development approach to improve the lives of the rural poor by utilizing land from upland and forest areas, in middle and lowland areas, down to
the coastal areas, premised on the principle
that ecosystems are interdependent and that
interventions in one ecosystem affects other
ecosystems.
Upland and forest system refers to the
areas with at least 18 percent slope.
Ecosystem a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-
organism communities and their non-living
environment interacting as a functional unit.
Local Convergence Areas (LCA) based on
the framework defined through its
Comprehensive Areas Development Plan
(CADP) characterized by the presence of key communities with
potentials for connectivity in each
ecosystem.
Secondary growth forest refers to the longest and most
dynamic natural forest ecosystem in the
Philippines. It refers to areas which has been
disturbed in some way, naturally or unnaturally.
Watershed refers to a typographically
delineated area of land from which rainwater can drain as surface
run-off.
Enhanced National Convergence Initiative refers to the national convergence initiative strategy provided for under DA, DAR, DENR, and Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 01, Series of 2010.
Watershed and Ecosystem approach -
the convergence strategy that will be
used by the Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (ENCI). It is
the holistic, collaborative, multiple
use and sustainable management of all resources within a
watershed.
1. Perceived mechanism problems among the past efforts towards rural development using convergence or interface approach.
•Fragmentation of policies - silo
syndrome•Unclear roles of
participating sector•Participating arrangements
•Monitoring and evaluation
•Capability building
•Legal framework
•Sustainability•Policy framework•Fostering Alliance
•Governance
Most significant factors for success of
convergence or interface (Bautista, 1999)
1. Community preparation
2. Community mobilization
3. Commitment of the local executive
Problems and Issues (Bautista, 1999)
1. Convergence problem - problems
of coordination (compliance only
without real appreciation)
2. Community-based approach - community
organization was done only in specific
areas3. Focused Targeting -
MBN approach to target beneficiaries was used only in specific areas
4. Community-based Information System -
lack of competence by service workers to
analyze and interpret MBN results
5. Social Mobilization6. Financial support
2. How can these mechanisms be
enhanced or strengthened for
effective and efficient national
convergence initiatives for rural
development?