1. executive summarysavanurtown.mrc.gov.in/sites/savanurtown.mrc.gov.in/...consultancy services for...

Consultancy Services for Preparing DPR on MSWM for Savanur

Prepared for TMC, Savanur

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As per the 2011 census Savanur Town has population of 40,567 and having 7,200

Households.

Present (2016) approximate population and households having 42,636 and 7,584

respectively.

Town is presently generating 15 Tons per day (TPD) MSW and has the collection

efficiency of 85 to 90% (13 TPD) from the all generators.

Designing of Processing facility is considered for next 15 years - 2016 as Base year,

2023 as intermediate year and 2031 as ultimate year.

Aerobic pad is designed for handling 17 TPD of waste. (Next Five Year plan)

Technology proposed for processing of MSW is mechanical aerobic composting

(Mixed waste), baling unit (Plastic and cloths) and scientific landfill (inerts).

Electro-Mechanical Processing Equipment capacity of 8m3/hour is proposed (32

TPD) which is used for Processing of mixed waste as well as segregated waste. Existing Vermi composting pits having processing capacity of 1.5 TPD of Organic

Waste received from Market waste.

Scientific landfill is designed for next 15 years for an area of 4,000 m2, in first phase

we have considered cost and design for development of 1,300 m2 for next 5 years

waste handling.

Total cost estimated for Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing Facility for

Savanur Town is Rs. 3.18 Cr.

SL NO ITEM DESCRIPTION AMOUNT IN LAKHS

I Collection and Transportation 18.37

II Processing & Disposal

A Common Facility

1 Construction of Compound Wall 66.41

2 Construction of internal Roads 21.33

3 Construction of Pipeline from Borewell to Aerobic Composting Pad

0.17



4 Construction of Drain and Kerb 28.55

5 Construction of Deck slab 4.20

6 Construction of Office Building & Toilet 7.99

7 Construction of Monitoring Well 6.59

8 Dry Waste Collection Centre 6.15

9 Construction of Ramp 3.46

10 Wheel washing Facility 1.50

11 Lump sum provision for Land Scape Green belt development

3.00

TOTAL A (Civil Works) 149.35

B Compost Facility

1 Aerobic composting Pad (without Cover) 14.16

2 Pad for Reception Area 3.12

3 Shelter for Reception Area 8.05

TOTAL B (Compost Facility) 25.33

C Landfill Facility

1 Land fill Area 69.95

2 Leachate Tank (Aeration ) 3.09

TOTAL C (Landfill Facility) 73.04

D Movable Equipments and Safety Equipments etc.,

1 Back up DG 3.59 2 Street Lights 2.50

3 PPEs 0.75 4 Fire Safety Equipments 0.46 5 Tools & Tackles 0.84

6 Weigh Bridge 11.75 7 Back Hoe Loader 22.55 TOTAL D (Movable Equipments and Safety

Equipments etc.,) 42.44

TOTAL E (Contingency @ 3%) 9.26

TOTAL F (Miscellaneous and round off) 0.21

GRAND TOTAL (I+A+B+C+D+E+F) 318.00



2. PART A – GENERAL

2.1 HISTORY

Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is no

exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given a low

priority. This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses,

improper choice of technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more

pronounced with uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from

satisfactory, thus creating serious environmental and health problems.

2.2 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM)

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined

residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be

categorised according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction

and demolition or institutional); according to its contents (organic material, glass,

metal, plastic paper etc); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable,

radioactive, infectious etc).

Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on the

environment and human health and supports economic development and improved

quality of life. A number of processes are involved in effectively managing waste

for a municipality. These includes, monitoring, collection, transport, processing,

recycling and disposal.

It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods, varied transportation

equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material, reduction of waste

quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived fuel (RDF), waste-to-energy,

and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill. The selection of a suitable

SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste produced.

2.3 PROBLEMS DUE TO SOLID WASTE

Accumulation of solid waste in open areas or on road sides is aesthetically unpleasing

and detrimental to natural beauty of the city. In the environment, chemicals and other

contaminants found in solid waste can seep into our groundwater and can also be

carried by rainwater to rivers and lakes that provide essential wildlife habitat.

These contaminates can also end up in our ground water, rivers and lakes that are our

sources for drinking water. It is also a source of breeding ground for insects, and other

vectors (rats and mice, wild and domesticated animals). It also causes odor nuisance,

reflects the unorganized nature of the community, and creates a poor environment for



growing children. Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

in open areas and landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human

beings as well as the overall environment.

Open dumps of municipal solid waste (MSW) are responsible for the number of vector

diseases and also release of greenhouse gases. However, using adequate information,

resources, and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful

resource.

2.4 CURRENT STATUS OF SWM IN INDIA

Currently India is seriously struggling to design useful and economical solid waste

management systems. Increase in per capita solid waste generation rate is another

serious threat for the management authorities.

Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large, and for

the local authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The

problem is exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth,

coupled with an economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence,

wastes generation. MSW primarily comprises of 51% of organic fraction, 17% of

recyclables (paper, glass and plastic), 32% of inert material, and less than one percent

glass and metal.

Population explosion

According to Census 2011, India’s urban population is 377 million or 31% of the total

population. These numbers are expected to increase to 600 million by 2031. The Census

2011 also showed that in 4,041 statutory towns, close to eight million households do

not have access to toilets and defecate in the open (7.90 million). Weak sanitation has

significant health costs and untreated sewage from cities is the single biggest source of

water resource pollution in India. This indicates both the scale of the challenge ahead of

the Indian cities and the huge costs that will be incurred from not addressing them.

The Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), viz. municipalities and municipal corporations, are

responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban areas,

due to improper planning, insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies,

lack of public awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state

of poor SWM. And also due to diverse living practices in same town, management

authorities cannot provide uniform solid waste management system, which has resulted

in thriving of many unscientific solid waste management systems in the country.



2.5 INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE SWM IN INDIA

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve

existing SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and recommendations

are discussed below:

HON’BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA RECOMMENDATIONS In recent years, the current SWM system in India has received considerable attention

from the Central and State Governments and local municipalities. The first initiative was

taken by the Honorable Supreme Court of India in 1998, which resulted in the formation

of a Committee to study the current status of SWM in Indian cities.

This Committee identified the deficiencies/gaps in the

existing SWM system in the country and prepared the

“Interim Report on SWM Practices in Class I Cities”.

Class I are cities with a population ranging between one

lakh to ten lakhs (1, 00,000 – 10, 00,000).

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES As a second initiative, the Ministry of Environment

and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published

“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)

Rules 2000” (MSW Rules 2000). These rules were

developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25

of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and aim at

standardization and enforcement of SWM practices

in the urban sector.

They dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the

municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules and

infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation, processing

and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate with State

Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the matters

of MSW disposal and its management and handling”.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is the third notable

initiative undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban

infrastructure development in 63 cities and towns of the country. This mission was

initiated in 2006 and is slated to continue until 2011.



SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to

achieve a clean India as attribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his 150th

birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban

Development (MoUD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) for

urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and

capacity building initiatives. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major

component of the SBM (urban)-“refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste

segregation and storage at source, primary collection, secondary storage, transportation,

secondary segregation, resource recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of

solid waste.” Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed

Project Reports in consultation with the state government based on the identified needs

of the City Sanitation Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for

attracting Private investment. The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s

goals outlined in the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) 2008, SWM rules,

advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost recovery mechanisms), O & M practices and

Service-level Benchmark advisories released by MoUD and Manual on Municipal Solid

Waste Management, 2000. Central government Grant/VGF may also be used to promote

projects of waste to energy. Central government incentive for the SWM projects will be

in the form of a maximum of 20% Grant / Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for each

project.

As per the rules made in 2016-17, No. 20/1/2016 – SBM- I, Government of India, Ministry

of Urban Development, Central assistance for Municipal Solid Waste Management

component has raised from 20 % to 35 % and this will be subjected to overall state-wise

funds envelop, for the entire mission period, SWM remains unchanged.

FOURTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the Finance

Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues between the Union

and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant, subsequent to the passage of the

73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first time announced in the 10th Finance

Commission for providing basic services at the grassroots level and strengthening

decentralization.



NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL RECOMMENDATIONS Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste

(MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5thFebrauary -2015

in the matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on strengthening the

planning exercise at national, state as well as city level by improvising through the waste

management value chain. In addition to that, The Plan suggested the concept of regional

cluster approach as well as technology options on the basis of quantum of MSW

generation which has been re-produced below in nutshell.

The Regional Cluster approach is based on the concept of discouraging setting up of

individual waste processing and disposal facilities leading to mushrooming of

innumerable facilities which are difficult to monitor and sustain. The approach requires a

detailed survey of the study area and identification of location for regional facility with

adequate size of land free from public objections. An indicative distance of say up to 50

km for each local body may be feasible based on local condition, fixing of criteria by the

local body to transport the waste for common disposal point without causing public

nuisance and traffic hurdles. However, alternate options can be worked out for smaller

local bodies. Common facility should be ‘integrated’ with facilities for sorting, compost,

RDF and energy plant and followed by inert recycling/re-use. Only a fraction of inert

waste should go for land-filling. The Action Plan has outlined indicative plan based on the

quantum of waste generated in the cluster. The indicative plans have been given for

towns in four ranges of waste generation.

2.6 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SAVANUR TOWN- OVERVIEW

There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Savanur Town. Genereted

waste is being disposed of unscientifically leading to environmental pollution and serious

health problems. The urban local body are facing challenges in effectively managing the

Municipal solid waste. The solid waste generated from domestic and commercial

activities have become a mojor concern, as they have got potential to cause severe

environmental problems and are thretening human health and life.



2.6.1 OBJECTIVES

Broad objectives of the proposed project are outlined below:

To review of the present status of MSWM practices and to investigate core issues

related to the solid waste management in the town.

To Identify the deficiencies/gaps in the exisiting system and propose a

comprehensive plan for MSWM including;

i. Segregation, collection, transportation and regional approach for processing &

scientific disposal in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility in

compliance with the MSW Rules 2000.

ii. In addition, analyze options for waste processing for effective and scientific

management of MSW generated.

iii. Implementation of 3R’s Concept i.e; Reduce, Reuse & Recycle

iv. ULB (Savanur TMC) should bare 50% of Operation and Maintenance Cost from

Revenue generated by User Charges, Sale of Compost, By-products & Recyclables.

2.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW;

Survey of the prevailing conditions.

Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules, 2000.

Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy.

Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary),

Transportation &waste processing system and sanitary landfill in accordance with

MSW Rules 2000.

Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings.

Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs).

Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates.

MSW management model including privatization aspects.

2.8 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS

Functional Elements of Solid Waste Management System

The activities associated with the management of solid wastes from the point of

generation to final disposal are divided into following functional elements:

Waste Generation

Segregation at Source & Waste storage

Primary Collection

Secondary storage /Transportation / Processing

Disposal



a. Waste Generation

Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer

being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. It is

important to note that in waste generation, there is identification step and that this

step varies with each individual waste. Waste generation is, at present an activity that

is not very controllable. Source reduction, though not controllable, is now included in

system evaluation as a method of limiting the quantity of waste generated.

b. Segregation at Source & Waste storage

Waste handling and separation involves the activities associated with the management

of wastes until they are placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also

encompasses a movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separation of

waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at

source. From standpoint of material specifications and revenue from sale of recovered

materials, the best place to separate the recovered materials for reuse and recycling, is

the source of generation. On-site storage is of primary importance because of public

health concerns and aesthetic considerations. Open ground storage and unsightly

makeshift containers, both of which are undesirable, are often seen at many residential

and commercial sites.

c. Primary Collection

The functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of wastes but also

the transport of these materials, after collection, to an intermediate location, where the

collection vehicle is emptied. This intermediate location can be materials processing

facility (waste storage depot/WSD) or a transfer station. In small cities, where final

disposal sites are nearby, the hauling of wastes is not a serious problem. But in large

cities, where the haul distance to the point of final disposal is often greater, the haul

may have significant economic implications. Where long distances are involved,

transfer and transport facility is normally used.

d. Secondary storage /Transportation/ Processing

The recovery of segregated materials, separation & processing of solid waste

components and transformation of solid wastes that occur primarily in locations away

from source of waste generation are encompassed by this functional element.

Processing often includes separation of bulky items, separation of ferrous metals,

manual separation of waste components and volume reduction by compaction.

Transformation processes are used to reduce volume and weight of waste requiring

disposal and to recover conversion products. The most commonly used chemical

transformation process is combustion, which is used in conjunction with recovery of

energy in the form of heat. The most commonly used biological transformation process

is composting. The selection of given set of processes depends on the waste

management objectives to be achieved.



e. Disposal

Disposal is the final functional element in the solid waste management system. Today,

disposal of waste by landfilling is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes. A modern

sanitary landfill is not a dump, rather it is an integrated, engineered facility used for

disposing solid waste on land without creating nuisance or hazards to public health

and safety. In most cities, planning for waste disposal involves dealing with

municipality, development authority and other agencies. Thus, landuse planning

becomes a primary determinant in the site selection, design and operation of

processing facilities and landfills. Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is required

for any new landfill site to ensure compliance with public health, aesthetics and future

use of land.

