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Commerc ial Supp ress ion Group

The Agent

Total Flooding Extinguishing System

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January 7, 20142

Burkhard KrafftTechnical Services Manager EMEA

FM-200

Introduction Components

Install./Maint.Design

Exam

This Training

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January 7, 20143

Burkhard KrafftTechnical Services Manager EMEA

FM-200

Introduction Components

Install./Maint.Design

Exam

This Training

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January 7, 20144

Basics

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January 7, 20145

Fire Classification

All agents we will discuss later in detail are effective on class A (E), B and C fires.

American European/Australiasian Fuel/Heat sourceClass A Class A Ordinary combustibles

Class BClass B Flammable liquids

Class C Flammable gases

Class C Class E * Electrical equipmentClass D Class D Combustible metals

Class K Class F Cooking oil or fat

*Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with the

introduction of an electrical appliance, wiring, or other electrically energizedobjects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if aconductive agent is used to control the fire

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January 7, 20146

How To Extinguishing A Fire?

The Fire Triangle

The triangle illustrates the basic rule thatin order to ignite and burn, a fire requiresthree elements:

1. heat

2. fuel3. oxidizing agent, usually oxygen.

The fire is prevented or extinguishedby removing any one of them or acombination of them (i.e. heat andoxygen).
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Fire_triangle.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Fire_triangle.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Fire_triangle.svg

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January 7, 20147


The Fire Tetrahedron

The Fire Triangle fails to identify thefourth essential element of fire:the sustaining chemical reaction.

That is why the Fire Triangle has largely

been replaced in the industry by the firetetrahedron, which provides a morecomplete model.Some fire suppression agents do notremove or reduce any of the threenecessary components, but ratherinterfere with their chemical combination,such as Halon, FM-200.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg

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A. Removing the fuel (very unlikely), but if

the fire runs out of fuel, it will stop

B. Removing the heat

Water (fire brigade, sprinklersystems, water mist systems*)

Chemicalagents**(FM-200,Novec1230)

C. Reducing the oxygen level

CO2 systems

Inert gas systems (Inergen, IG-55,

Argon etc.)D. A combination of B. and C.

* Water mist additionally reduces the oxygen level near the flames** Chemical agents also have chemical means
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg

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January 7, 20149

System Comparison

Inert gas systemsReducing the oxygen level in the hazard to < 15% Inergen(52% N2+ 40% Argon + 8% CO2) IG-55 (50% N2+ 50% Argon) Argon (100% Argon) Nitrogen (100% N2)

"Chemical" systemsHeat removal + chemical means

FM-200 Novec 1230 Halon 1301

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January 7, 201410

The agent ...

shall extinguish fires (without damage)

shall be acceptable for the environment

shall be safe for human beings

Important Agent Features

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January 7, 201411

The Answer

A system with the Clean AgentFM-200

First generation Halon 1301replacement

very good extinguishing capability environmentally acceptable

safe for people

safe for equipment

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January 7, 201412

The Answer

FM-200

is also known as ...

HFC 227 ea CF

3-CHF-CF

3

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January 7, 201413

The Answer

FM-200

was the first Halon 1301 replacementto be awarded U.L. listing & F.M. approval

Is globally accepted Tens of thousands of FM-200fire suppression

systems are protecting critical facilities andhigh-value assets around the world

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January 7, 201414

What is FM-200 ?

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... a Clean Agent a replacement for Halon 1301

contains no Bromine or Chlorine (ODP=0)

colorless and odourless

safe for people no electric conductivity

no residues

causes no damage to

electronic equipment

books / papers

paintings / objects of art

What is FM-200?

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January 7, 201416

Physical Properties

Chemical Formula: CF3CHFCF3

Boiling Point @ 1 atm: -16.4 C

Vapour Pressure @ 20C: 3.91 bar (56.7 psi)

Gas Density @ 1 atm, 20C: 7,3 kg/m (1.95 lb/ft)

Liquid Density @ 20C: 1.407 kg/l

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January 7, 201417

How does FM-200 work ?

