1 discourse on teaching with emotional intelligence: can it transform student teacher performance?...
TRANSCRIPT
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Discourse on teaching with emotional intelligence: can it transform student
teacher performance?
Thesis study; Eamonn Pugh; 12th March 2010
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Why this research is important
Subject knowledge
Teaching and learning methods
Emotional intelligence
Teachers can connect with learners beyond transmission of ideas and facts, thereby transforming the experience. Not using emotional intelligence diminishes the value of subject knowledge and learning and teaching methods (Mortiboys, 2005)
“Teacher preparation programs need to support teacher candidates by scaffolding the reflective abilities surrounding emotional intelligence and by providing sufficient time within the curriculum to infuse this process”. (Kremenitzer, 2005)
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Emotional intelligence
Tuning into emotions and taking appropriate action
Personal (or
Intrapersonal)
Social (or
Interpersonal)
Awareness of feelings
Recognising our own feelings
Recognising the feelings of others
Behavioural response to feelings
Managing our own feelings
effectively
Taking account of the feelings of
others.
(Orme, 2000)
Pugh, 2008, Mayer & Salovey 1989; Gardner, 1993; Goleman 1995)
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Terminology
Vocabulary:
‘Emotional intelligence’ is applied as ‘emotional competence’.
Discourse about the EI of ourselves and others uses ‘emotion literacy’.
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Contested ground
Theoretical basis - “old wine in new bottle” (Matthews, 2002)
Validity of measurement - socially desirable responding
Amoral – Aristotle’s ‘schooling of emotions’ is part of moral education, but EI not always used as a virtue (Kristjánsson, 2006)Neglected in teaching because:
Traditional view of emotions - “vulgar impediment to cognition” (Hawkey, 2006):
Emphasis on negative aspects of emotions associated with teaching (anxiety, anger ..)
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The methodology
Action research aiming to change and improve the practice of researcher and student participants (teacher educator and student teachers)
Researcher as participant ‘insider’
Student participants as collaborative partners
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A cyclical research process
Linear process – one stab at the hypothesis or issue
Cyclical process – interim reports, rethinks, change of direction to get closer to the truth.
Research purpose identified
Data collected
Data analysed & interpreted
Reflections &
conclusions
Report written
Investigation planned
Research refocussed
N +1
N cycles
Bassey, 1995
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Cycle 1 – the hypothesis
Formative assessment of student teachers’ emotional intelligence
improves their classroom performance
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The pilot data set
Week 3 joint observation
Week 8 interviews
Week 7 joint observation
EQ 1
QTS Mentor Int.
Trainee Int. EQ 2
Student A
Student B
Student C
Student D
QTS 2
Mortiboys,2002
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Cycle 1 findings
Linked improvements in emotional intelligence and overall performance (QTS professional standards)
Importance of modelling of EI Trust needed (relationships) Socially-desirable responses?
You wrote down things that she didn’t
realise she was doing. When I did my last observation last
week, there was a big difference
If the study hadn’t have been there, maybe the focus wouldn’t have been there and I wouldn’t
have improved so much
Teachers could sometimes learn
from students too. Especially here,.. they’re happy to hear
your ideas.
The emotional intelligence things overlapped with what I picked up using the normal lesson observation format
I could feel it going wrong and I
was mad at myself. I was
more in control in 2nd lesson
It’s made me reflect upon my own
practice as well… because it’s more
focused
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So, some reading on Power and Emotions
Forms of power (French & Raven): coercive, reward, legitimate, referent and expert
Researcher
Mentor
Governments (SEL, SEAL)
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Power and Emotions
“Emotional pupils and teachers could share a common discourse. But this will be managed and monitored formally as sets of competences and outcomes. There will be a clear market opportunity for those who offer.... the objective testing of the emotional intelligence of those within them” (Hartley, 2002:p17)
Unethical? But what about my first cycle of data collection?
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A change of approach
Aim: Improved emotionally-intelligent teaching by student teachers, but by empowering them to take charge of their learning.
Less positivist/scientific: ‘sufficient to recognise that understanding is of a higher order than accuracy’ (Lucaks, 2002)
Social construction of knowledge; invention of multiple social realities, validated by participants (Ovens, 2009)
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Cycle 2 – the issue
Discourse on teaching with emotional intelligence: can it transform student
teacher performance?
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Cycle 2 – researcher and participants
Participants:8 Primary PGCE student teachers – volunteers from cohort of 100 studentsAbout to begin teaching on a developing (‘middle’) school placementMy relationship with participants - lectured to them within cohort, module tutor to some, placement tutor to some.
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Cycle 2 – data collection
Fitness for purpose – empowerment of participants, emphasis on reflective discourseVideo-recording of participant teaching: taken by mentor/peerCompletion of EI self-assessment sheet by participant (having viewed video)Short reflective writing about the experienceIndividual interviews - 15 minute with researcher
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Data collected
Student participants
Teaching Video(Optional researcher access)
EI self assessment(Optional researcher access)
Short reflective writing (requested researcher access)
A B C D
E
F
G H
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Some references
Bassey, M (1995) Creating Education through Research Kinklingtom Moor Press Gardner, H. (1993) Multiple Intelligence: The Theory in Practice. New York: BasicGoleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam. Hartley, D. (2003) The instrumentalisation of the expressive in education, British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 51 (1) Kremenitzer, J (2005) Emotional Intelligence in Teacher Education, Focus on Teacher Education Vol. 5 (4) Lucaks, 2002; cited by Conway, J (2009) Negotiating Tricky Corners: Becoming a Researcher in Education; ESCalate Conference, B’ham. http://escalate.ac.uk/5843 accessed 6/7/09 Mayer, J. and Salovey, P. (1989) Emotional Intelligence, Baywood Publishing Inc. Mortiboys, A (2002) The Emotionally Intelligent Lecturer. SEDA Special No. 12 Mortiboys, A. (2005) Teaching with Emotional Intelligence, Routledge. Orme, G. (2001) Emotionally Intelligent Living, Crown Publishing House. Pugh, E (2008) If emotionally-intelligence teaching isn’t on our standards agenda, is the ladder leaning against the wrong wall? Practitioner Research in HE’, Vol 2(1) UniPress Cumbria
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Next data set - interviews
10 March 2010
Ethical decision
In setting up participant interviews for next week, I received the following emailed response :Subject: RE: Emotionally-intelligent teaching"Hello! can make 8.10 on Monday. Will you be recording the interview in any way? I'm a bit nervous of being video recorded!“Video recording the interviews would have enabled me to use not only analyse words and how they are used, but facial expressions and other body action cues. This would arguably show respect for the truth (Bassey, 1995), but not for the participant who doesn't want a video-recording. Which comes first ..the truth or the participant? If I claim my research to be a collaborative partnership between researcher and participant (Somekh, 2006) and aim to empower the participants through discourse, there is no choice.I told student it would be audio recorded with a dictaphone.
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Delegate activities
Use and evaluate the EI assessment tool (while observing a 13 minute lesson video clip)
Design personalised interview questions for one of the student teachers, informed by the submitted EI self-assessment and, where available, his/her short reflection on the process. The interview should seek to develop discourse on teaching with emotional intelligence …. maybe even the sort of experience that could transform their performance!
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Delegate reflections at this stage…
Are there any concepts or processes that you will take away from today i.e. think further about and/or take action on
Is there a place for emotional intelligence in teaching?
In teacher education?
Finally, thank you so much for your participation and collaboration!