Chart 1: Integrated Solid Waste Management Process Flow Chart



It is in this view that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has

enacted Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules in the year 2000, under

the Environment Protection Act, 1986. As per these Rules, all the municipal solid waste

has to be managed scientifically and disposed off in an environmentally secured manner.

The State of Karnataka is undertaking many efforts in improving the solid waste

management systems in its cities. As part of its efforts the preliminary requirement is

preparation of Detailed Project Report to provide an overall direction for the activity and

implementation of efficient solid waste management practices in each city. This

document gives the detailed project report for efficient processing and disposal systems

for Municipal solid waste in Savanur Town. Therefore local urban body seeks a financial

assistance from the State Government and Government of India in the following schemes.

Swachh Bharat Mission

SFC

14th Finance

SBM Special Fund

2.9 CONSULTANT APPOINTMENT

As part of this activity Savanur Town Municipal Council initiated to prepare a Detailed

Project Report (DPR) for Solid Waste Management for the Town. TMC appointed “SMS

Envocare Limited” as consultant for proposed integrated Solid Waste Management

processing facility.

This report would be design document for setting up the Municipal solid waste

processing facility for Savanur Town.

2.10 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Savanur is a historical town and the headquarters of Savanur Taluk in the Haveri district

in the state of Karnataka, India. It is located at 14°58'23” N and 75°19'58"E. It has an

average elevation of 573 metres. Savanur is situated 10 km away to east of Poona-

Bangalore National Highway.



The Savanur town is 8 km away from west of Savanur Railway Station. Savanur is

commercially important town in Haveri District, world famous betel leaves are produced

and marketed on a larger scale and the leaves exported to foreign countries and outside

states. Fig 1 below shows the road map of Shigggaon city.

Fig 1 : City Road Map



Nearest places for Communication are- Hubli, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Ranebennur, and

Davangere. The best way to reach the Savanur is by bus, NH-4 (puna-Bangalore Road) is 9

km away from Savanur and all the buses travelling between Haveri-Gadag are the best

way to reach Savanur and from Hubli also there are many buses vis Shiggaon. By train,

nearest railway station is Savanur (Jallapur) is 9 km far away from Savanur city, where all

the local trains travelling from Bangalore -Hubli are available. By air, the nearest Air ports

are Hubli and Belgaum.

2.11 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CITY

Table 1: Salient Features of Savanur City

Sl. No. Item Details

1 Population 40,567 as per 2011 census

2 Total Households 7,200 as per 2011 census

3 Present Population 42,636 (Approx.)

4 Present Households 7,584 (Approx.)

5 Area 5.49 Sq. Km.

6 Wards 23

7 Total Length of Road 139 Kms

A-Type – 5 Km

B-Type – 24 Km

C-Type – 110 Km

(Excluding D Type – Mud

Road)

8 Waste generating 15 Tons Per day

9 Shops and Commercial Establishment 852

10 Markets 5

11 Hospitals and Nursing Homes 2 and 23

12 Educational Institutions 6

13 Kalyan Mantap 5

14 Hotels and restaurants 59

The Tunga-Bhadra River flowing on the eastern border of the district is the only

perennial river in the district. The Varada and Kumudvati rivers are major tributaries of

Tungabhadra and river Dharma a major tributary of Varada drains the district. All the

rivers in the district together with their tributaries exhibit dendretic drainage pattern and

they form part of Krishna main basin. The Figure 2 describes the topographical Map of

the City. The Figure 2 describes the topographical Map of the site. And table 2 shows GPS

readings of site lies between GPS location.



Fig 2 : Topographical Map of the Site

The GPS reading of the proposed site is tabulated below in the Table 2.

Table 2: GPS Reading of the Proposed Site

Points Latitude Longitude

A 14°59'38.73"N 75°22'9.48"E

B 14°59'44.62"N 75°22'4.08"E

C 14°59'43.93"N 75°22'1.38"E

D 14°59'36.98"N 77°22'7.66"E

The Aerial Map of the Proposed Site is located in the Figure 3.



Fig 3: Aerial view of the Proposed Site

2.12 GEOLOGY AND SOILS

The district lies on the Deccan plateau and comprises mainly Dharwad system as it bed

rocks Dharwad and Haveri. The Dharwad belt passes through the western part Haveri

district in a south east direction, with an average width of 17 kms to 20 kms. The major

portion of this cellist belt has no mineral deposits of any commercial importance,

excepting the eastern part of Haveri district.

The rocks show a considerable variation in texture, are usually massive and are pink to

grey in colour. Bands of conglomerates occur in the northern region of the district and

these pebbles and holders comprise granite felsites appetite, quartzite and schist’s. Rocks

belonging to the Kaladgi series which consists mostly of quartzite’s conglomerates,

breccias and sandstones are found to occur in the north-eastern sector of the district.

Laterite too is found to occur in several parts, but chiefly in the west as capping over

granite, gneiss and quartzite. The mineral wealth of the district includes gold copper iron

and manganese besides granite which is most useful as a construction material and is

extensively quarried in all parts of the district.

Savanur

SWM Site

A

B C

D



The study area possesses soils derived from a variety of potential materials, such as

schists, traps, sandstones, limestones, shales, granite and laterites. The mixed brown and

lateritic soil occurs mostly in the western high rainfall tract of Hanagal, Byadagi and

Savanur talukas of the district. They are medium deep, granular to vesicular in structure

bright red to mottled yellow and red. There are extensive areas covered with black soil in

the northern part and some central part of the district. This black soil is driveled from

various parent materials such as traps, schists, granites and limestone, usually contain

lime nodules, have high base states and rather shallow in the ridges. In some cases black

soil and red soil occur intermixed. In the southern talukas of Haveri, Ranebennur,

Byadagi, Hirekerur and Hanagal the soils are either red sandy loams or black soils. The

red sandy loams are derived from granites or schists with predominant content of coarse

particles and gravel and babbles, rather shallow in depth and have poor water holding

capacity.

2.13 WEATHER & CLIMATE CONDITIONS

2.13.1 Temperature

The annual summer temperature is around 25-350C and annual winter temperature is

around 16-220C. Generally the mean minimum (January) is 14–180C and the mean

maximum (May) is 32-370C. The maximum temperature recorded is around 370C and

the minimum temperature is around 160C.

2.13.2 Humidity

The relative humidity is generally 86% during monsoon months and 63% during dry

months. During the mornings the humidity is more and mean relative than 67 per cent

with the highest in the months of July and August (around 87 per cent) and the lowest

humidity in the month of March. And during evenings the humidity is more than 31

percent with the highest in the months of August and October (around 69 per cent) and

the lowest in the month of March. Generally nearly 25 percent difference is observed

from mornings to evenings with the highest differences seen in the months of January,

February and March (> 35 per cent).

2.13.3 Climate data

The climate in the region is hot, moist, semi-arid Ecological Sub Region with length of

growing period of 150-180 days. The town experiences pleasant weather almost all

throughout the year. March, April and May are the predominant summer months while

December and January constitute winter. The nearest IMD station giving the rainfall,

humidity, temperature and wind is at Bangalore. Hence, the data was used to understand

the climate in the area.



2.13.4 Rainfall

IMD station recorded an average rainfall of around 755 mm over the years 2015-2016. It

is observed from the IMD data provided that there are two peaks in the rainfall namely

Aug and September months. But the highest rainfall months are mainly August,

September and October.

Table 3: Climate Data

Month Mean - Temperature Rainfall

Monthly in mm Daily Max.°C Daily Min.°C

April 36 22 53

May 35 23 107

June 30 22 80

July 27 21 151

August 28 21 90

September 29 21 97

October 30 20 138

November 30 18 33

December 29 16 4

January 30 16 0

February 32 18 1

March 35 20 1

2.14 POPULATION OF SAVANUR (PAST, PRESENT & PROJECTED)

The population density of the city is increasing over the past 3 decades. The city is

growing very fast with a very rapid urbanization. The Table 4 & 5 gives the details of the

decadal growth & population density.

Table 4: Population growth of the Town

Year Population Decadal growth %

1991 29,739 2001 35,563 19.58 2011 40,567 14.07 2016* 42,636 5.10 2023* 45,712 7.21 2031* 49,499 8.28

Table 5: Growth in Population Density

Sl. No. Year Population Gross Density

(Persons/km2) 1 1991 29,739 5,417 2 2001 35,563 6,478 3 2011 40,567 7,389



2.14.1 Ward wise Population and Quantity of Waste (2011)

The Town has been divided into 23 municipal administrative wards and the

approximate population, households and waste generation in each of the wards

from households is set out in Table No. 6.

Table 6: Ward wise Population and Waste Generation

Ward No. Number of Households Population Quantity of waste generated in Tons

1 766 4,125 0.866

2 469 2,986 0.627

3 364 1,999 0.420

4 549 2,867 0.602

5 275 1,603 0.337

6 191 1,002 0.210

7 484 2,764 0.580

8 254 1,502 0.315

9 209 1,229 0.258

10 350 1,865 0.392

11 366 2,166 0.455

12 149 1,023 0.215

13 264 1,536 0.323

14 248 1,384 0.291

15 214 1,392 0.292

16 100 551 0.116

17 298 1,588 0.333

18 273 1,520 0.319

19 301 1,610 0.338

20 180 826 0.173

21 279 1,314 0.276

22 256 1,712 0.360

23 361 2,003 0.421

Total 7,200 40,567 8.51

Source: 2011 Census Households & Population

2.15 WORK DONE IN THE CITY

The following sets of activities have been done by SMS Envocare Limited.



2.15.1 Field Visits and Data Collection

A team of consultants from SMS Envocare Limited had visited the various parts of the city

to understand the existing infrastructure and SWM mechanism in the city. The team has

interacted with various stake holders of SWM System.

2.15.2 Primary Data Collection undertaken

Primary data has been collected for preparation of this report. It includes the following

key features:

1. Average waste generated by waste generators.

2. Physical characterization of the waste.

3. Quantity of Waste collected and transported to the dumping site.

4. Waste movement mechanism in the city.

5. Approximate estimation of open points in the city.

The Primary data gathered by the team of SMSEL was compiled in DPR report.

2.15.3 Secondary data collection and Assessment

Secondary Data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the city,

weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste generator,

area of the city, total population of city in the past, other reports on SWM were gathered

from various sources. A review of the available documents about Savanur and the studies

on Solid waste management systems was done. The gathered data was compiled as per

the requirement of DPR.

2.15.4 Design and report preparation

Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction

with stake holders and TMC staff DPR is prepared. The DPR has considered the future

population growth and prospective increased growth in the city. A detailed cost

estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and presented in the

report. All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report as annexure 1.

2.15.5 Review Process

The draft report, cost estimates, designs and drawings were submitted to TMC for review.

This final DPR document has been prepared by incorporating all the suggestions,

comments and inputs of Savanur TMC. The Savanur TMC shall further review the report,

seek the State Government clearance as required and the final report would be drafted to

meet the requirements of using the document for implementation.



2.15.6 Source of Waste Generation

The source wise generation is shown in Table 7:

Table 7: Source Wise Generation of Waste

Sl. No. Different waste

Generators No. of Units

Quantity per day in KG

Total Waste generated in kg per day

1 Non Slum Households 5,674 1.25 7,093

2 Slum Households 1,910 1.25 2,388

3 Commercial Shops 852 0.5 426

4 Major Hotels 4 30 120

5 Small hotels 10 25 250

6 Markets 5 400 2,000

7 Choultries 2 40 80

8 Hostels 5 2.3 12

9 Institutions 6 1.2 7

10 Boarding and Lodging

centers 1 5 5

11 Vegetable shops 3 2 6

12 Meat shops or Slaughter

houses 16 15 240

13 Street Sweeping and

Drainage 1,900

14 Cattle waste - - 457

TOTAL 14,983 Total waste generating per day ~ 15 TPD MSW

2.15.7 Present Quantities and Projections

The approximate quantity of Municipal Solid Waste generated is 15 TPD. TMC currently

collects about 13 TPD per day, with about 85-90% efficiency. The per capita generation of

waste is estimated at 250grams/day. If their waste collection achieves 100% efficiency

from the households, market waste, street sweeping, Institutions and commercial waste,

the overall quantification of waste will be around 15 tons per day. SMSEL Team had

quantified the waste to ensure the waste generation in the city, the details are tabulated

below.

Table 8: Waste Quantification

Sl. No. Vehicle Reg No Vehicle Type Timing No. of Trips Weight (Kg)

1 KA27 B1275 Auto 7.00 am 01 500

2 KA27 B1276 Auto 7.15 am 01 500

3 KA27 B5010 Auto 7.30 am 01 500

4 KA27 B5009 Tata Ace 7.30 am 01 750

5 KA27 A473 Tractor 8.00 am 01 1,500



6 KA27 A473 Tractor 10.00 am 01 1,500

7 KA27 A473 Tractor 12.00 am 01 1,500

8 KA27 A534 Tractor 7.45 am 01 1,500

9 KA27 A534 Tractor 9.30 am 01 1,750

10 No Registration Tractor 8.00 am 01 1,500

11 No Registration Tractor 11.00 am 01 1,500

Total 13,000

Based on the waste quantification, population projection and source of waste generation,

we are projected the waste generation for the next 15 years. The proposed processing

facility is considered 2016 as base design year, 2023 as intermediate year and 2031 as

ultimate design year estimated waste quantity and the classification of wastes are

presented in Table 9.