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The present understanding of thefunctioning of FM-200is that 80%of its fire fighting effectiveness isachieved through heat absorption

and 20%throughdirect chemicalmeans(action of the fluorine radicalon the chain reaction of a flame).

Great Lakes:

"FM-200absorbs heat from theflame zone and interrupts the

chemical chain reaction of the

combustion process."

Mode of Operation

How does FM-200

extinguish a fire ?

No oxygen reduction! FM200GLCC
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg

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January 7, 201419

Mode of Operation

A B C

FM-200

is suitable for

EU: solid+electrical flam. liquid gases

USA: solid flam. liquid+gas electrical

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January 7, 201420

Thermal decomposition

Mode of Operation

A constraint?Dangerous?

The facts

1. All chemical agents decompose at higher temperatures.

2. FM-200 decomposes in excess of 500C.

3. It forms halogen acids (HF)

4. HF will be readily detected by a sharp, pungent odour before

maximum hazardous exposure levels are reached.

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January 7, 201421


Mode of Operation


What to do?

1. Avoiding high temperature levels by using early detectionsystems for rapid system discharge.

2. Avoid applications where permanently hot surfaces>500C are expected.

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January 7, 201422


Mode of Operation


A problem for standard applications (EDP etc.)?

No!

1. Rapid fire suppression with a properly designed detectionand extinguishing system.

2. 6-10 seconds flooding time avoid big heat volumes.

3. Decomposition products from the fire itself (i.e. carbonmonoxide, smoke), create a greater hazard.

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January 7, 201423

Environmental Compatibility

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What is important ?

Environment

Cl or Br + O3

Ozone

Depletion

Atm. Lifetime+ IR Absorbance

Global Warming

"Greenhouse Effect"

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Ozone Depletion

Environment

Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) destroy ozone

when they reach the stratosphere

Result: increase of UV-B radiation

Fluorine (F) has been shown to be benign to O3

(stratosphere)

Compounds containing F as the only halogen are

considered non-ozone depleting

(Ozone Depletion Potential = 0)

FM-200: ODP = 0

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Greenhouse Effect

Environment

Sun

Atmosphere

Earth

Solar radiationpasses through theclear atmosphere

Some solar radiation isreflected by the Earthand the atmosphere

Most radiation is absorbed by theEarth's surface and warms it

Infrared radiation is emittedfrom the Earth's surface

Some of the IR-radiation isabsorbed and re-emitted by thegreenhouse gases. The effect is

to warm the lower atmosphereand the Earth's surface.

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Greenhouse Effect

Environment

the potential of the greenhouse gases (CO2and

others) is a function of

IR absorption (GlobalWarmingPotential) AtmosphericLifeTime

GWPis a reference value; GWP of CO2= 1

FM-200: GWP = 3500, ALT = 33 years

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Reduction of GWP

Environment

Halon 1301 (GWP=6900)

FM-200(GWP=3500)

49% Reduction

PFC-3-1-10 (GWP=9000)Perfluorobutane

61% Reduction

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Agent Comparison

Environment

Halon1301 FM-200 HFC-125 InertGases

ODP 12 0 0 0

GWP* 6900 3500 3400 n.a.

ALT (years) 65 33 29.0 n.a.

* IPCC 2001

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Environment

European-wide approach to containing andreducing fluorinated gas emissions(published Aug. 2006)

EU F-Gas Regulation

Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) means an 0rganic compoundcomprising carbon, hydrogen and fluorine only and with nomore than six carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. FM-200)

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There is no restriction on use or placing on

the market of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation

Note: Fluorinated greenhouse gases will not bepermitted to be deployed in non-refillable containers.This precludes their use as fire extinguishants in anydisposable extinguisher.

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Operators of fire protection systems must use allmeasures which are technically feasible and notdisproportionately costly to prevent leakage of thegases, and must expeditiously take action to

repair any detected leakage.

Environment

EU F-Gas Regulation

As of 4 July 2007, newly installed HFC fire fighting systemscontaining over 300kg of HFCs must be fitted with a leakage

detection device which alerts the operator.Existing systemscontaining over 300kg must be fitted with

such a device by 4 July 2010.

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Environment

EU F-Gas RegulationFluorinated Operators must ensure that systemsare inspected for leakage by certificatedpersonnel according to the following schedules:

At least every 12 months for systems having more than 3 kg gasAt least every 6 months for systems having more than 30 kg gas

At least every 3 months for systems having more than 300 kg gas

Leakage inspection within 1 month after a leak has been repaired.

Where leakage detection systems are installed, the fire protection systeminspection frequency noted above for 30+ kg and 300+ kg systems arehalved.

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Environment

EU F-Gas RegulationOperators must maintain records on quantity

and types of gases in installed systems;

the quantities added and recovered during

maintenance, servicing and disposal; the dates and results of inspections and the

Company and technicians involved.

These records must be made available on request to thecompetent authority and the Commission.

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Environment

EU F-Gas RegulationFor all HFCs that are deployed super-pressurisedwith nitrogen as a propelling agent, an installedleakage detection system can be a pressuremeasuring device (pressure gauge or pressureswitch) fitted to each container:

In the case of a pressure gauge regular (weekly in accordancewith BS ISO 14520) recorded inspections will be required toconfirm status

In the case of a pressure switch, a connected alarm willenunciate this fault condition.

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Human Safety

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Human Safety

Definitions:

NOAEL= No Observed Adverse Effect LevelThe highest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have noharmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.

LOAEL= Lowest Observed Adverse Effect LevelThe lowest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to causeharmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.

Adverse Health EffectA change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease orhealth problems.

LC50LC stands for "Lethal Concentration". Used if the lethal effects frombreathing a compound are to be tested.LC50 isthe concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the testanimals in a given time (usually four hours).

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an issue ?

Human Safety

Oxygen reduction? No

Safety levels? NOAEL = 9.0% *LOAEL > 10.5% **

LC50 (4 hour rat test) >80%

* No Observed Adverse Effect Level** Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

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an issue ?

Human Safety

DesignConcentration

NOAEL Safety Margin

Halon 1301 5% 5% 0%

FM-200 7.2%-8.7% 9% 3% - 25%

HFC-125 8% - 11.5% 7.5% 0%

Inertgases 38% - 40% 43% 7% - 13%

CO2 35% - 50%

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Human Safety

Health Approvals

GERMANY: Hygiene Institute

UNITED STATES: EPA

AUSTRALIA: National Industrial Chemical

Notification & Assessment Scheme

FRANCE: Ministry of Health

UNITED KINGDOM: HAG Report

FM-200 extinguishes is so safe, it has beendesignated as a replacement for CFCs aspropellant in pharmaceutical inhalers

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Typical Applications

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A li ti

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Applications

Data Vaults

A li ti

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Applications

Cell Sites

A li ti

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Applications

Control Rooms

A li ti

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Applications

Air Traffic Control Center

A li ti

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Applications

Hospitals

CT Scan Rooms

MRI Rooms

Mobile MRI and CT

Scan Trailers

Data Center

File Storage

A li ti

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Applications

Satellite Stations

A li ti

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Applications

Archives

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Summary

Wh ?

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Why ?

Why does your customer need

a fire suppression system ?

Wh ?

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January 7, 201452

Why ?

To protect his computers / hardware ?

Not really

Replacing hardware is not so expensive anymoreIn most cases the insurence will pay

Why ?

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January 7, 201453

Why ?

TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !

The result of a fire may be ...

no telecommunication

no manufacturing

no quotations no shipment

no invoices

and ... and ... and

Finally, your customer looses money by not doing

business, he may even loose his customers !

Why ?

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January 7, 201454

Why ?

$17,000/sec

$1,000,000/hr

Clean Room Large EDPFacility

Oil Production

$40,000/hr

40% of businesses that experiencefire stay out of business for good

Costs of NOT doing business

TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !

Why a FM 200 System?

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January 7, 201455

Why a FM-200 System?

FM-200

has a very good extinguishing capability

heat absorption

is environmentally acceptable ODP = 0

GWP = 3500 / ALT = 33 years

is safe for people

design concentr. = 7.2%-8.7%, NOAEL=9

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Thank you for

your attention

1 fm200 agent

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