Table 9: Waste Generation and Classification (in tons per day)

Sl .No. Population Year Waste generation (MT) Project Phase

1 40,567 2011 12.50

2 40,973 2012 12.88

3 41,382 2013 13.26

4 41,796 2014 13.66

5 42,214 2015 14.07

6 42,636 2016 14.49 Base year

7 43,063 2017 14.93

8 43,493 2018 15.37

9 43,928 2019 15.83

10 44,368 2020 16.31

11 44,811 2021 16.80

12 45,259 2022 17.30

13 45,712 2023 17.82 Intermediate year

14 46,169 2024 18.36

15 46,631 2025 18.91

16 47,097 2026 19.47

17 47,568 2027 20.06

18 48,044 2028 20.66

19 48,524 2029 21.28

20 49,009 2030 21.92

21 49,499 2031 22.58 Ultimate year

2.15.8 Classification of the Waste

SMSEL Team has conducted waste classification study at present disposal site. It is

found the 47 to 48% of the waste contains Organic portion, 26 to 30% is paper and

plastic and other details are tabulated in the Table 10.



Table 10: Waste Classification Study

Sl. No. Materials Sample-1 Sample-2 Sample-3

% % %

1 Food Waste, Garden waste, Vegetable Waste.

48.2 47.5 46.5

2 Paper Waste, Plastic Waste, Thermocol Waste, Rubber waste

29.6 28.2 26.3

3 Soil, Stone, pebbles 20 23.1 25.6

4 Metal, Glass 2.2 1.2 1.6

5 E-Waste 0 0 0

Note: 1. Organic Waste- Food Waste, Garden waste, Vegetable Waste. 2. RDF- Paper Waste, Plastic Waste, Thermo coal Waste, Rubber waste.

3. Inert- Soil, Stone, Pebbles 2.16 SITE DETAILS

Integrated Solid Waste Processing Facility is located at Allipura Village having extent of

area is about 4 Acres 39 Guntas. It is 5 Km from the Savanur town and 1 Km from the

Allipura. The site is oriented in the North - West direction. The contour map of the site is

enclosed as drawing, Savanur TMC Waste Processing Facility SMS/SNR/MSW/01.

The Site Photographs are shown below:

Figure 4: Savanur processing facility Access road



Figure 5: Processing Shed

Figure 6: Aerobic Pad and Vermi Composting Shed

2.17 EXISTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

SAVANUR

2.17.1 Segregation at Source

There is no organized and scientifically planned segregation of MSW either at the source

level or at community bin. There is no practice of segregation of MSW at source. However,

segregation and sorting takes places by sanitary workers engaged in the primary

collection of waste to certain extent.

2.17.2 Primary & Secondary Collection System

Waste collection from all the 23 wards in the town is done by Pourakarmikas. And the

door to door collection from around 3,000 households is done by using 3 auto tippers.



Whereas, waste collected from the wards close to the processing facility are directly

emptied in to the processing facility. And the remaining wastes are dumped in respective

designated places.

Timings for the primary collection are from 6:00 am to 10:00 am in the morning and the

second trip starts in the noon from 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm. And wastes from designated

places are transported to Processing facility by using 3 Tractors.

2.17.3 Street Sweeping

Street sweeping is done in two shifts on daily basis on all the major and minor roads.

Everyday, sweeping of main roads starts at 6.00 am in the morning and continues till

10:30 am. Sweepers are provided with brooms. And the waste collected from the roads is

made into small heaps on the designated place and then later in the day it is picked-up by

the waste collection tractors.

2.17.4 Processing & Disposal

Savanur TMC has been allotted 4 Acres and 39 Guntas of land for Integrated MSW

Processing Facility. Wastes are collected by 3 tractors and are dumped at solid waste

management site.

Presently, the Processing facility consists of Aerobic pad, Vermi composting Unit,

Processing Shed with New Dual Trommel (16 mm & 4 mm) and Baling unit. Whereas,

current organic waste is processed in vermi composting unit and Inorganic components

are just dumped at north corner of the site.

2.17.5 Bio Medical Waste

Waste generated by private and government hospitals is being collected by KSPCB

authorized agency called M/s. Sushanth Environment Technology located Harihara Taluk,

Davangere District.

2.17.6 C & D Waste

Construction and Demolition Waste is collected by Corporation or Private agency and is

dumped into low lying areas.

2.17.7 Mutton and Chicken Waste

Mutton and Chicken Waste is collected by Corporation and is dumped into SWM Site as

well. There is no systematic plan for disposal.



2.17.8 Bulk Waste

Bulk Waste is collected along with mixed waste. Presently this waste also finds it place on

SWM Site.

2.18 EXISTING ASSETS AND ITS CONDITION

The following table shows the existing number of assets and its condition:

Table 11: Existing Assets Details

Sl. No. Vehicle Reg. No. Vehicle Type Condition

1 KA 27 B1275 Auto Tipper Good Condition



4 KA 27 B5009 Tata Ace Good Condition

5 KA 27 A473 Tractor Good Condition

6 KA 27 A534 Tractor Good Condition

7 New Tractor Good Condition

8 New Mini Tipper Good Condition

9 New Sucking Machine Good Condition

10 KA 27 M3656 Tractor Mounted JCB Good Condition

2.19 PRESENT ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE FOR MSWM

Junior Engineer is responsible for the management of MSW activities in a few wards and

is assisted by Health Inspector who in turn is responsible for supervision of

Pourakarmikas (PKs) and the private contractors. The staffing pattern of the department

is outlined in the table below.

Table 12: Existing Staff Details

Sl. No. Staff category / designation Manpower

1 Permanent Manpower

a PK’s for Street Sweeping 28

Total (A) 28

2 Outsourcing Manpower

a Drivers 05

B PK’s for Street Sweeping 15

C Loaders 09

d Others (SHG for D2D Collection) 25

Total (B) 54

Total (A+B) 82



2.19.1 Observations: Collection and Transportation

Considering the present solid waste management situation in the Savanur town, the

following observations are being presented for the improvement of system.

Deficiency of staff, crews, vehicles and machinery, in particular with primary

collection (door to door collection), which needs primary attention for the

immediate recovery.

Staff training programs must be initiated to motivate the workers.

Concept of segregation of waste at household level is absent which is very crucial

for the solid waste management success.

The process of collection requires substantial manpower and logistics

management.

There is lack of awareness among the general public about the solid waste

management, resulting in littering of waste everywhere.

Dry waste collection centre is absent in the city which is also a drawback for the

segregating waste at source level and deposition of dry waste.

2.20 TOTAL EXPENDITURE INCURRED TOWARDS ISWM AND TOTAL REVENUE

BEING COLLECTED ETC.

Table 13: Existing Expenditure Details

Sl No. Description Per Year

(Rs in Lakh)

1 Salaries of Permanent PK’s 87.69

2 Salaries of Outsourced PK’s 42.4

3 Fuel Cost Expenses 15.22

4 Repair Cost 2.98

5 Consumables 5.93

TOTAL 154.22

Table 14: Existing Revenue Details

Sl.

No Particulars

Amount (Rs.

in lakhs)

1 % of Property tax reserved towards SWM and

cleaning activities 39.29

2 SWM Cess 9.00

3 Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc 1.00

4 Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement

tax, birth / death certificate fee etc towards SWM

and cleaning activities

7.70

5 Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning

activities 2.27



Sl.

No Particulars

Amount (Rs.

in lakhs)

6 Others 37.50

Total 96.76

2.21 PROPOSED COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF MSW

The proposed practices for collection and transportation of MSW for various generators

are outlined below.

Primary & Secondary Collection System - Households

Savanur Town Municipal Council has proposed door-to-door collection of MSW

from domestic households by deploying 6 Partitioned Auto Tippers (To encourage

segregation) and 8 Pushcarts (with segregation bins) from all the wards and the

same is to be transferred to 3 Tractors (with segregation facility) and transported

to processing facility (wet waste). The dry waste collected from the auto tippers

and tractors is to be transported to the dry waste collection centre.

The collection bins for individual households is not proposed by the respective

ULB (Savanur TMC).

Primary & Secondary Collection System- Bulk Generator and Commercial

In order to facilitate effective collection of MSW from the bulk generators and

commercial waste, one dedicated Tata Ace has been assigned for primary

collection and the waste from it has to be transferred to the tractor (with

segregation facility), then transported to the compost facility (wet waste) and dry

waste collection centre (dry waste).

Primary & Secondary Collection System- Market waste and Bus stand

In order to facilitate collection of MSW from Market waste, Bus stand wastes and

other wastes, it is proposed to have 5 Pushcarts (with segregation facility) from

which the wastes are transferred to 1 Tractor (with segregation facility), thereby

transported to processing facility (wet waste) and dry waste collection centre (dry

waste).

Primary & Secondary Collection System- Drain Waste

Drain wastes shall be temporarily stored in small heaps on the road sides until

dried (2 days) and collected in Pushcarts and transferred to Mini Tipper where

then the wastes are transported to Processing Facility.



Primary & Secondary Collection System- Street Sweeping

Street sweeping activity in the city is carried out by the PKs and classified into

three categories depending upon the frequency of sweeping & collection namely; A

type roads (daily collection), B type roads (collection twice a week) and C type

roads (once a week). The waste is collected through 12 Pushcarts and the same is

transferred to 1 Mini Tipper. This comprises the street sweepings and the silt

collected from the road.

The estimated road length in Savanur is 139 km. Road classification and proposed

Staff deployment for collection and transportation is mentioned in the below table.

Table 15: Road classification

Sl. No. Classification of Roads Road Length (Km)

1 Type A (Sweeping on a daily basis) 5

2 Type B (Sweeping twice a week) 24

3 Type C (Sweeping once a week) 110

Total Road Length 139



Secondary Transportation

The Secondary Collection and Transportation shall be done by 3 tractors and 1

Mini tipper. The MSW collected from open collection points shall be transported to

the existing Integrated MSW Facility by using tractor.

Dry Waste Collection Center

To encourage the segregation, 1 dry waste collection center is proposed, located

near Doddaghattar (Division 19), KMRP Drain logically at South direction of the

Town of dimension 18m x 15m. The details of estimates are given in reference

IMSW09. The detailed of drawing is given in SMS/SNR/MSW/011.

In dry waste collection centre dry waste will be further segregated into paper,

plastic, cardboard, glass, metal waste etc., TMC will identify the vendors for the

sale of DWCC output in order to develop the idea of zero solid waste

management.

Initialization of zero waste management plan will start from Doddaghattar

where dry waste collection centre is present, by practicing 100% collection

efficiency and segregation of the waste. Later, in future years TMC will

encourage in extension of the same plan in all consecutive wards.

Bio Medical Waste

Waste generated by private and government hospitals is not been treated and TMC

is concerning to consult KSPCB authorized agency called M/s. Sushanth

Environment Technology located Harihara Taluk, Davangere District for its

disposal of Biomedical waste.

E - Waste

This category of waste is not being generated in Savanur TMC. As a precautionary

measure a container will be kept for the storage of E-waste on the site. In case of

E-waste generation, TMC will also encourage Private Operator to collect the

segregated E-waste and send it to KSPCB Authorized recycling dealers /

centralized e-waste processing facility.

C & D Waste

It is proposed to collect Construction and Demolition Waste by TMC or Private

agency and dumped to designated area which is located at Dharmarajanagar

(Ward No. 1). The NOC from Karnataka State Pollution Control Board is required

for the utilization of dedicated area in the mentioned location.

This category of waste is being generated in small quantity; if quantity increases

gradually then TMC will encourage Private Operator to collect the segregated

waste and to recycle the waste produced as, by- products such as Aggregates,

Sand, Hallow blocks and pavement blocker etc.



Mutton and Chicken Waste

TMC is generating this category of the waste is small quantity; this is handling by

decomposition by aerobic composting. If quantity is gradually increase will sent to

nearby incinerators / Slaughter house.

The Normative Standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management are considered for Staff

deployment and Asset calculations.

Table 16: Staff Deployment for Collection and Transportation

Sl No Particular Skilled Semiskilled/

Unskilled

Weekly Off for Driver/

Skilled

Weekly Off for

Semiskilled/ Unskilled

Total

A. Primary Collection (D2D)

1

Auto Tipper (6 autos for

Approx. 6,000 Household Collection)

6 6 0 0 12

2

Push Carts (8 Push Cart for

1600 Household collection)

0 8 0 0 8

3

Market waste collection /

Bus stand by using Push

Cart

0 5 0 0 5

4

1 Mini Tipper -Commercial

Waste Collection

and working as Back-up in Breakdown of

Other Auto Tipper

1 1 0 0 2

B. Street Sweeping

1 A Type Road

(5 km) 0 5 0 0 5

2 B Type Road

(24 km) 0 6 0 0 6

3 C Type Road

(110 km) 0 6 0 0 6

4 Sucking 0 0 0 0 0



Sl No Particular Skilled Semiskilled/

Unskilled

Weekly Off for Driver/

Skilled

Weekly Off for

Semiskilled/ Unskilled

Total

Machine

5 JCB 0 0 0 0 0

C. Dry Waste Collection

Centre 0 1 0 0 1

D. Secondary Transportation

1 Tractor 2 4 0 0 6

2 Tractor 1 2 0 0 3

Total 10 44 0 0 54

Absentees 1 0 0 0 1

Grand Total 11 44 0 0 55

SHGs (Self Help Groups)

Savanur TMC is trying to encourage Self Help Groups (SHGs) to take up solid waste

management in specified zones in the town consisting of 5 to 6 wards where they can

collect, segregate and process the solid waste. Self Help Groups can comparatively reduce

the total O and M expenditure for door to door collection, processing & disposal of waste

than the unusual outsourcing contracts. Self help groups will contribute to the additional

requirements of Manpower and to the reduction of the overall MSWM Operational costs.

Local body can share the profit with SHGs in compost generated and material recovery

and there by minimize the gap of income to SHGs.

2.22 PROPOSED ASSETS FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF MSW

Table 17: Existing and Proposed Assets for Collection and Transportation

Sl. No.

Infrastructure Quantity of waste Handled

Trips Households Proposed Existing Back Ups

Additional

Primary Collection

1 Auto Tippers for Primary Collection

50% of Waste = 7.5 TPD

02 Trips

6000 6 3 0 3

2 Pushcarts for

Primary Collection

13.5% of Waste = 2.0 TPD

01 Trip

1600 8 9 1 0

3 Pushcarts for

Street Sweeping

15% of Waste =

2.25 TPD 12 12 1 1



Sl. No.

Infrastructure Quantity of waste Handled

Trips Households Proposed Existing Back Ups

Additional

4

Push Carts for Drains, Market, Bus stand and

Others

2+2+1=5 2 1 4

2

Mini Tipper for Market waste

and Commercial

Waste

21.5% of Waste =

3.15 TPD

03 Trip

1 1 0 0

Secondary Collection

1

Tractor with Trailer for Household

Waste

50% of Waste = 7.5 TPD

02 Trips

2 2 0 0

2

Tractor with Trailer for

Street Sweeping, Bus Stand & Drain

Waste

28.5% of Waste =

4.35 TPD

03 Trips

1 1 0 0

Processing Facility

1 JCB 3 DX for

processing of waste

1 0 0 1

Table 18: List of equipment, machineries and vehicles required

Sl. No. Type of Vehicles Proposed No’s

as per DPR Existing

Nos. No’s to be procured

1 Auto tippers / Mini tippers/Tata Ace

6 3 3

2 Pushcarts 28 23 5

3 Tractor with Trailer 3 3 0

4 Mini Tipper 1 1 0

4 Weighbridge 1 0 1

5 Baling machines 1 0 1

6 Screening machines (trommel / vibratory screens)- 16mm/4mm)

1 0 1

7 Back Hoe Loader 1 0 1



2.23 MICRO LEVEL PLANNING FOR PRIMARY COLLECTION

The auto tippers proposed for primary collection is 06 Numbers and pushcarts for

primary collection are 8 numbers. The number of Tata Ace auto allotted for commercial

waste is 1 number. The detailed micro level planning for primary collection is shown in

below table 19 & 20: Routing Map for Micro level Planning is enclosed in Annexure 3.



Table 19: Micro Level Planning for Primary Collection from Households

Sl.

No.

Type of Primary

Collection vehicle

No. of

Trips Wards

Location

Major Roads & Area Name

No. of House

Holds

Total number of

House Holds

1

Auto Tipper No. 1 &

Pushcart No. 1

02 Trips

Ward No. 1

SM Krishna Nagar, Navanagar, Rajeev

Gandhi Nagar, Shiggaon Road to Gadag

Road

770 1,144

Ward No. 3 Dhandinapet, Havanigi plot, Govt.

Hospital road, Lakshar Bazaar 374

2 Auto Tipper No. 2

02 Trips

Ward No. 2 Kadriya nagar, Maltesh Nagar, Vaddar

oni, Gadag Road 558 1,094

Ward No. 4

Ambedkar Nagar road, Kumareshwara

Nagar, Mangalawar pete road, APMC

Road

536

3 Auto Tipper No. 3

02 Trips

Ward No. 5 Hale ooru, Bus stand road Mayani galli 300 1,004

Ward No. 6 Bus stand road, Uppar oni road, Davagi

oni road 188

Ward No. 7

Ganesh gudi road to HLV School road,

Kanduba temple to mariyamma gudi,

Kanduba temple to TMC, Shilpi galli,

KEB Mutt

516

4

Auto Tipper No. 4 &

Pushcart No. 2

02 Trips

Ward No. 8

Khadar bagh main road, Gadag road,

vaddar oni, Asar road, Kandiwale road

(Mutton Market)

281 1,265

Ward No. 9

Shiggaon home road to vaddar oni,

harpanahalli home road,

Lakshmishwara Naka

230

Ward No. 10 Ganesh gudi to Lalchanikatti road 349



Sl.

No.

Type of Primary

Collection vehicle

No. of

Trips Wards

Location

Major Roads & Area Name

No. of House

Holds

Total number of

House Holds

Ward No. 11 Lalchanikatti road 405

5 Auto Tipper No. 5 02 Trips

Ward No. 12 Bus stand road to Juma Bazaar and

Bankapura cross 191

997

Ward No. 13 Shukruvarapete road to Hallavar

House (Bankapura Cross) 287

Ward No. 14 Barmalingeshwar circle to

shukruvarapete road, Market road 259

Ward No. 15 Mandi road, Fish Market, Samgar Oni,

Hale pete 260

6 Pushcarts No. 3,4,5,6

& 7 01 Trip

Ward No. 16 Hale pete to Basanna Devara Gudi

(Koripete) 103

985 Ward No. 17 Bhovi Oni to Lakshmishwara Naka 297

Ward No. 18 Kamalbangadi road to Vishnutheerth

road 284

Ward No. 19 Sunagaar Oni to Joshi Oni 301

7

Auto Tipper No. 6 &

Pushcart No. 8

02 Trips

Ward No. 20 Barmalingeshwara Circle to Hullikuppi

Road 155

1,095 Ward No. 21

Barmalingeshwara Circle to Dyamavva

Gudi (Hullikuppi Road) 246

Ward No. 22 Juma Bazaar cross to Maavur cross 320

Ward No. 23 Dyamavva Tample to Mylara

Lingeshwar Gudi 374

7,584

*Projected households for 2016.



Table 20: Micro Level Planning for Primary Collection from Commercial Waste,

Market Waste, Street Sweeping etc.,

Sl No. Particulars Type of Vehicle

1 Household Waste 6 Auto Tipper 8 Pushcarts 2 Tractor

2 Commercial Waste 1 Mini Tipper

1 Tractor

3 Market Waste 2 Pushcarts

4 Bus stand and Other

Waste 5 Pushcarts

5 Drain Waste 12 Pushcarts 6 Street Sweeping

7 Back Up 3 Pushcarts



3. PART B: TECHNOLOGY

The ISWM concept is closely linked to the 3R approach, which is also aimed at optimizing

the management of municipal solid waste and processing of all kinds of waste to promote

zero-landfilling concept. The hierarchy of ISWM concept ranges from most preferred to

least preferred. At source reduction and reuse is preferred most followed by Recycling,

Composting, and Waste to Energy and landfilling. As per the ISWM hierarchy, landfilling is

the last option to be adopted in case any of the above technology is not applicable. The

process flow and design of selected technology has also been explained in detail.

3.1 TECHNOLOGY OPTION

The technology options for segregated waste are as follows:

I. Organic waste

a) Aerobic composting

Aerobic composting involves the stabilization of the organics into compost

by microorganisms, which require the oxygen in air for their survival and

growth. During this process of conversion heat is released. There are ideal

limits for different parameters within which these microorganisms survive.

Adequate moisture is required for the microorganisms to survive and

composting to take place. If these conditions are ensured, the compost

quality and time of composting can be controlled. In batch conditions the

composting process continues at progressively reducing rate as the oxygen

becomes a limiting factor or organics get consumed. To ensure the survival

of these organisms the availability of oxygen in the waste being composted

has to be ensured through provision of air. For economic reasons the time

of composting is restricted till the major conversion is done and

subsequently compost maturing is taken up till the compost is safe for



application to plants. The organics typically have high moisture and in the

compost process this is removed. There are different possible

configurations of holding waste and providing air for aerobic composting.

The selection of this is based on economics and competence in handling

technology.

The various parameters, which affect the composting process and the

compost quality, are organism’s population, carbon Nitrogen ratio,

temperature, aeration and moisture. The above-mentioned controlling

parameters need to be monitored in the industrial scale plant. In large

composting operations it is necessary to monitor the wastewater, which

comes out of the organic waste, called leachate. The production of this

leachate has to be minimized and whatever leachate is generated has to be

collected and reused for maintaining the moisture content of the heap and

as inoculums. Organic waste processing this technology is most successful

in Indian waste regional condition.

b) Vermi Composting

The vermi composting process starts with partially decomposed organic

waste (preferably market waste). The waste that has undergone

degradation for 15-20 days is used for vermi composting. The earthworms

eat the partially decomposed waste and produce casting. The casting of the

worms is the vermin compost. The degradation process in vermi

composting takes places inside the worm body by microorganisms. The

selection of worms to obtain the best yield per worm is available. The crux

in this process is to get the worms to survive. The conditions for survival of

the worms have to be maintained in terms of the food availability, food

quality, moisture content and safety from predators. Another important

aspect is that the vermi castings have to be routinely removed. The whole

vermi composting operation has to be done manually and require more

care and effort. In terms of the infrastructure requirement the vermi

composting takes off from the aerobic composting and simple covered

sheds are adequate. It is option to process the waste, depending upon the

vermi compost demand TMC have plannned to implement.

c) Bio-Methanation

Biomethanation is a scientific process whereby anaerobic microorganisms

in an anoxic environment decompose biodegradable matter. Anaerobic

digestion (AD) of organic material, another way of terming the above

process, can be applied in mechanisms called biogas digesters to produce

commercially applicable, stable compounds. The two outputs from

anaerobic digestion are digestate, a nutrient-rich, sterile, organic sludge

that can often be applied as a fertilizer (NNFCC 2009). Biogas, a mixture



consisting of approximately 60 percent methane (CH4) and 40 percent

carbon dioxide (CO2), retains upwards of 90 percent of the energy from the

initial degraded organic matter (IEA 2005). For this reason, capturing the

byproduct of this natural process in biogas digesters represents an efficient

potential source of energy.

The overall process of anaerobic digestion can be separated into four

stages: pretreatment, digestion of waste, recovery of gas byproduct, and

treatment of the digested slurry.

The segregated organic waste will be brought to the plant site. It will

further be crushed along with water to form slurry.

This slurry will be fed into the inlet mixing chamber

The mixed slurry will then be feed to the main bio digester

The main digester will be convert organic waste into Biogas and liquid

Organic manure

Liquid organic manure will be collected in outer pit which can use for

gardening purpose.

The biogas generated from the main digester will be collected in biogas

holder, which will be cleaned and can be used for thermal application or

power generation.



It is one more option to process the waste, depending upon the Biogas/power

requirement in the site TMC have planned to implement this technology.

II. Dry Waste

The segregated dry waste consisting of plastic, Glass, Paper, Metallic parts,

packing material etc. is having very low bulk density and occupies lot of

precious space for even small quantities. To solve this problem,

Baling/Compacting of this material is a very economical solution. The Hydraulic

Baler press Systems operates with a very simple mechanism that compresses

the dry matter at a very high pressure to convert it into Bales of suitable size.

To encourage the segregation, 1 dry waste collection center is proposed, located

near Doddaghattar (Division 19), KMRP Drain logically at South direction of the

Town of dimension 18m x 15m. The details of estimates are given in reference

IMSW09. The detailed of drawing is given in SMS/SNR/MSW/011.

The Process:

The segregated dry waste of 100 kgs/m3 bulk density is fed into the feeding

hopper of the Baler. The material is compacted to 50 % of its original volume in

the Baler. The bales can be stored and used as RDF. The RDF fraction could be

used in the cement industry, steel furnaces or power stations and boilers

substituting coal and oil.

III. Chicken waste & slaughter waste

This is a term applied to dead animals that die naturally or accidentally killed.

This category does not include carcass and animal parts from slaughter houses

which are regarded as industrial wastes. Dead animals are divided into two

groups, large and small. Among the large animals are horses, cows, goats, sheep,

hogs and the like. Small animals include dogs, cats, rabbits and rats. The reason

for this differentiation is that large animals require special equipment for lifting

and handling during their removal. If not collected promptly, dead animals are a

threat to public health because they attract flies and other vermin as they

putrefy. Their presence in public places is particularly offensive and emits foul

smell from the aesthetic point of view.

TMC is generating this category of the waste in small quantity. The Dead

animals and such waste are normally buried. If quantity is gradually increases,

it has to be sent to nearby Approved KSPCB incinerators.

IV. Inert waste

Landfill

The MSW Management rules 2000 mandate that each municipal authority shall

set up an engineered landfill for the disposal of waste. It directs as follows.



Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other

wastes which are not suitable for recycling and for biological processing.

Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as

well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities.

V. House hold hazardous waste

Hazardous wastes may be defined as wastes of industrial, institutional or

consumer origin which, because of their physical, chemical or biological

characteristics are potentially dangerous to human and the environment. In

some cases although the active agents may be liquid or gaseous, they are

classified as solid wastes because they are confined in solid containers. Typical

examples are solvents, paints and pesticides whose spent containers are

frequently mixed with municipal wastes and become part of the urban waste

stream. Certain hazardous wastes cause explosions in incinerators and fires at

landfill sites. Others, such as pathological wastes from hospitals and radioactive

wastes, require special handling at all time.

The Hazardous Waste can be stored in Containers on the Site. The Container

should be in closed, in good condition and chemically compatible. It should be

kept on impervious surface and undercover.

Good management practice should ensure that hazardous wastes are stored,

collected, transported and disposed off separately, preferably stored in plant as

per the hazardous waste handling rules and sent to centralized Processing

facility authorized by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB).

VI. E- Waste

"E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some electronic

products contain materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition

and density. The hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human

health and environment. Discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos,

copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and

batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other substances into soil

and groundwater. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or

recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to

the ecosystem. TMC is encouraging Private Operator to collect the segregated

waste and send to KSPCB Authorized recycling dealers / centralized e-waste

processing facility.

A container is kept for the storage of E waste on the site for preventing any

further ground water contamination. It should be kept on impervious surface

and undercover. The waste is collected for a particular time period and then

sold to recyclers.



VII. Construction and demolition waste (C&D Waste)

Construction and demolition wastes are the waste materials generated by the

construction, refurbishment, repair and demolition of houses, commercial

buildings and other structures. It mainly consists of earth, stones, concrete,

bricks, lumber, roofing materials, plumbing materials, heating systems and

electrical wires and parts of the general municipal waste stream, but when

generated in large amounts at building and demolition sites, it is generally

removed by contractors for filling designated area and by urban local bodies for

disposal at landfills. If Considerable quantity generates TMC is encouraging

Private Operator collects the segregated waste to recycle the waste produced as

by- products as Aggregates, Sand, Hallow blocks and pavement blocker etc.

VIII. Bio- Medical waste

Biomedical waste generated from the hospitals, nursing home and clinics shall

be collected separate and sent to nearby Bio-medical incinerators /tie-up with

the KSPCB Authorized Bio-medical waste processing Operator namely M/s.

Sushanth Environment Technology located at Harihara Taluk, Davangere

District.

3.2 OVERALL PROPOSAL FOR THE PROJECT

The solid waste management at the waste management facility would consist of two-

stage process. The first stage would involve processing of the wastes and the second stage

would be the disposal to secured landfill. The processing of the waste will be undertaken

so that the organic components of the waste are stabilized by aerobic composting

method. The rejects in the process will be land filled. The recyclable materials will be

recovered from the waste and sold.

The incoming wastes at the waste management site will be weighed and a register of

waste receipt would be maintained. The mixed municipal solid wastes which can be

composted will be directed to the composting facility. The rejects from the composting

facility is sent to the landfill. Any hazardous materials will be refused for the intake. The

landfill is as per the sanitary landfill standards prescribed in the MSW (M & H) rules

2000.

The capacity of each of the facility is assessed. The design life of the integrated processing

facility is 15 years. After this period the facility can be upgraded to meet the increased

demands of waste generation.

The processing facility for the organic wastes is designed for 17 tons per day. The design

takes into consideration of the intake of waste for the processing facility such that the

waste will be gradually increased over the years. This is adequate for the present

collection of waste in un-segregated form. As the collection improves the segregation is



also expected and consequently the proposed system should be adequate for the next 15

years.

The waste to be handled over the period has been estimated in Table10. The waste after

inertising by compost, the reject materials are only 20%. The waste to be land filled over

the next 15 years has been given below. The design of the landfill has been undertaken to

meet the constraints of the site and the number of years have been assessed and

presented in the design.

3.3 Implementation of 3R’s Concept

The proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management facility includes the

implementation of 3R’s concept that is; reduce, reuse and recycle. The responsibility of

3R concept will spread across the individuals, household members, production firms and

Municipal authorities.

According to the Material balance details the estimated quantity of waste (Plastic, Paper

& Cardboard) from dry waste collection centre is approximately 4.25 TPD. The

approximate quantity of recyclables is 1.7 TPD, RDF is 3.06 TPD and Compost is 2.38 TPD.

The segregated dry waste (inorganic waste) from dry waste collection centre consisting

of Packing material, Rubber, Clothes, Thermocol, Wood etc., will have very low bulk

density and occupies lot of precious space for even small quantities. The Hydraulic Baler

press Systems operates with a very simple mechanism that compresses the dry matter at

a very high pressure to convert it into Bales of suitable size. The material is compacted to

50 % of its volume in the Baler. The bales can be stored and used as RDF; it can be

auctioned to cement industry and Boiler industries which in-turn generates the revenue.

The dry waste like plastic and paper can be further segregated and auctioned to recyclers.

The segregated wet waste (organic waste) consisting of food waste, garden waste,

vegetable waste etc., is processed through aerobic composting and vermi-composting.

The product (compost/ fertilizer) from composting can be auctioned to agricultural units.

The brief implementation plan for 3R’s is shown in the below figure.



Figure: 3R’s Implementation Plan



4. PART C: COMMON FACILITY DEVELOPMENT

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The design for the inertising facility and the landfill has been done for a time period of 15

years. To undertake these activities there are minimum common development required.

This section details the list of these facilities and gives their specifications.

4.2 OBSERVATIONS

Existing SWM site is located at Allipura of an extent 4 Acres 39 Guntas which is

insufficient for future expansion.

Landfill facility is not present at the SWM Site.

Office building and Toilet do not exist for staffs in the SWM site.

No Shelter for Reception cum Monsoon pad. Waste to handle in Rainy season and

breakdown period.

Dual Trommel and Vertical Bailer is present at the processing facility. Due to lack

of manpower, these equipments are not being used.

Inadequate Aerobic composting pad for present waste generation, need to extend

for design capacity.

Presently barbed wire fence is there, need to Construction of compound wall for

avoid stray dog, animals and aesthetic look.

Roads are not asphalted and Drains are not constructed.

There are no vehicles to perform windrow turning, transportation of waste and

finished products within the site.

4.3 OVERALL LAYOUT OF THE SITE

The general arrangement and the overall layout of the site are presented in drawing

number Savanur waste processing facility/SMS/SNR/MSW/002. It is proposed that the

area to the south of the site be set aside for stocking of the soil excavated during

development so that it can used as cover materials. The main site is divided into two

parts.

The processing shed is constructed in middle of the site in east direction; area to the

north is used for the setting up of the sanitary landfill. The waste is collected in the

reception area and then sent to the windrow formation in the aerobic shed. It is proposed

to have a 5 m wide road and green fence along the edge of the site. The compost plant

area would have the required facilities including the aerobic composting pad, processing

shed, roads, and other facilities. Since landfill falls under small landfill would proposed

solar evaporation pond as leachate treatment plant. Generated leachate will be utilized

for moisture retention in windrows. The detailed civil structures (Existing and Proposed)

are shown in the table below.



Table 21: Details of Civil structures (Existing and Proposed)

Sl. No. Name of the building / civil

structure Existing Proposed

1 Compound wall / fencing No Yes 2 Watchman shed Yes No 3 Weighbridge room No Yes 4 Pre-sorting shed No No 5 Windrow platform No Yes 6 Shelter for Reception Area No Yes

7 Windrow platform shed (if proposed)

No No

8 Processing shed (screening, packaging etc)

Yes No

9 Laboratory No No

10 Workers quarters / Rest rooms / toilets etc

No Yes

11 Vehicle shed / garage No No 12 Storage sheds No No 13 Dry waste / recycling waste shed No Yes

14 Leachate collection and treatment system

Yes Yes

15 Sanitary landfill facilities No Yes 16 Roads, Drains, Deck slab, Green belt No Yes 17 Monitoring Well No Yes 18 Wheel Washing Facility No Yes

4.4 COMMON FACILITY DESIGN

4.4.1 Compound wall

690 m perimeter of the Compound wall is proposed surrounding the MSW

facility. The details of estimates are given in the Reference IMSW02 and

Drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/003.

4.4.2 Road

The site is 5 kms away from the Savanur City. The site lies on Savanur-Gadag

Road near Allipura Village. The access road of the site is 400m from the main

road. This road needs to be developed in future. It is proposed to have internal

roads of width 5 meter and 363 meter length respectively. The details of the

estimates are given in Reference IMSW03. The detailed design is given in the

Drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/004.

4.4.3 Weigh bridge

It is proposed to have a 30 MT weighbridge for the facility. The size of Weigh

Bridge is 7m length and 3m width pit type of reputed make. The details of the

estimates are given in Reference IMSW21.



4.4.4 Boundary Green fence & green layout within the facility

1.5 m wide green fence is proposed all around the site. The green fence would

consist of 3 rows of shrubs plants and trees, which would hide the area from

external viewing and also provide a better ambience and smell to the area. In

addition the vacant areas in the landfill and the compost plant areas kept aside

for future development can also be developed into green cover areas. Some of

the common shrub plants which can be used for fencing purpose and trees

grown in Haveri District are presented in the below table.

Table: Common Flora of the Haveri District

Sl.

No. Shrub Species Tree Species

1 Paper Flower (Bougainvillia

glabra) Gobbali, karijali (Acacia Arabica)

2 Big Sage (Lantana camara) Hunase (Tamarindus indica)

3 Oleander (Nerium indicum) Bevu, Neem (Azadirachta indica)

4 Gloria (Ipomoea carnea) Neelgiri (Eucalyptus citriadra)

5 Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa) Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala)

4.4.5 Office Building

Common facility building will be proposed of size 5 m x 3 m. Toilet of size 1.5 x

1.8 m is proposed for the facility. The details of estimates are given in the

reference IMSW07 and drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/010.

4.4.6 Monitoring wells

It is proposed that one monitoring bore wells be used for monitoring

contamination. The details of estimates are given in reference IMSW08.

4.4.7 Pad & Shelter for Reception cum Monsoon Area

A shelter of size 14 m x 31m is provided for the reception cum monsoon shed

for safe storage in breakdown period and rainy season. The details of estimates

are given in reference IMSW12 & 13 and Drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/005.

4.4.8 Plant and Yard Lighting

It is not proposed that the waste processing facility would be used in the night.

Consequently it is proposed that the aerobic composting yard, plant area, the

access roads, the landfill area would have minimum lighting facility so that in

case of emergency requirements. 15 numbers of street lights are proposed to be

installed at the site. The details of estimates are given in reference IMSW16.

4.4.9 35KVA DG Back Up

35 KVA DG is proposed for back up for un-interrupted operations. The details of

estimates are given in reference IMSW16.



4.4.10 Fire Safety, Tools & Tackles

It is proposed safety, tools & tackles for maintenance. The details of estimates

are given in reference IMSW 18, 19 & 20.

4.4.11 Dry Waste Collection Centre

A Dry Waste Collection Centre of size 15 m x 7 m is provided at the city centre

for segregation of plastic waste. The location for dry waste collection centre is

selected near Doddaghattar (Division 19), KMRP Drain. The details of estimates

are given in reference IMSW09 & drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/011.

4.4.12 Deck Slab

Deck slab of dimension 7m x 1.55m is proposed. The details of estimates are

given in reference IMSW06. The detailed of drawing is given in

SMS/SNR/MSW/009.

4.4.13 Vermi Composting Facility

Vermi composting pit is already constructed, the dimension is 11.56 x 31.1 m

and pit dimension 4m x 2m x 1m – 20 No’s. It is in good condition, hence we are

not considered in our DPR estimation.

4.4.14 Ramp

A Ramp of size 10.8 m x 6.15 m is provided at the city centre for unloading the

waste from the auto tipper to the Tractor. The location for ramp is selected near

Doddaghattar (Division 19), KMRP Drain. The details of estimates are given in

reference IMSW10 & drawing SMS/SNR/MSW/013.

4.4.15 Construction of Pipeline from Borewell to ACP

It is proposed to construct a Pipeline from Borewell to ACP. The details of

estimates are given in reference IMSW04.



5. PART D: COMPOSTING FACILITY

5.1 DESIGN CHOICES

There are many alternative approaches, which have been adopted for composting of

municipal solid wastes based on the broad principle of aerobic composting. The following

approach has been adopted for Savanur. The wastes received in the reception area are

sent to aerobic compost yard for windrows formation. Roof for storing 15 days of wastes

material is proposed in the composting yard. This would also help to operate during the

monsoon months. The design is based on a 35-day waste composting cycle with

additional provision in reception cum monsoon shed along with additional waste load

and for management during monsoon and electro-mechanical equipment breakdown

period.

5.2 SPRAYING OF WASTE WITH EM SOLUTION

Enhanced Microbial solution (EM) is a liquid concentrate containing natural micro-

organisms which helps in the degradation of the organic compound. The use of EM

Solution in the compost eliminates rotting from the compost heap. The process

completely represses unpleasant smells and toxic metabolic by-products (odor

Suppression), but it produces vitamins and bioactive substances. Another advantage of

using EM Solution is that it is no longer necessary to frequently turn over the heap during

composting, as it now ferments anaerobically. The nutrients, and especially the nitrogen,

are retained and are not lost as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The nitrogen is

mainly locked in with organic bonds, i.e. relatively little is mineralized and so more

nutrients are retained in the soil.

5.3 DESIGN BASIS

5.3.1 Sizing of plant

The composting plant has been classified into 2 parts. The inertising part, which

is the basic composting process consisting of the wastes windrowing process

including its turning so that a stabilized material is produced. The second part is

the compost segregation plant (refinement section) where the stabilized wastes

are segregated into compost and rejects. The inertisation facility is designed for

next five year to handle 17 tons per day.

The proposed facility will handle mixed waste as well as segregated waste.

5.4 THE PROCESS FLOW

The step-by-step process operations are given below. The various aspects, which come

into play at each of the steps, are also given.



STABILIZING PROCESS

STEP 1: The waste is received at the gate in trucks/ Tractors. Detailed record on

incoming wastes is maintained at the gate. Visitor’s visiting and staff incoming

time is a maintained. The waste is weighed regularly by means of Weigh

Bridge and recorded accordingly.

STEP 2: The incoming vehicle directly goes and unloads the waste at the reception

area. As soon as the waste is unloaded the large substances like tyres, which

cannot be screened, would be manually removed followed by presorting

section.

STEP 3: Then the Back Hoe loader is used to make the waste into a windrow on the

composting pad as per the design. The windrow is then sprayed with cow

dung or bio culture / EM Solution. The cow dung or bio culture slurry is made

in mixing tank which shall be provided. It is then pumped on to a slurry tank

mounted on a trailer along with the pump. A tractor transports the tank trailer

to the windrow site where slurry is sprayed on the fresh windrow.

STEP 4: On 7th day from start, the first windrow is dismantled and the waste is

transferred to the second windrow pad using the Back Hoe loader. The waste

volume would have reduced by about 20 % compared to start with moisture

reduction and degradation. The place where the waste is dismantled would

receive the fresh waste for forming the first windrow. While forming the

second windrow addition of inoculums, slurry and water to maintain the

moisture is sprayed/applied using the trailer mounted slurry tank. The

temperature profile in the second windrow is monitored. The leachate from

the windrow is collected in the drain.

STEP 5: On 14th day from start the second windrow is dismantled using the Back Hoe

Loader. The waste volume would have reduced by about 20 % more compared

to start of windrow 2 (with moisture reduction and degradation). The

remaining waste is reformed into the third windrow. Addition of water is

undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the third windrow is

monitored. No leachate is expected from now on.

STEP 6: On 21st day from start the third windrow is dismantled using the Back Hoe

loader. The waste volume would have reduced by about 20 % again compared

to start of windrow 3. The wastes are reformed into the fourth windrow.

Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the

fourth windrow is monitored.

STEP 7: On 28th day from start the fourth windrow is dismantled using the Back Hoe

loader. The waste volume would have reduced by about 10 % compared to

start of windrow 4. The wastes are reformed into the fifth windrow. Addition



of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the fifth

windrow is monitored. This is the maturing stage of the compost.

STEP 8: On 35th day from start the fifth windrow is dismantled using a Back Hoe

loader. The waste is now transferred to the refinement section for processing.

The waste volume would have reduced by about 10 % compared to start of

windrow 5.

STEP 9: After curing, the waste material is fed in to dual trommel of size 16mm and

4mm. The material are fed into the rotary sieve, and the product obtained less

than 4mm shall be fed into the destoner and is further processed with

admixtures or bagged directly for the sale. Similarly the same process is

followed for the product obtained from sieving the material sized between

16mm and 4mm.

The material size between 16 mm and 4 mm is sold as grade-B compost and

the waste less than 4 mm is ‘A’ grade-compost. Additional products with

different admixtures are made and sold as niche products. The present design

does not provide the mixing and grinding facility for compost upgradation, as

this would depend on marketing plans. Space for provision of these facilities is

provided. Bagging is proposed manually.

STEP 10: Materials recovery from the rejects is undertaken and the recyclables are

stored in the recyclables shed.

STEP 11: The final rejects are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables

are sold when adequate quantity is available for transport. The compost is

sold as per demand.

5.5 PROCESS FLOW CHART

The process flow chart is given in chart 3. The process flow chart traces the movement of

the waste from the time it enters the composting plant till it is disposed off out of the

plant. It includes the composting, processing and the rejects handling.



Chart 2: Process Flow Chart with Material Balance



Chart 3: Process Flow Chart

5.6 FACILITY DESIGN

5.6.1 Project Layout

The layout of the various facilities is shown in the drawing number Savanur

waste processing facility SMS/SNR/MSW/002. The layout includes all the

facilities including the stabilizing yard (aerobic yard), the processing facility and

the landfill. Based on the final plan of operation the specific facilities be added

or excluded from the construction plan. The waste received is weighed and

recorded and then taken to the composting yard. At the composting yard the

waste is windrowed and processed. Then it is taken for processing, where it is

processed and stored for bagging and sale. All the required facilities and

infrastructure is built up. The detailed requirements and their specifications are

given in the subsequent sections.

Waste Receipt at gate,

weighing and recording

16 & 4mm dual Rotary sieve

Less than 4mm – Grade A More than 4mm -Grade B

After five turning (weekly once)

Reception Area &Presorting

Feeding Conveyor

Feeding to de-stoner

Adding Nutrients (NPK)

Feeding to de-stoner

Bagging and Sale

Bagging and Sale



5.6.2 Civil Works Design

5.6.2.1 Aerobic Compost Yard

The incoming waste is made into windrows, treated, turned and made

into compost at the composting yard. The leachate from the waste is

generated in the composting yard, which is a potential ground

contaminant. The MSW rules insist on a concrete platform for use as the

composting yard. Roof for the facility is proposed to take care during

the monsoon months. The incoming waste is made in to windrows and

turned and the ideal layout of the windrows is one, which occupies

minimum area and is convenient for shifting of waste. The drawing

SMS/SNR/MSW/008 gives the assumptions and area and dimensions of

the different stages of windrows. Based on this data the ideal compost

yard layout is made. The size required of the compost yard is 62 m x 31

m, a total area of 1,922 m2. The flooring of the aerobic pad is designed

for 17 TPD for five years in Phase I. Present Aerobic pad is 62 x 31 m

the shortage of 6 x 62 m (372 M2) is proposed additionally in the DPR.

Future expansion of the designed facility will be taken up in subsequent

phases.

To overcome from monsoon and processing plant break down,

necessary provision is provided in existing Aerobic Compost Platform.

DESIGN OF AEROBIC COMPOSTING PAD

Plant Capacity: 17 TPD

Quantity of waste as street sweeping and recyclable waste is considered 20%

= 17*0.8

= 13.6 TPD.

Volume of waste considering 500 kgs/m3 of waste density = 13.6/0.5

= 27.2 m3.

Length Calculation

Considering windrow width =3 m

Considering windrow height =1.5 m

Cross sectional area = (3.14 * 3 * 1.5) / 4

=3.53 m2

Length of windrow = 27.2/3.53

= 7.70 ̴ 8 m

*Considering each windrow of Length 8 m.

Aggregate length of windrow = 7 * 8

= 56 m

Providing end spacing = 3 * 2



= 6 m

Total length of windrow = 56+ 6

= 62 m

*Total Length of windrow is 62 m.

Width Calculations

Total number of windrows = 5 No’s

Number of windrows with width 3m = 3

Number of windrows with width 2m = 2

Total width of windrow = (3 * 3) + (2 * 2)

= 13 m

Number of clearances between windrows = 4

Width of clearance area = (4 * 3)

= 12 m

End Spacing = (3 * 2)

= 6 m.

Total Width of the windrow = (13 + 12 + 6)

= 31 m

*Total Length of windrow is 31 m.

Windrow Size

Length = 8 m

Width = 3 m

Height = 1.5 m

*Required Platform Size = 62 m * 31 m

Total area required for Aerobic Composting Pad = 1922 m2 (0.47 Acres)

5.6.2.2 Processing Shed

Utilizing the Existing newly constructed processing shed. The shed have

dimension of 24 m x 12 m. Location shown in the Layout map

Reference SMS/SNR/MSW/002.

5.6.2.3 Drains along the roads

A drain is provided on both side of the road. The total length required is

726 m. The details of estimates are given in Reference IMSW 05.

5.6.2.4 Equipment

The processing equipment is already exists in the site, which is newly

procured. The present 16mm and 4mm dual rotary sieve and will be

used for refinement. The present dual trammel is capable of handling

upto 32 Tons of waste if it runs for 8 hours per day. The efficiency of



the equipment will be based on Waste capacity and working hours. The

available equipments in the SWM facility are as follows.

Table 22: Details of equipment in processing line

Number Type Capacity

M1 & M2 Feeding and Process Conveyor for 16 mm and

4 mm Dual Trommel

4 m3 /h

S1 Dual Trommel 16mm/4 mm – 6mtrs x Dia 1.8

m & 1.4 mtr (length X width)

4 m3 / h

VB Vertical Bailer 2 Tonnes /Hour



6. PART E: LANDFILL

6.1 APPROACH TO LANDFILL DESIGN

A Sanitary landfill is proposed for the site. The site would be formed and excavated to

about 2 m to receive the liner. On top of the liner a landfill is built progressively up till the

final design height is reached. After reaching the design height the landfill is capped with

a top cover and the place is converted into a park.

6.2 LAND PROFILE

The area is longer in the north-south direction than in the east-west direction. The width

of the land in the same as southern and northern edge. The land is sloping from west to

east with the highest level being +99.69 in the west edge and the lowest level is +95.36 on

the east edge.

6.3 VOLUME OF WASTE TO BE LAND FILLED

The volume of waste to be filled in the landfill has estimated 3,475 M3 and 10% of the soli

cover 347 m3 and considered 25% safety factor 4,000 m2 is required for proposed height

of 8 meter from the base liner.

The projected volume of the waste handling in landfill facility is given in the Table 22:

Table 23: Projected Waste Handling over Design Life for Landfill

MSW

TPD

Landfill

Qty % Qty

Bulk

Density

Volume/

Day

Growth

%

MSW / Annum

Height

Reject

Bulk

Density Tonnes Cu M

15 20.00 3 0.60 5 5% 5,475 9,125 8 0.85

Total MSW /

Annum

Total MSW / Annum Reject

Qty

Reject

Volume

Total

Area

CUM

Year Tonnes Cu M Tonnes Cu M

1 5,475 9,125 5,475 9,125 1,095 1,288 161 161

2 5,749 9,581 11,224 18,706 1,150 1,353 169 330

3 6,036 10,060 17,260 28,767 1,207 1,420 178 508

4 6,338 10,563 23,598 39,330 1,268 1,491 186 694

5 6,655 11,091 30,253 50,421 1,331 1,566 196 890

6 6,988 11,646 37,240 62,067 1,398 1,644 206 1,095

7 7,337 12,228 44,577 74,296 1,467 1,726 216 1,311

8 7,704 12,840 52,281 87,136 1,541 1,813 227 1,538

9 8,089 13,482 60,370 1,00,617 1,618 1,903 238 1,776

10 8,494 14,156 68,864 1,14,773 1,699 1,998 250 2,025



11 8,918 14,864 77,782 1,29,637 1,784 2,098 262 2,288

12 9,364 15,607 87,146 1,45,244 1,873 2,203 275 2,563

13 9,832 16,387 96,979 1,61,631 1,966 2,313 289 2,852

14 10,324 17,207 1,07,303 1,78,838 2,065 2,429 304 3,156

15 10,840 18,067 1,18,143 1,96,904 2,168 2,551 319 3,475

Soil Covering 10 % on total Volume 348

Total Area including 25% extra as safety factor Sq.m 4,000

6.4 LANDFILL LAYOUT

The land have natural slope of 2m and would be excavated by about 1m to level the

ground and place the landfill liner. 2m high bund with top width of 1.5m having 1 in 1.5

slopes is constructed. On the outer edge of this bund a drain is built to receive runoff from

the landfill surface. This drain can be built along with construction of the final cover of the

landfill. The landfill level on the southern western side is higher. The landform would be

initiated from the western side, which is at about 98.148 RL. The landform would be built

up to a height of 104.00 RL on a 1 in 1.5 slope; the total height of the form would be 6 m

from ground level of 98.00. The final landfill layout is given in drawing number

SMS/SNR/MSW/006 & SMS/SNR/MSW/007. The leachate Collection Tank is proposed at

the RL 95.38 at the lowest part of the landfill area.

6.4.1 Volume of the Landfill, landfill capacity and life

The volume of the landfill is estimated using the final landfill contour map is

estimated at 4,000 m2. The Landfill area estimation is considered for a period of

5 year in phase I, an area of 1,300 m2. There is no sufficient area available at site

for the proposal of landfill for 20 years. Hence, the life of the landfill is estimated

to be 15 years. The height of the landfill is considered 8 m from the Base.

6.4.2 Liner

Base Liner

The base liner consists of 4 layers. The bottom layer is of 900 mm compacted

soils with 10% of Benthonite soli. This followed by a Geo Synthetic Liner (GCL)

and 1.5 mm HDPE liner. A protective layer of either 150 mm sand or a geo-

textile membrane overlies the HDPE liner. A drainage layer of stone metal of

300 mm depth follows this. 200 mm feeder and 250 mm main for leachate

collection HDPE perforated piping is placed in the drainage layer. The details of

liner are given in drawing number. SMS/SNR/MSW/007.

Cover Liner System

The cover liner consists of 4 layers. The bottom layer is of 600 mm compacted

soils. This followed by a Geo Synthetic Liner (GCL) and 1.5 mm HDPE liner. A

protective layer of 150 mm sand or a geo-textile membrane overlies the HDPE



liner. The final layer is 450 mm top soil layer cover. A final vegetation cover is

provided at the top of the landfill.

6.4.3 Landfill Phasing

The landform would be undertaken progressively from the south-west initially

moving along the east west direction till the end of the landfill is reached. The

phasing of the landfill would be undertaken to minimize the upfront

development of the liner. It is proposed that the development of liner be

undertaken in 2 phases. The first development of 1,300 sq.m is taken upfront.

The second development would be undertaken after 5 years. The complete

detail of estimation for 5 years is given in the reference IMSW14.

The landfill operation involves the following steps.

The waste from the processing yard is transported to the landfill area and

tipped. The tipped wastes are spread into 25 m strips. The strip is of 2 m

height. In the initial strip a ramp to reach the height is made using the waste.

The side of the strip is maintained at a slope of 1 in 1. These strips are built up

along the length. At the end of the day the strips are covered with soil of 150

mm depth on all exposed sides.

The waste is filled along the strip till the entire length is covered. Once the

entire length is covered the next strip is initiated. Once 3 strips are completed

the waste height is raised in the first strip by another 2 m. This process of

moving laterally and vertically is continued till the design height is reached.

Once the design height is reached the waste is closed on top with a top liner and

gas vents.

6.4.4 Leachate treatment (Solar Evaporation)

The term “leachate “refers to liquids that migrate from the waste carrying

dissolved or suspended contaminants. Leachate results from precipitation

entering the landfill and from moisture that exists in the waste when it is

disposed. Contaminants in the buried refuse may result from the disposal of

industrial waste, ash, waste treatment sludge, household hazardous wastes, or

from normal waste decomposition. If uncontrolled, landfill leachate can be

responsible for contaminating ground water and surface water.

The composition of leachate varies greatly from site to site, and can vary within

a particular site. Some of the factors affecting composition include:

Age of landfill

Types of waste

Degree of decomposition that has taken place; and

Physical modification of the waste (e.g. shredding).



Once ground water is contaminated, it is very costly to clean up. Today’s

landfills, therefore, undergo rigorous siting, design, and construction

procedures that provide many safeguards for the control of leachate migration.

This method reduces the leachate volume, producing water vapour and a

leachate concentrate that can be recycled to the landfill. Landfill gas, waste heat,

or natural gas can be used as fuel sources. Evaporation is energy intensive, but

can be cost-competitive, if a site lacks economical access to more cost effective

alternatives. A common practice in the leachate pond is to use floating aerators.

This helps provide some treatment and reduce odours by keeping the ponds

from becoming anaerobic, and may increase evaporation for volume reduction.

The amount of yearly evaporation will depend on temperature, precipitation

and humidity. Sludge from the bottom of the pond may need to be removed

periodically and deposited within the landfill cell or other approved location.

In areas of the country where annual evaporation exceeds annual precipitation,

the evaporation of leachate in lined, open ponds can provide an inexpensive

method of leachate disposal. It also provides additional leachate storage

capabilities for other leachate disposal options. Leachate evaporation ponds

should be lined with a composite liner with an extra geomembrane to provide

UV and general physical protection to the primary liner system. Active aeration

can also be employed to increase the rate of leachate evaporation and introduce

oxygen into the leachate, helping to control odors.

Calculation for Leachate Treatment Plant Area of Landfill: 2,000 Sq m

Table 24: Leachate Calculation

Month

Average

Rainfall in

mm

Infiltration

in mm

Volume

in Cum

Leachate Volume

(Wet Weather)

in Cum

Total Leachate

in Cum/

Month

Jan 53 31.8 64 253 316

Feb 107 64.2 128 510 638

Mar 80 48 96 8 104

April 151 90.6 181 16 197

May 90 54 108 9 117

Jun 97 58.2 116 10 126

Jul 138 138 276 14 290

Aug 33 19.8 40 3 43

Sep 4 2.4 5 0 5

Oct 0 0 0 0 0

Nov 1 0.6 1 0 1

Dec 1 0.6 1 0 1

1,840



Infiltration in mm = 60 % * Average Rainfall in mm

Volume in Cum = (Infiltration in mm * Area of Landfill) / 1000

Leachate volume for wet weather flow in Cum = (60 % * Average Rainfall in

mm * 7.945)

Total Leachate in Cum/Month = (Volume + Leachate volume for wet weather

flow in Cum)

Total Quantity of leachate generated per year = 1840 Cum/ Month

Total Quantity of leachate generated per Month = 1840 / 12

= 153 Cum/ Month

Total Quantity of leachate generated per Day = 153 / 30

= 5.1 Cum/ Month

Total Quantity of leachate generated for 15 days = 5.1 * 15

= 76.5 Cum/ 15 Days

Tank dimensions required for the leachate tank = 6 m * 4.5 m * 3 m

We have considered storage of leachate for 15 days only. The leachate collected can be

used for spraying on the waste for retaining moisture content of waste in the windrow.

The leachate collected shall be used for spraying on the waste for retaining moisture

content of fresh waste (re-circulating).

The details of estimates are in reference IMSW15 and Drawing No. SMS/SNR/MSW/012.

6.4.5 Storm Water Management

Storm Water Drain is provided on both side of the 363 m road proposed road

length. The width of the Drain is 0.70 m and the depth considered for the

construction of the Drain is 0.75 m. The total required length for construction of

the drain is 726 m. The details of estimates are in reference IMSW05. The

rainwater runoff from the processing facility is diverted in to the natural storm

water drains for avoiding mixing with the leachate. Rain water harvesting

provision will be made in next phase.



7. PUBLIC AWARENESS THROUGH INFORMATION,

EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION (IEC) AND

CAPACITY BUILDING OF URBAN LOCAL BODIES FOR

SUSTAINABLE MSW MANAGEMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION:

IEC & Public Awareness on waste management

is an extremely important component for any

successful Solid Waste Management

programme, in addition to ‘proper legislation,

technical support and funding. This has also

been a key strategy under the Swachh Bharath

Mission of Govt of India. This targets the

“Behavioural Change communication” to ensure

that waste management is mainstreamed with

the general public at large. It also covers issues

of proper management of municipal waste.

The focus of the program is on the households, commercial establishments, etc.

Sensitization of community towards efficient waste management and its related health

and environmental consequences is the key because a clean community is a direct

reflection of a clean city / town.

Goals of IEC Program

1. To raise the awareness among the people about importance of cleanliness, solid waste

management.

2. To motivate people positive behavioural changes.

3. To propose source segregation.

4. To promote principle of 3 R’s.

3 R’s:

One of the goals behind IEC is to make principle of 3 R’s as a part of life at every stage of

waste management. The 3-R’s (Reduce, Re-use and Recycle) have produced

demonstrative cost effective methods in handling of urban waste and also in conservation

of resources.

The solid waste management hierarchy has been globally recognized as per the following

illustrative diagram.

Enhancing Reuse & recycling and minimization of generation with source segregation are

essential to the success of any Solid waste management program. It hinges on voluntary



participation from the members of community (waste generators) and requires a robust

awareness program on a continual basis.

MSW has got a direct relationship with pollution of air, water, soil and sanitation, hence it

is extremely essential to impart a need based education and awareness to various levels

of society.

7.2 IDENTIFICATION AND ORIENTATION OF RESIDENT’S WELFARE COMMITTEES

Management of solid waste and its effectiveness is primarily dependent on the attitude,

co-operation and participation of the local community. People in all walks of their day-

today activities generate waste, which however, can be collected only once or maximum

twice in a day. The other critical aspect of waste management is the location of waste

management facilities such as dumper bins or the disposal site. There have been number

of cases where in the community has objected to the location of these facilities in their

neighbourhood. Popularly known as ‘Not in My Back Yard (NIMBY) Syndrome’, it is the

general perception of the public that location of any of these solid waste facilities will

create the problem of health and hygiene. In light of the above facts, it becomes

imperative that a successful implementation of any solid waste management system will

need effective cooperation and co-ordination of the local community in various aspects of

waste collection, transportation and disposal.

The steps involved in implementing and ensuring community participation will comprise

of the following activities;

Identification of Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) whose members can

contribute expertise or resources and can share the responsibilities of planning and

implementing the program.

Identification and mobilisation of Non-Governmental Organisations or other social

welfare groups in the city

Identification of areas of SWM where community participation is elicited like schools,

institutions, offices, commercial areas, common community areas (parks), etc.

Orient the citizens, key personalities, social activists, politicians and local corporators

towards environmental education and solid waste management

Conduct sanitation campaigns in various parts of the city emphasising on areas

where their co-operation / participation is sought



Carry out mass media campaigns on various aspects of solid waste management

It is also important to identify areas where the active involvement of community

participation is elicited and work out the modalities of the same. Some of the areas that

have emerged from experience elsewhere in the country, in which the community can

contribute to waste management, are,

Avoid indiscriminate throwing of waste by residents, shop keepers, etc on the streets

Segregate and store the waste at source

Hand over the waste to the sanitary workers

Understanding the importance of dumper bins at various localities of the city and

their criticality in the efficient management of waste and therefore co-operating

while the shifting of dumper bins

Understanding the importance of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovering of various

recyclables in the waste and their utility.

Once the above is explained to the representatives of RWA’s the same will be conveyed to

the community directly or through various means of technology, so that a sense of

community ‘ownership” is developed. People involved in planning and implementing a

project will feel that the program belongs to them. Community ownership helps to ensure

greater participation on collection day as well as community pride about the outcome of

the program.

7.3 IDENTIFICATION AND MOBILIZATION OF NGOS OR SOCIAL WELFARE GROUPS

NGO INVOLVEMENT

The success of IEC is largely depending on the voluntary participation of the community

at large. The local government, the developer and Non-Government Organizations

(NGO’s) etc have a large role to play in this regard. In recent years it can be observed that

NGOs have taken up initiatives to work with local residents to improve sanitation. They

have been playing an active role in organizing surveys and studies in specified disciplines

of social and technological sciences. In the field of garbage management, such studies are

useful in identifying areas of commercial potentials to attract private entrepreneurs. They

can play an important role in segregation of waste, its collection and handling over to

local authorities.

Many NGOs are committed to improve SWM practices to protect the environment and

have been very active in this field, hence are successful in creating awareness among the

citizens about their rights and responsibilities towards solid waste and the cleanliness of

their city. These organizations promote environmental education and awareness in

schools and involve communities in the management of solid waste. They may be

persuaded to actively support the new strategies recommended in this report and

associate in public awareness campaigns. Any organization willing to perform

independently in conducting programs for sections of public on the new SWM strategies



should be encouraged to do so through direct support or through use of the corporation

resources / facilities.

7.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS THROUGH INFORMATION,

EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PLAN

The basic approach of IEC plan is to create effectiveness of the Solid Waste Management

System. The success of any solid waste management scheme can be measured through

the extent of cooperation and participation of people, effectiveness of the proposed

system and operational efficiency.

7.5 APPROACH OF IEC PLAN

Attitudinal and behavioural changes of the residents are important for the success of the

segregated waste collection and its sustainability. For this purpose, communication with

the residents is required through various techniques and modes. There needs to be a two-

way approach for IEC Implementation:

a. Program communication: (to bring about behavioural changes)

Behavioural changes are must to achieve the objective of receiving segregated waste

from each household. For this purpose, the strategy should be to build and improve

existing community awareness and education through adopting awareness initiatives

among the citizens.

b. Social Mobilization: (for alliance building )

It is universal that presence of local stakeholder or group in an issue can provide a very



effective mechanism for community outreach and associated information and education

activity. Hence support of NGOs, Local Leaders, RWAs, and Educational Institutions etc are

indispensable for social mobilization.

7.6 STRATEGY FOR CREATING AWARENESS:

Selection of key target audience plays a key role in generating effective awareness and

cities like Agra need more careful planning for this purpose. Some of the target audience

can be from sectors of particular interest including the female head of the family, children

and youth, who require some form of role model to influence their behaviour. Broadly,

the target audience can be categorized as waste generators, waste collectors and waste

managers.

Once the target groups have been identified, the responsibility lies in developing the

approach for educating these groups. For successful implementation of any program

involving public at large, it is essential to spell out clearly and make them know the

manner in which the problem is proposed to be tackled to keep area clean and improve

the quality of life.

The communication material should be developed and must be utilized in public

awareness program through the tools of publicity. The use of various publicity tools will

be made as under:

a. Focus Group Discussions

b. Inter personal communications

c. Creating watchdog committees comprising of local influential people, RWA members

and important stakeholders, societies.

d. Printed materials and Audio-visual aids.

e. Other locally popular media.

Other tools like Newspapers, Media/Radio, Skit/Street plays, Billboards/ print Medium

may be used for creating awareness.



8. PART F. COST ESTIMATES

8.1 CIVIL COST ESTIMATES

The Civil work costs are given in the Table 25.

Table 25: Details of Civil Cost

SL. NO. ITEM DESCRIPTION AMOUNT IN LAKHS

1 Construction of Compound Walls 66.41

2 Construction of Internal Roads 21.33

3 Construction of Pipeline from Borewell to ACP 0.17

4 Construction of Drain and Kerb 28.55

5 Construction of Deck Slab 4.20

6 Construction of Office Building & Toilet 7.99

7 Construction of Monitoring Well 6.59

8 Dry Waste Collection Centre 6.15

9 Construction of Ramp 3.46

10 Wheel washing facility 1.50

11 Aerobic composting Pad (without Cover) 14.16

12 Pad for Reception Area 3.12

13 Shelter for Reception Area 8.05

14 Land fill Area 69.95

15 Leachate Tank (Aeration ) 3.09

16 Lump sum provision for Land Scape Green belt

development

3.00

TOTAL A 247.72

8.2 FINANCIAL MODEL

Table 26: Details of Financial Model

Sl. No.

GoI Share (in Lakhs) 35%

GoK Share (in Lakhs) 11.67%

Local ULB Share (in Lakhs) 53.33%

Total Project Cost(in Lakhs)

1 111.30 37.10 169.60 318.00

The financial model is given for IMSW project Savanur is given in Table No. 26. The Govt.

of India (GoI) will be funding an amount of Rs. 111.30 Lakhs (35% of the Total Project

Cost), Govt. of Karnataka (GoK) will be funding an amount of Rs. 37.10 Lakhs (11.67% of

the Total Project Cost) and the rest of the amount i.e., Rs. 169.60 Lakhs is to be raised by

Local ULB from own source, SFC and 14th Finance.



Savanur TMC is not able to afford the above mentioned ULB’s share of Rs. 169.60 Lakhs,

requesting the state government (GoK) to approve 46.93% (Rs. 79.60 Lakhs) of ULB share

under Special grant, Swachh Bharath, (i.e., 25.03% of the Total Project Cost). The details

of financial model under Special grant from GoK under SBM are given in the Table 27.

Table 27: Details of Financial Model (Special SBM Grant)

Sl. No.

GoI Share (in Lakhs)

35%

GoK Share (in Lakhs)

11.67%

Local ULB Share

(in Lakhs)

28.30%

Special Grant from

GoK under SBM,

(in Lakhs) 25.03%

Total Project Cost (in Lakhs) 53.33%

1 111.30 37.10 90.00 79.60 318.00

8.3 MATERIAL BALANCE

Based the Waste Classification and Characterization study, The details of Material Balance

of municipal solid waste generated in Savanur, 17 TPD is given in Table No. 28.

Table 28: Material Balance Details for 17 TPD

Sl. No. Material Out put

1 Compost 2.38

2 Sweeping Waste 1.70

3 RDF 3.06

4 Moisture loss 6.46

5 Recyclables 1.70

6 Inert to Landfill 1.70

Total 17.00

8.4 REVENUE

The Revenue we can expect from the compost for nurseries and farmers. Sale of Bale and

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) to the Recyclable vendors / Boiler industry /Cement

industries. The Revenue details are shown in Table 29.

Table 29: Details of Revenue Cost

Sl. No.

Description Qty per day

Monthly Annually Cost per Ton in

Rs.

Total Revenue/

Month

Total Revenue/Year

1 Sale of

Compost 2.38 60 714 2500 1,48,750 17,85,000

2 Sale of RDF 3.06 77 918 100 7,650 91,800

3 Recyclables 1.70 43 510 1500 63,750 7,65,000

2142 Total 2,20,150 26,41,800 Note: Considered 300 working days.



8.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST FOR COLLECTION AND

TRANSPORTATION

The minimum wages for labours as per the Notification No: KE/71/LWA/2015 dated:

04.08.2016 is considered for the calculation of Manpower Expenses. The proposed O& M

cost for Collection and transportation is shown in the below Table 30. The outsourcing

package details are enclosed as Annexure – 3.

Table 30: O & M cost for Collection and Transportation

Sl. No.

Description Cost / Month

(Rs)

Cost / Ton (Rs)

Cost / Year (Rs)

Primary Collection

cost per month

Street Sweeping cost per month

Secondary Collection

cost per month

1 Expenses-Resources

8,93,406 1,752 1,07,20,875 4,67,425 2,81,775 1,44,206

2 Expenses-Fleet 1,27,043 249 15,24,516 64,388 20,888 41,768

3 Expenses-

Administrative 55,597 109 6,67,164 18,532 18,532 18,532

4 Expenses - Operations

30,380 60 3,64,560 10,127 10,127 10,127

Total 11,06,426 2,169 1,32,77,115 5,60,472 3,31,322 2,14,633

The proposed Manpower for Collection and transportation is shown in the below Table

31.

Table 31: Manpower proposed for Collection and Transportation Sl. No. Description Manpower Proposed in No’s

1 Primary Collection 28

2 Street Sweeping 17

3 Secondary Collection 9

4 Dry Waste Collection Centre 1

Total 55

8.6 EQUIPMENTS COST FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION

The proposed Equipments cost for Collection and transportation is shown in the below

Table 32.

Table 32: Equipment cost for Collection and Transportation

Sl. No. Particulars Qty Amount

1 Tata Ace CAB BSlll ESP with suitable hopper 03 16.06

2 Pushcarts 05 0.69

Total amount for Equipments 16.74



8.7 EQUIPMENTS COST FOR PROCESSING FACILITY

The proposed Equipments cost for Processing facility is shown in the below Table 33.

Table 33: Equipment cost for Processing Facility

Sl. No. Particulars Qty Amount

1 Back Hoe Loader 01 22.55

Total amount for Equipments 22.55

8.8 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION &

PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

The Manpower required for C&T and Processing & Disposal during execution of the

project is effectively tabulated in Table 34 below.

Table 34: Manpower Requirement

Sl. No. Manpower Required Quantity in No.

i. Collection and Transportation

1 Skilled 11

2 Semi Skilled/ Unskilled 44

Total (A) 55

ii. Processing and Disposal

1 Plant In-Charge 1

2 Landfill Supervisor 1

3 Vehicle Drivers 1

4 Helpers 4

5 Security Guards 1

Total (B) 8

Total (A+B) 63

8.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST FOR PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

The overall cost Expenses incurring for processing of MSW as per the MSW 2000 Rules is

estimated Rs. 42,05,991/annum.

The Operation and Maintenance cost details are shown in Table 35.

Table 35: Operation and Maintenance Cost Details

Sl. No.

Description Cost in Rs/

Month Cost Per

Ton in Rs. Cost in

Rs/Year

1 Manpower Expenses - General 42,201 83 5,06,415

2 Manpower Expenses - Support Staff 73,097 143 8,77,164

3 Manpower Expenses- Security 13,049 26 1,56,585

4 Packing Expenses 22,230 44 2,66,760



Sl. No.

Description Cost in Rs/

Month Cost Per

Ton in Rs. Cost in

Rs/Year

5 Raw material Consumable Expenses 12,242 24 1,46,904

6 General Expenses 9,340 18 1,12,083

7 Repairs to machinery 20,000 39 2,40,000

8 Repairs to vehicles 25,000 49 3,00,000

9 Repairs to Buildings 20,000 39 2,40,000

10 Fuel to vehicles 29,340 58 3,52,080

11 Oil & Lubricants 20,000 39 2,40,000

12 Electricity Charges 15,000 29 1,80,000

13 Office , Admin & Licensing charges 30,000 59 3,60,000

14 Landfill Expenses 15,000 29 1,80,000

15 Laboratory Analysis Charges 4,000 8 48,000

Total Cost 3,50,499 687 42,05,991

8.10 SUSTAINABLE OPERATION OF THE PLANT Sustainable Operation of the plant, O & M cost is incurring Approx Rs. 3.50 Lakhs per

month and revenue generating from the by-products is Approx. Rs. 2.20 Lakhs per month.

The Deficit of O & M cost is about Rs. 1.30 Lakhs per month.

Sustainable operation of the plant through selling of the compost and the recyclable

material, the revenue which is to be generated by the sale of RDF depends upon the

identification of the market (boilers & Cement Industries) at the time of sale. At present,

revenue generated from RDF is not taken into consideration. The total revenue generated

by the sale of Compost and Recyclable material is Rs. 2.20 Lakhs per month. In a situation

where there is no revenue generated from the sale of RDF, then the difference in amount

i.e. 3.50 Lakhs / Month is to be support by the TMC as tipping fee.

8.11 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST FOR C & T AND PROCESSING &

DISPOSAL

The overall cost Expenses incurring for C & T and processing of MSW as per the MSW

2000 Rules is estimated to be Rs. 1,75,45,746/annum.

The Operation and Maintenance cost details are shown in Table 36.

Table 36: Consolidated Operation and Maintenance Cost Details

Sl. No. Description Cost / Month

(Rs)

Cost / Ton (Rs)

Cost / Year (Rs)

A Collection and Transportation

11,11,646 2180 1,33,39,755

B Processing and Disposal 3,50,499 687 42,05,991

Total (A+B) 14,62,145 2,867 1,75,45,746



The Proposed User Charges details for Byadgi TMC are tabulated in Table 37.

Table 37: Proposed User Charges Details

Sl. No

Solid waste management

tax/cess

User Fee Collection Efficiency

Considered

No. Of establishments

User Charge/ Establishments

(in Rs)

Total Amount (in

Lakhs)/Annum

1 Households

2 a) non slum 60% 7584 50.00 27.30

3 b) Slums 70%

4 small hotels 100% 40 100.00 0.48

5 Street vendors 80%

6 marriage halls 100% 5 500.00 0.30

7 lodge/ bigger hotel 100%

19 150.00 0.34

8 shops 100% 780 100.00 9.36

9 Bigger shops 100% 50 150.00 0.90

10 mutton shops 100% 10 200.00 0.24

11 fruit/veg shops 100% 12 200.00 0.29

12 cinema theaters 100% 2 250.00 0.06

13 hospitals 100% 25 200.00 0.60

14 Institutions 100% 6 300.00 0.22

Total 40.09

The details of proposed revenue are as tabulated in the Table 38.

Table 38: Revenue proposed: FY 16-17 Sl. No

Description Amount in

Lakhs A O & M Expenses Proposed 175.46 i Revenue by sale of compost and by-products 26.42 ii Receipt of Salaries for outsourced staff from untied SFC grants 50.36 iii Receipt of salaries for Permanent staff 55.69 iiv Revenue by way of User Charges 40.09 B Total revenue proposed 172.56 Deficit (SWM) = Proposed total SWM O&M cost – Proposed total

revenue generated (SWM related cess) 2.90

Table 39: Revenue proposed (By sale of Compost, Recyclables & User Charges)

Sl. No


Lakhs A O & M Expenses Proposed 175.46 i Revenue by sale of compost and by-products 26.42 ii Revenue by way of User Charges 40.09 B Total revenue proposed 66.51



Sl. No


Lakhs Deficit (SWM) = Proposed total SWM O&M cost – Proposed total

revenue generated (SWM related cess) 108.95

Table 40: Projection of O&M cost, Revenue by compost & by-products and Revenue

by User Charges for 5 Years

Year O&M Cost Revenue by Compost &

By-products

Revenue by user

charges

Total Revenue

Revenue Contribution to O&M cost

in (%)

2016-17 175.46 26.42 40.09 66.51 37.90

2017-18 184.23 30.38 46.10 76.48 41.51

2018-19 193.44 34.94 53.02 87.95 45.47

2019-20 203.11 40.18 60.97 101.15 49.80

2020-21 213.27 46.21 70.11 116.32 54.54

2021-22 223.93 53.14 80.63 133.77 59.74

9. BOQ

The BOQ is enclosed as Annexure - 1 in detail for your kind reference. All BOQs are

prepared as per the SR, 2015-16 Dharwad Circle with Area Weightage 8%.

10. DRAWINGS The Drawings are enclosed as Annexure - 2 for your kind reference.

1. executive summarysavanurtown.mrc.gov.in/sites/savanurtown.mrc.gov.in/...consultancy services for...

Documents